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1 - AQA
... Look at the way that the –H and –OH groups are bonded to the carbon atom on the right-hand side (C1) in β-glucose. Now look at the –H and –OH groups bonded to the carbon atom on the left-hand side (C4). Notice that they are bonded the opposite way round. Compare this with the diagram of α-glucose. H ...
... Look at the way that the –H and –OH groups are bonded to the carbon atom on the right-hand side (C1) in β-glucose. Now look at the –H and –OH groups bonded to the carbon atom on the left-hand side (C4). Notice that they are bonded the opposite way round. Compare this with the diagram of α-glucose. H ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... Although the heterotrophic growth rate of both organisms was considerably slower than that obtained under phototrophic conditions, there were only minor alterations in the activities of enzymes involved in sugar and carboxylic acid metabolism (Table I). Desalting of the extracts of Aphanocapsa 6714 ...
... Although the heterotrophic growth rate of both organisms was considerably slower than that obtained under phototrophic conditions, there were only minor alterations in the activities of enzymes involved in sugar and carboxylic acid metabolism (Table I). Desalting of the extracts of Aphanocapsa 6714 ...
Lecture 33 - University of Arizona
... opposite to the reducing end in the ring structure. The reducing end of a linear glucose molecule can be oxidized by Cu2+ by definition. ...
... opposite to the reducing end in the ring structure. The reducing end of a linear glucose molecule can be oxidized by Cu2+ by definition. ...
Ketone Bodies, Potential Therapeutic Uses
... (abbreviated “¯OHB”) may also provide a more ef cient source of energy for brain per unit oxygen, supported by the same phenomenon noted in the isolated working perfused rat heart and in sperm. It has also been shown to decrease cell death in two human neuronal cultures, one a model of Alzheimer’s ...
... (abbreviated “¯OHB”) may also provide a more ef cient source of energy for brain per unit oxygen, supported by the same phenomenon noted in the isolated working perfused rat heart and in sperm. It has also been shown to decrease cell death in two human neuronal cultures, one a model of Alzheimer’s ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical energy
... If all the proton-motive force generated by the electron transport chain were used to drive ATP synthesis, one glucose molecule could generate a maximum of 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation plus 4 ATP (net) from substrate-level phosphorylation to give a total yield of 36– 38 ATP (depending on the ...
... If all the proton-motive force generated by the electron transport chain were used to drive ATP synthesis, one glucose molecule could generate a maximum of 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation plus 4 ATP (net) from substrate-level phosphorylation to give a total yield of 36– 38 ATP (depending on the ...
Cell Respiration
... If all the proton-motive force generated by the electron transport chain were used to drive ATP synthesis, one glucose molecule could generate a maximum of 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation plus 4 ATP (net) from substrate-level phosphorylation to give a total yield of 36– 38 ATP (depending on the ...
... If all the proton-motive force generated by the electron transport chain were used to drive ATP synthesis, one glucose molecule could generate a maximum of 34 ATP by oxidative phosphorylation plus 4 ATP (net) from substrate-level phosphorylation to give a total yield of 36– 38 ATP (depending on the ...
Citric acid cycle - Issaquah Connect
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration All use glycolysis (net ATP 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food In all three, NAD is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
... Comparing Fermentation with Anaerobic and Aerobic Respiration All use glycolysis (net ATP 2) to oxidize glucose and harvest chemical energy of food In all three, NAD is the oxidizing agent that accepts electrons during glycolysis The processes have different final electron acceptors: an or ...
digestion of carbohydrates - KSU Faculty Member websites
... The glycolytic pathway is employed by all tissues for the break down of glucose to provide energy ( in the form of ATP ) and intermediates for other metabolic pathways . Glycolysis is at thehub of carbohydrate metabolism because virtually all sugars ( whether arising from the diet or from catabolic ...
... The glycolytic pathway is employed by all tissues for the break down of glucose to provide energy ( in the form of ATP ) and intermediates for other metabolic pathways . Glycolysis is at thehub of carbohydrate metabolism because virtually all sugars ( whether arising from the diet or from catabolic ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... In the combustion of methane to form water and carbon dioxide, the nonpolar covalent bonds of methane (C—H) and oxygen (O=O) are converted to polar covalent bonds (C=O and O—H). When methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, electrons end up farther away from the carbon atom and closer ...
... In the combustion of methane to form water and carbon dioxide, the nonpolar covalent bonds of methane (C—H) and oxygen (O=O) are converted to polar covalent bonds (C=O and O—H). When methane reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, electrons end up farther away from the carbon atom and closer ...
glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway
... ways that connect glucose and glycogen, and use the glucose catabolism, the pathway with the largest flux of processes of carbohydrate synthesis and degradation as carbon in most cells. The glycolytic breakdown of gluexamples of the many mechanisms by which organisms cose is the sole source of metab ...
... ways that connect glucose and glycogen, and use the glucose catabolism, the pathway with the largest flux of processes of carbohydrate synthesis and degradation as carbon in most cells. The glycolytic breakdown of gluexamples of the many mechanisms by which organisms cose is the sole source of metab ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... ° The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. ° The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that makes this process a cycle. ° Three CO2 molecules are released, including the ...
... ° The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. ° The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that makes this process a cycle. ° Three CO2 molecules are released, including the ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION: HARVESTING CHEMICAL
... The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that makes this process a cycle. Three CO2 molecules are released, including the ...
... The acetyl group of acetyl CoA joins the cycle by combining with the compound oxaloacetate, forming citrate. The next seven steps decompose the citrate back to oxaloacetate. It is the regeneration of oxaloacetate that makes this process a cycle. Three CO2 molecules are released, including the ...
Energy Transformation — Cellular Respiration
... 1. The ATP produced during glycolysis is insufficient to sustain life processes. As a result, molecular oxygen has to appear to supply a bulk of ATP (almost 90%) to the body cells. Hence, most cells of multicellular organisms cannot live long without oxygen, especially the human brain cells which ca ...
... 1. The ATP produced during glycolysis is insufficient to sustain life processes. As a result, molecular oxygen has to appear to supply a bulk of ATP (almost 90%) to the body cells. Hence, most cells of multicellular organisms cannot live long without oxygen, especially the human brain cells which ca ...
Introduction to Metabolism
... “high-energy” compounds except: A) electrostatic repulsion in the reactant. B) low activation energy of forward reaction. C) stabilization of products by extra resonance forms. D) stabilization of products by ionization. E) stabilization of products by solvation. The hydrolysis of ATP has a large ne ...
... “high-energy” compounds except: A) electrostatic repulsion in the reactant. B) low activation energy of forward reaction. C) stabilization of products by extra resonance forms. D) stabilization of products by ionization. E) stabilization of products by solvation. The hydrolysis of ATP has a large ne ...
Cellular Respiration
... (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose). Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down Makes CO2 and H2O as well as energy (ATP) ...
... (ATP) from macromolecules (glucose). Catabolic: Rxn that breaks molecules down Makes CO2 and H2O as well as energy (ATP) ...
respiration_how cell..
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Chapter 6
... energy to drive many of their metabolic reactions, such as building protein molecules from amino acids, or making copies of DNA molecules. Energy is used to move chromosomes around during mitosis and meiosis. Most animals also have specialised muscle cells, which use energy to make themselves contra ...
... energy to drive many of their metabolic reactions, such as building protein molecules from amino acids, or making copies of DNA molecules. Energy is used to move chromosomes around during mitosis and meiosis. Most animals also have specialised muscle cells, which use energy to make themselves contra ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. It completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. Several steps in glycolysis ...
... Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. It begins catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate. The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. It completes the breakdown of glucose by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide. Several steps in glycolysis ...
BIS103-002 (Spring 2008) - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... h) Two reactions in glycolysis and one reaction of the TCA cycle generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. The way ATP is produced in the TCA cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation is conceptually very similar to one of the two ATP-generating reactions in glycolysis. Briefly describe the co ...
... h) Two reactions in glycolysis and one reaction of the TCA cycle generate ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation. The way ATP is produced in the TCA cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation is conceptually very similar to one of the two ATP-generating reactions in glycolysis. Briefly describe the co ...
Specific features of glycogen metabolism in the liver
... the ‘ muscle ’, ‘ brain ’ and ‘ liver ’ isoenzymes according to the tissue in which they are preferentially expressed (reviewed in [33,34]). They are homodimers of subunits of E 100 kDa and are encoded by different genes. All isoenzymes are converted from the inactive b-form into the active a form t ...
... the ‘ muscle ’, ‘ brain ’ and ‘ liver ’ isoenzymes according to the tissue in which they are preferentially expressed (reviewed in [33,34]). They are homodimers of subunits of E 100 kDa and are encoded by different genes. All isoenzymes are converted from the inactive b-form into the active a form t ...
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... The two atoms of the oxygen molecule share their electrons equally. When oxygen reacts with the hydrogen from methane to form water, the electrons of the covalent bonds are drawn closer to the oxygen. ...
... The two atoms of the oxygen molecule share their electrons equally. When oxygen reacts with the hydrogen from methane to form water, the electrons of the covalent bonds are drawn closer to the oxygen. ...
Biochemistry 3 - Chiropractic National Board Review Questions
... Which of the following is a Catacholemine synthesized from Tyrosine? EPINEPHRINE How many essential Amino Acids are Aromatic? (PHENYLALANINE & TRYPTOPHAN) Thyroxine is derived from ____________. TYROSINE (also epinephrine) The enzyme which catalases the interconversion of UDP-Galactose with UDP Gluc ...
... Which of the following is a Catacholemine synthesized from Tyrosine? EPINEPHRINE How many essential Amino Acids are Aromatic? (PHENYLALANINE & TRYPTOPHAN) Thyroxine is derived from ____________. TYROSINE (also epinephrine) The enzyme which catalases the interconversion of UDP-Galactose with UDP Gluc ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... The electrons continue along the chain that includes several cytochrome proteins and one lipid carrier. The prosthetic group of each cytochrome is a heme group with an iron atom that accepts and donates electrons. The last cytochrome of the chain, cyt a3, passes its electrons to oxygen, which is v ...
... The electrons continue along the chain that includes several cytochrome proteins and one lipid carrier. The prosthetic group of each cytochrome is a heme group with an iron atom that accepts and donates electrons. The last cytochrome of the chain, cyt a3, passes its electrons to oxygen, which is v ...
Research Interest
... age 6 to 17 years: prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/78 to 1994/1998. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2003;103:1326-1331. Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2007;6:130140. Gao X, et al. Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and seru ...
... age 6 to 17 years: prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/78 to 1994/1998. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2003;103:1326-1331. Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2007;6:130140. Gao X, et al. Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and seru ...
Postprandial Serum Fructose Levels in Patients Tested
... age 6 to 17 years: prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/78 to 1994/1998. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2003;103:1326-1331. Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2007;6:130140. Gao X, et al. Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and seru ...
... age 6 to 17 years: prevalence, amounts, and sources, 1977/78 to 1994/1998. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2003;103:1326-1331. Funari, VA, et al. Fructose metabolism in the cerebellum. The Cerebellum. 2007;6:130140. Gao X, et al. Intake of added sugar and sugar-sweetened drink and seru ...
Glucose
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Alpha-D-glucopyranose-2D-skeletal.png?width=300)
Glucose is a sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6. The name ""glucose"" (/ˈɡluːkoʊs/) comes from the Greek word γλευκος, meaning ""sweet wine, must"". The suffix ""-ose"" is a chemical classifier, denoting a carbohydrate. It is also known as dextrose or grape sugar. With 6 carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a sub-category of monosaccharides. α-D-glucose is one of the 16 aldose stereoisomers. The D-isomer (D-glucose) occurs widely in nature, but the L-isomer (L-glucose) does not. Glucose is made during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight. The reverse of the photosynthesis reaction, which releases this energy, is a very important source of power for cellular respiration. Glucose is stored as a polymer, in plants as starch and in animals as glycogen.