Download Macromolecule Virtual Lab

Macromolecule Virtual Lab
Name:__________________
Go to the website:
http://faculty.kirkwood.edu/apeterk/learningobjects/biologylabs.htm
CARBOHYDRATES: Scroll down to the bottom and click on Carbohydrates
a. What do carbohydrates consist of?
b. Plants store carbohydrates as___________________
c. Insects store carbohydrates as __________________
d. How do you test for sugars?
1. Click on Add Benedict’s Reagent
2. Click on Hot Water Bath (imagine the solutions are in a hot water bath for 4–10 minutes. The
solution that contains sugar should eventually turn orange or red)
a. Which solution(s) changed colors after the hot water bath?
b. What does this mean?
Click on the “Choose Your Test” scroll bar and click “Test for Starches”
a. How do you test for starches?
b. What change in color will occur?
Click on Add Iodine
a. Which solutions changed colors?
b. What does this mean?
PROTEINS: Click on the tab marked protein
a. What are the protein chains made of?
b. What test do we use to test for proteins? What is the color change that results?
Click on Add Biuret Reagent
a. What solutions changed color?
b. What does it mean?
LIPIDS: Click on tab marked Lipids
a. What test is used for lipids?
b. Describe the color change that will occur if lipids (fats) are present.
Click on add Sudan III
1. What solutions changed colors? What does this mean?
EVERYDAY FOODS: Click on the tab marked Everyday Foods
Choose the gelatin sample to test first
Click Add Benedict’s Reagent & Click hot bath
1. Was there presence of sugars?
2. How do you know?
Click on Add Iodine
1. Was there presence of starches?
2. How do you know?
Click on Add Biuret Reagent
1. Was there presence of proteins?
2. How do you know?
Choose the Apple Juice sample to test
Click Add Benedict’s Reagent & Click hot bath
1. Was there presence of sugars?
2. How do you know?
Click on Add Iodine
1. Was there presence of starches?
2. How do you know?
Click on Add Biuret Reagent
1. Was there presence of proteins?
2. How do you know?
Choose the Ritz Cracker sample to test
Click Add Benedict’s Reagent & Click hot bath
1. Was there presence of sugars?
2. How do you know?
Click on Add Iodine
1. Was there presence of starches? How do you know?
Click on Add Biuret Reagent
1. Was there presence of proteins? How do you know?
Choose the Skim Milk sample to test
Click Add Benedict’s Reagent & Click hot bath
1. Was there presence of sugars?
2. How do you know?
Click on Add Iodine
1. Was there presence of starches?
2. How do you know?
Click on Add Biuret Reagent
1. Was there presence of proteins?
2. How do you know?
Analysis Questions (use information from this website, or search other websites for the answers)
1. What is the purpose of this lab?
2. How are the reagents (chemical indicators) useful in determining which macromolecules are present?
3. List one major thing you learned by performing this lab?
4. Before a long race, runners often “carbo load.” This means they eat substantial quantities of
carbohydrates. What might this do to their performance? (hint: think about the function of
carbohydrates)
5. High temperatures can weaken bonds within a protein molecule. How might this explain the effects
of using a hot curling iron in a person’s hair?
6. You want to eat more unsaturated than saturated fats. Name examples of foods you want to eat
more of and less of.
7. Carbon dioxide contains carbon, but it is NOT considered “organic.” Explain.
8. Many birds store significant amounts of energy to power flight during winter migration. What type of
organic molecule (macromolecule) might be best suited for energy storage. Explain.
Complete the Organic Molecule Quiz at the following site. You have to type the site in EXACTLY.
www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/ *Then Click on “Anatomy and Physiology”
* Then Click on “Quiz: Organic Molecules”
1. How many did you get correct on your quiz? _____/24
2. Without erasing your answers, answer the following questions (from your quiz):
a. Starch is made of numerous repeating units of glucose. All the glucose molecules are bonded together
forming a large molecule of starch. Each individual glucose unit is called a ________________.
b. If a carbohydrate had this basic formula (CnH2nOn), the overall molecular formula would be (if n = 8)
__________.
c. If two organic molecules bond together forming a carbon to oxygen to carbon bond, they form an ester
bond. If two organic molecules bond together forming a carbon to nitrogen to carbon bond, they form a
peptide bond. What type of bond is formed when two carbohydrates bond together? _____________
d. Which of the following is a dissacharide? (fructose / glucose / sucrose)
e.Which of the following is the stored form of a polysaccharide in humans in liver and muscle cells?
(glucose/starch/glycogen)
f. A saturated fatty acid has maximum number of _______________ atoms in its chain.
g. A molecule of fat has ____(#) fatty acid chains and a phospholipid has ____(#) fatty acid chains.
h. How can the main structural backbone of all steroids be described?
I. Amino acids are bonded together in different sequences to create thousands of different proteins in the
body. How many different amino acids are used to create the hundreds of thousands of protein molecules
manufactured in the body? ______
m. Which of the following is not a part of the nucleotides that make up DNA? (nitrogenous base /
sugar unit / amino group)
n. What type of bond is formed between adenine and thymine and between cytosine and guanine?
______________
o. What is the name of the sugar molecule that makes up DNA? _______________
p. RNA consists of __________(nitrogen base) instead of __________(nitrogen base).