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Activity: Cell potency and stem cells
Activity: Cell potency and stem cells

... 5 (a) The diagram shows that the blastomeres are able to produce cells of all the tissues in the human body (as well as renew themselves). [Note: the emboldened term ‘blastocyst’ in the question is subject-specific content in some GCE specifications, e.g. Pearson Edexcel, but not others, e.g. AQA an ...
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Slide 1

... of Computer Science & Engineering, Mississippi State University 2Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University ...
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PDF

... Asymmetric cell divisions generate cell diversity during development, but what regulates the segregation of cell fate determinants during these divisions? Slack and co-workers have been examining the localization of Miranda (an adaptor for several neural cell fate determinants) to the basal cortex o ...
PDF
PDF

... Asymmetric cell divisions generate cell diversity during development, but what regulates the segregation of cell fate determinants during these divisions? Slack and co-workers have been examining the localization of Miranda (an adaptor for several neural cell fate determinants) to the basal cortex o ...
PDF
PDF

... Asymmetric cell divisions generate cell diversity during development, but what regulates the segregation of cell fate determinants during these divisions? Slack and co-workers have been examining the localization of Miranda (an adaptor for several neural cell fate determinants) to the basal cortex o ...
Human karyotype
Human karyotype

... • Each human cell contains 2 metres of DNA (3,000,000,000 bases in a haploid cell) • Nucleus is 5 microns (0.005 mm) diameter • DNA must be properly packaged, not just tangled up and stuffed into nucleus • Packaging involves coiling and folding the DNA in specific ways • Special proteins are associa ...
Gene Section MIR196B (microRNA 196b)  Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section MIR196B (microRNA 196b) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... of the c-myc gene. Expression of miR-196a and miR-196b is higher in AML patients with NPM1 gene (nucleophosmin) mutations as compared to NPM1-wildtype. In T-ALL patients, miR-196a and miR-196b expression was associated with an immature immunophenotype, and expression of CD34 and CD33. Hence, these m ...
AIMS Review Packet
AIMS Review Packet

... 20. In horses the coat color is controlled by co-dominant alleles. The alleles for a red coat or white coat are both expressed in a heterozygote. Horses that have a both a red and white coat are said to have a roan coat (both red and white hairs). Horses that have neither of the dominant alleles hav ...
BIOLOGY
BIOLOGY

... 13. Which of the following organisms would be classified as primary consumer? A) lion B) Escherichia coli C) barley D) cow E) Candida albicans 14. Which of the following characterizes monocotyledonous plants? A) Their embryos have one cotyledon. B) In their stems vascular bundles are usually arrange ...
Animal Reproduction and Genetics
Animal Reproduction and Genetics

... – Prophase- the nucleolus disappears and centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell. Fibers begin to form and extend from the centromeres. – Metaphase- spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the middle of the cell nucleus. ...
January 2009
January 2009

... She took seven wheat seedlings and measured the length from the shoot tip to the root tip of each seedling. She placed each seedling in a different test tube so that its roots were in a mineral ion solution. Each tube contained a mineral ion solution with a different concentration of nitrate ions. S ...
Active tissue-specific DNA demethylation conferred by somatic cell
Active tissue-specific DNA demethylation conferred by somatic cell

... postulated that reprogramming involves reversal of epigenetic silencing mechanisms at regulatory regions to allow activation of MyoD, and the converse for keratin-14. DNA methylation patterns in differentiated cells are generally thought to be stable epigenetic modifications. To determine whether DN ...
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells

... • In 1996, researchers studying lung cancer found that, in human lung cells growing in the lab, a component of tobacco smoke, BPDE, binds to DNA within a gene called p53, which codes for a protein that normally helps suppress the formation of tumors. • This work directly linked a chemical in tobacco ...
The contribution of tumorigenic stem cells to haematopoietic
The contribution of tumorigenic stem cells to haematopoietic

... hereditary material - that is, it copies the DNA molecules in the chromosomes - and it divides into two daughter cells. This year's Nobel Laureates have discovered the key regulators of the cell cycle, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) and cyclin. Together these two components form an enzyme, in which C ...
AIMS Review Packet
AIMS Review Packet

... 4. Water has a HIGH specific heat. Why is this property of water important to life? ...
cell cycle
cell cycle

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Chapter 19
Chapter 19

... from six cells on the ventral surface. Two signals are involved: the primary (1) and secondary (2) inducers. The concentration gradient of the primary inducer (LIN-3) is key. It is produced by the anchor cell and diffuses out to form the gradient. ...
Chapter 18 and 19: Viruses and Regulation of Gene Expression
Chapter 18 and 19: Viruses and Regulation of Gene Expression

... The overview for Chapter 18 and 19 introduces the idea that while all cells of an organism have all genes in the genome, not all genes are expressed in every cell. What regulates gene expression? Gene expression in prokaryotic cells differs from that in eukaryotic cells. How do disruptions in gene r ...
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Genetic Engineering

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PowerPoint Presentation - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
PowerPoint Presentation - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites

... Insulators block activation by enhancers. Locus control regions open up chromatin to regulation by activators. Activators act synergistically. Eukaryotic transcription may be repressed by blocking or binding activators, interacting with mediator, or by modifying chromatin. Signal transduction pathwa ...
EXAM EXPECTATIONS MYP Biology
EXAM EXPECTATIONS MYP Biology

... STATE that cell division is necessary for proper development STATE that cell division is the basis for both sexual and asexual reproduction STATE that cell division can produce an entirely new organism STATE that cell division is necessary to continue life STATE the role of centromeres STATE that as ...
Gene
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... • Considered to be the father of modern Genetics • Used pea plants to demonstrate how certain characteristics were passed through generations – Seed shape, seed color, flower color, pod shape, pod color, and stem height ...
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Fall 2009

... 22. Be able to define and label what 3 organelles does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not? How does a plant cell look different than an animal cell? 23. Be able to label and define the functions for the following cell organelles. (*) Help in making and processing PROTEINS. A) Cytoplasm B ...
Fall 2009
Fall 2009

... 22. Be able to define and label what 3 organelles does a plant cell have that an animal cell does not? How does a plant cell look different than an animal cell? 23. Be able to label and define the functions for the following cell organelles. (*) Help in making and processing PROTEINS. A) Cytoplasm B ...
Name - Madison Public Schools
Name - Madison Public Schools

... location of cellular respiration; provides most of the energy for cells; cells that require a lot of energy, like muscle cells, will have many mitochondria to provide that energy surrounds the nucleus; regulates what goes into/comes out of the nucleus located within the nucleus; makes ribosomes cont ...
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Epigenetics in stem-cell differentiation

Embryonic stem cells are capable of self-renewing and differentiating to the desired fate depending on its position within the body. Stem cell homeostasis is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms that are highly dynamic in regulating the chromatin structure as well as specific gene transcription programs. Epigenetics has been used to refer to changes in gene expression, which are heritable through modifications not affecting the DNA sequence.The mammalian epigenome undergoes global remodeling during early stem cell development that requires commitment of cells to be restricted to the desired lineage. There has been multiple evidence suggesting that the maintenance of the lineage commitment of stem cells are controlled by epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of ATP-dependent remolding of chromatin structure. Based on the histone code hypothesis, distinct covalent histone modifications can lead to functionally distinct chromatin structures that influence the fate of the cell.This regulation of chromatin through epigenetic modifications is a molecular mechanism that will determine whether the cell will continue to differentiate into the desired fate. A research study performed by Lee et al. examined the effects of epigenetic modifications on the chromatin structure and the modulation of these epigenetic markers during stem cell differentiation through in vitro differentiation of murine embryonic stem (ES) cells.
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