The Acidic Environment #2
... pollution. This led to regulations to control emissions from factories, power stations and motor cars. The annual average concentration of SO2 and NO2 in most large cities around the world is 0.01 ppm for each gas. This is about 10 times the value for clean air, though a concentration of 0.01 ppm ...
... pollution. This led to regulations to control emissions from factories, power stations and motor cars. The annual average concentration of SO2 and NO2 in most large cities around the world is 0.01 ppm for each gas. This is about 10 times the value for clean air, though a concentration of 0.01 ppm ...
Requires Rubisco
... At 5 x 10 -5 atm, CO2 fixation rate = photorespiration rate. However, plants living in hot climates need to conserve water, which requires them to use low CO2 concentration (water is used in rubisco reaction!) The disadvantage of C4 plants is extra ATP used and a more complex pathway http://methanog ...
... At 5 x 10 -5 atm, CO2 fixation rate = photorespiration rate. However, plants living in hot climates need to conserve water, which requires them to use low CO2 concentration (water is used in rubisco reaction!) The disadvantage of C4 plants is extra ATP used and a more complex pathway http://methanog ...
Genetic code as a harmonic system
... Figure 1 (left). The distribution of amino acids according to Gauss’ algorithm; (a) the distribution of amino acids has been derived from Table 1.1, by presenting two pairs here in one row as the “pair of pairs”. In the beginning of each row obtained in this way one “contact” amino acid has been as ...
... Figure 1 (left). The distribution of amino acids according to Gauss’ algorithm; (a) the distribution of amino acids has been derived from Table 1.1, by presenting two pairs here in one row as the “pair of pairs”. In the beginning of each row obtained in this way one “contact” amino acid has been as ...
Amino Acid Catabolism: N
... adequate to supply amino acids for growth, while adding to the diet the a-keto acid analogs of essential amino acids. Liver transplantation has also been used, since liver is the organ that carries out Urea Cycle. ...
... adequate to supply amino acids for growth, while adding to the diet the a-keto acid analogs of essential amino acids. Liver transplantation has also been used, since liver is the organ that carries out Urea Cycle. ...
REVIEWS
... Most culturable bacteria thrive in the rich media that are used to study their behaviour in the laboratory. In the natural environment, however, nutrients are often present in extremely dilute concentrations (for example, in the sea), inaccessible because of the paucity of water (for example, in the ...
... Most culturable bacteria thrive in the rich media that are used to study their behaviour in the laboratory. In the natural environment, however, nutrients are often present in extremely dilute concentrations (for example, in the sea), inaccessible because of the paucity of water (for example, in the ...
Upgrading the Hemicellulosic Fraction of Biomass into Biofuel
... from LCB is used for the preparation of the cellulases. The cellulase production requires a carbon source, such as glucose, and a cellulase inducer, such as lactose (Pourquié et al., 1988). The C5 sugar fraction derived from the pretreated biomass can partially substitute both the carbon source and ...
... from LCB is used for the preparation of the cellulases. The cellulase production requires a carbon source, such as glucose, and a cellulase inducer, such as lactose (Pourquié et al., 1988). The C5 sugar fraction derived from the pretreated biomass can partially substitute both the carbon source and ...
Amino Acid Composition in Fillets of Mirror Crossbreds Common
... crossing). These breeds were the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) for pure breed production, Hungarian mirror line (L15), the Israeli breed (DOR70) and the Northern mirror carp (M72). The scaly hybrid of the Ropsha (ROP) and the Tataj (TAT) carp was used as a control. The fish were reared under standard c ...
... crossing). These breeds were the Hungarian mirror carp (M2) for pure breed production, Hungarian mirror line (L15), the Israeli breed (DOR70) and the Northern mirror carp (M72). The scaly hybrid of the Ropsha (ROP) and the Tataj (TAT) carp was used as a control. The fish were reared under standard c ...
711 BOMB CARBON AS A TRACER OF DIETARY CARBON
... Nydal et al. (1971) and others. We use ∆14C, which is the deviation of the 14C concentration from the absolute 14C standard, 0.95 times the activity of the HOxI oxalic acid standard, corrected for isotopic fractionation and decay since 1950 (Stuiver and Polach 1977). Naturally produced atmospheric v ...
... Nydal et al. (1971) and others. We use ∆14C, which is the deviation of the 14C concentration from the absolute 14C standard, 0.95 times the activity of the HOxI oxalic acid standard, corrected for isotopic fractionation and decay since 1950 (Stuiver and Polach 1977). Naturally produced atmospheric v ...
Metabolism of lactate and sugars by dairy propionibacteria: A
... Abstract - Dairy propionibacteria are important organisms for the manufacture of Swiss-type cheese, for the biological production of propionate and vitamin 812 and have probiotic properties. In ail the se applications, their metabolic activities play a critical role. A complete understanding of prop ...
... Abstract - Dairy propionibacteria are important organisms for the manufacture of Swiss-type cheese, for the biological production of propionate and vitamin 812 and have probiotic properties. In ail the se applications, their metabolic activities play a critical role. A complete understanding of prop ...
Module 2 Biochemical bases of proliferation, intercellular
... 64. Who synthesized uric acid artificially from glycine and urea in 1882: A. German scientist Veller B. German scientist Fisher C. Polish-Russian scientist Nenskiy D. Austrian physiologist Maresh E. * Ukrainian scientist I. Horbachevskiy 65. Why constant excessive consumption of meat and glandular t ...
... 64. Who synthesized uric acid artificially from glycine and urea in 1882: A. German scientist Veller B. German scientist Fisher C. Polish-Russian scientist Nenskiy D. Austrian physiologist Maresh E. * Ukrainian scientist I. Horbachevskiy 65. Why constant excessive consumption of meat and glandular t ...
Untitled
... by itself is an aggregate of molecules. Every human actively, like walking, breathing and even thinking are the result of the interactions of these molecules. Defective molecular processes result in disease state. Moreover Biochemistry has become a background subject for a great family of medical sc ...
... by itself is an aggregate of molecules. Every human actively, like walking, breathing and even thinking are the result of the interactions of these molecules. Defective molecular processes result in disease state. Moreover Biochemistry has become a background subject for a great family of medical sc ...
Malic acid production by Aspergillus oryzae
... 1.1.1 A. niger and citric acid production Citric acid is a well-known organic acid that is extensively used in the food and beverage industry as it combines a pleasant taste with low toxicity and palatability. It serves several functions in the food formulation, like sterilization, flavor fixation a ...
... 1.1.1 A. niger and citric acid production Citric acid is a well-known organic acid that is extensively used in the food and beverage industry as it combines a pleasant taste with low toxicity and palatability. It serves several functions in the food formulation, like sterilization, flavor fixation a ...
anaerobic digestion fundamentals
... the non ionic form is prevalent. This could cause an overload of acetic acid inside the cell. At higher pH value (>8) acetic acid is in his ionic form, and it is unable to pass the membrane causing an accumulation outside the cell. ...
... the non ionic form is prevalent. This could cause an overload of acetic acid inside the cell. At higher pH value (>8) acetic acid is in his ionic form, and it is unable to pass the membrane causing an accumulation outside the cell. ...
Liver glucose metabolism in humans
... pathway to produce UDP-N-acetylglucosamine or follow the glycolytic pathway to generate pyruvate and then acetyl-coA. Acetyl-coA may enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle to be oxidized or may be exported to the cytosol to synthesize fatty acids, when excess glucose is present within the hepatocyte. Fi ...
... pathway to produce UDP-N-acetylglucosamine or follow the glycolytic pathway to generate pyruvate and then acetyl-coA. Acetyl-coA may enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle to be oxidized or may be exported to the cytosol to synthesize fatty acids, when excess glucose is present within the hepatocyte. Fi ...
University of Groningen Molecular basis of two novel
... submitted). This compound inactivates the enzyme by forming a covalent malonyl adduct with the proline residue. This modification is the result of the hydration of the carboncarbon triple bond of the inhibitor via a Michael addition, catalyzed by the active site glutamate, which activates a water mo ...
... submitted). This compound inactivates the enzyme by forming a covalent malonyl adduct with the proline residue. This modification is the result of the hydration of the carboncarbon triple bond of the inhibitor via a Michael addition, catalyzed by the active site glutamate, which activates a water mo ...
Aromatic amino acid requirements of the lactating sow
... which in turn can be methylated in the adrenal medulla to form epinephrine (adrenaline). ...
... which in turn can be methylated in the adrenal medulla to form epinephrine (adrenaline). ...
9. proteins i
... (enzymes) are largely responsible for determining the phenotype or properties of a cell in a particular environment. The total hereditary material of the cell or genotype dictates which type of protein the cell can produce. In fact, the proteins have built into their structure the information that i ...
... (enzymes) are largely responsible for determining the phenotype or properties of a cell in a particular environment. The total hereditary material of the cell or genotype dictates which type of protein the cell can produce. In fact, the proteins have built into their structure the information that i ...
mammalian hibernation: biochemical adaptation
... of ATP production needed to support their shivering is supplied by aerobic sugar oxidation in muscle using the massive stores of honey that the colony laid down from summer foraging. Hence, honeybees use a social solution to winter warmth. Another futile form of ATP turnover that supports thermogene ...
... of ATP production needed to support their shivering is supplied by aerobic sugar oxidation in muscle using the massive stores of honey that the colony laid down from summer foraging. Hence, honeybees use a social solution to winter warmth. Another futile form of ATP turnover that supports thermogene ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... energy is captured as a glucose molecule is converted to two molecules of pyruvate. Glycogen, a storage form of glucose in vertebrates, is synthesized by glycogenesis when glucose levels are high and degraded by glycogenolysis when glucose is in short supply. Glucose can also be synthesized from non ...
... energy is captured as a glucose molecule is converted to two molecules of pyruvate. Glycogen, a storage form of glucose in vertebrates, is synthesized by glycogenesis when glucose levels are high and degraded by glycogenolysis when glucose is in short supply. Glucose can also be synthesized from non ...
What is biomethanation
... metabolized by yeast strains through glycolysis pathway (Embden-Meyerhof Pathway) to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide in anaerobic condition (Eq. (5.2.1)). ...
... metabolized by yeast strains through glycolysis pathway (Embden-Meyerhof Pathway) to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide in anaerobic condition (Eq. (5.2.1)). ...
Evolution - Amino Acid wksht
... Proteins are made of amino acids. DNA determines what sequence these amino acids must be in to build the protein. Scientists can examine the amino acid sequence of particular protein molecules found in vertebrates to determine the degree of similarity between species. Even organisms that appear to h ...
... Proteins are made of amino acids. DNA determines what sequence these amino acids must be in to build the protein. Scientists can examine the amino acid sequence of particular protein molecules found in vertebrates to determine the degree of similarity between species. Even organisms that appear to h ...
LAP5 and LAP6 encode anther-specific proteins with similarity to
... long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. In this study we describe the identification and characterization of two highly conserved anther-specific genes that are involved in pollen exine development, likely participate in sporopollenin biosynthesis, and similar to ACOS5, are related to, yet distinct fr ...
... long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase. In this study we describe the identification and characterization of two highly conserved anther-specific genes that are involved in pollen exine development, likely participate in sporopollenin biosynthesis, and similar to ACOS5, are related to, yet distinct fr ...
Chapter 25 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
... a) The COOH group does not readily undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution because the OH group is not a good leaving group. By converting the COOH group into an activated ester, the compound can now undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution because it has a good leaving group. b) The nitro group stabil ...
... a) The COOH group does not readily undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution because the OH group is not a good leaving group. By converting the COOH group into an activated ester, the compound can now undergo nucleophilic acyl substitution because it has a good leaving group. b) The nitro group stabil ...
Engineering of Aromatic Amino Acid Metabolism in
... years, special receptor proteins have been identified in the human tongue for sensing the taste of MSG (67). L-Phenylalanine is a key amino acid in the manufacturing of aspartame, an artificial sweetener. Aspartame is 150-200 times sweeter than sucrose. Corynebacterium glutamicum and E. coli are the ...
... years, special receptor proteins have been identified in the human tongue for sensing the taste of MSG (67). L-Phenylalanine is a key amino acid in the manufacturing of aspartame, an artificial sweetener. Aspartame is 150-200 times sweeter than sucrose. Corynebacterium glutamicum and E. coli are the ...
Induced-fit of the peptidyl-transferase center of the
... acceptor arm of an A-site tRNA moves into the PTC) must be excluded from the chemical step, a (still unresolved) difficulty at the origin of some controversy in the literature (Bieling et al. 2006; Johansson et al. 2008; Ledoux and Uhlenbeck 2008; Wohlgemuth et al. 2008; Rodnina 2013). Experiments w ...
... acceptor arm of an A-site tRNA moves into the PTC) must be excluded from the chemical step, a (still unresolved) difficulty at the origin of some controversy in the literature (Bieling et al. 2006; Johansson et al. 2008; Ledoux and Uhlenbeck 2008; Wohlgemuth et al. 2008; Rodnina 2013). Experiments w ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.