Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
... phytohormones, especially the most studied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced by higher plants and microorganisms, have been reported to be produced by rhizobacteria [30]. IAA synthesized by plant-associated bacteria is implicated as one of the key determinants in association of plantmicrobe intera ...
... phytohormones, especially the most studied indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) produced by higher plants and microorganisms, have been reported to be produced by rhizobacteria [30]. IAA synthesized by plant-associated bacteria is implicated as one of the key determinants in association of plantmicrobe intera ...
URIC ACID
... characteristic dyslipidaemia (increased triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol, small dense LDL), hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, prothrombotic state. ...
... characteristic dyslipidaemia (increased triglycerides, decreased HDL cholesterol, small dense LDL), hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance, prothrombotic state. ...
Regulation of intermediary metabolism by protein acetylation
... mouse liver tissues and HeLa cells [10]. Notably, 277 acetylated peptides are derived from 133 proteins that are located in the mitochondrion, including many intermediary metabolic enzymes. The identification of multiple acetylated metabolic enzymes offered the first peek into the extent of acetylat ...
... mouse liver tissues and HeLa cells [10]. Notably, 277 acetylated peptides are derived from 133 proteins that are located in the mitochondrion, including many intermediary metabolic enzymes. The identification of multiple acetylated metabolic enzymes offered the first peek into the extent of acetylat ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... unfavorable reaction to the conversion of ATP to ADP The phosphate esters that are formed are intermediates in further processes Nature uses phosphates the way chemists use tosylates (to make an OH into a leaving group) ...
... unfavorable reaction to the conversion of ATP to ADP The phosphate esters that are formed are intermediates in further processes Nature uses phosphates the way chemists use tosylates (to make an OH into a leaving group) ...
Chapter 29 The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways
... unfavorable reaction to the conversion of ATP to ADP The phosphate esters that are formed are intermediates in further processes Nature uses phosphates the way chemists use tosylates (to make an OH into a leaving group) ...
... unfavorable reaction to the conversion of ATP to ADP The phosphate esters that are formed are intermediates in further processes Nature uses phosphates the way chemists use tosylates (to make an OH into a leaving group) ...
Carbohydrate-Based Mimetics in Drug Design: Sugar Amino Acids
... molecular recognition. In order to perform these functions, the correct folding of the biopolymers creating the active site is crucial, since any kind of interaction is observed only if the reactive groups are positioned in the correct spatial orientation to each other. Thus, the development of smal ...
... molecular recognition. In order to perform these functions, the correct folding of the biopolymers creating the active site is crucial, since any kind of interaction is observed only if the reactive groups are positioned in the correct spatial orientation to each other. Thus, the development of smal ...
Unraveling Biochemical Pathways Affected by Mitochondrial
... steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (SaRT) transporter family [49]. Once imported, cholesterol is converted to a pregnenolone cytochrome P450-linked side chain cleaving enzyme (P450scc) and exported back to the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum, where the final steps of steroidogenesis will b ...
... steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (SaRT) transporter family [49]. Once imported, cholesterol is converted to a pregnenolone cytochrome P450-linked side chain cleaving enzyme (P450scc) and exported back to the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum, where the final steps of steroidogenesis will b ...
A E M , Feb. 2004, p. 999–1007
... member of the -ketoacyl synthase family of enzymes (5). The primary reaction of the FabH enzyme is the condensation of malonyl-ACP with acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). It is unique among -ketoacyl synthase enzymes in that it utilizes acetylCoA as a donor and has been shown to have an acetyl-CoA– ACP tran ...
... member of the -ketoacyl synthase family of enzymes (5). The primary reaction of the FabH enzyme is the condensation of malonyl-ACP with acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA). It is unique among -ketoacyl synthase enzymes in that it utilizes acetylCoA as a donor and has been shown to have an acetyl-CoA– ACP tran ...
Glycine Cleavage Powers Photoheterotrophic Growth of
... is singly labeled and 5% alanine is doubly labeled, Figure 4A and Supplementary Table S1). As pyruvate is involved in the CO2 fixation pathways and also a precursor to alanine, the labeling patterns of alanine can reflect CO2 fixation routes (Figure 5). MS data show that alanine was mostly labeled at fi ...
... is singly labeled and 5% alanine is doubly labeled, Figure 4A and Supplementary Table S1). As pyruvate is involved in the CO2 fixation pathways and also a precursor to alanine, the labeling patterns of alanine can reflect CO2 fixation routes (Figure 5). MS data show that alanine was mostly labeled at fi ...
Exploring Yeast as a Cell Factory for the Production of Carboxylic
... products, depends on fermentative processes carried out by microorganisms. In this regard, the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also called baker’s or brewer’s yeast, is of particular interest since it has been widely used in the food and beverage industries. The interesting features of microorganis ...
... products, depends on fermentative processes carried out by microorganisms. In this regard, the fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, also called baker’s or brewer’s yeast, is of particular interest since it has been widely used in the food and beverage industries. The interesting features of microorganis ...
WRL3116.tmp
... 54. The result of a(n) __________ reaction is that energy is released. Energy must be added for a(n) __________ reaction to proceed. A. Enzyme catalyzed, non-spontaneous B. * Exergonic, endergonic C. Endergonic, spontaneous D. Catalytic, non-catalytic E. Oxidative, hydrolysis 55. The steady state as ...
... 54. The result of a(n) __________ reaction is that energy is released. Energy must be added for a(n) __________ reaction to proceed. A. Enzyme catalyzed, non-spontaneous B. * Exergonic, endergonic C. Endergonic, spontaneous D. Catalytic, non-catalytic E. Oxidative, hydrolysis 55. The steady state as ...
Role of changes in cardiac metabolism in development - AJP
... perfused STZ hearts (239). Recently, evidence of cardiomyopathy has also been reported in animal models of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes (ZDF rats and ob/ob or db/db mice) (5, 21, 30, 266). In db/db mice, systolic and diastolic dysfunction were detected by echocardiography (218). With the u ...
... perfused STZ hearts (239). Recently, evidence of cardiomyopathy has also been reported in animal models of insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes (ZDF rats and ob/ob or db/db mice) (5, 21, 30, 266). In db/db mice, systolic and diastolic dysfunction were detected by echocardiography (218). With the u ...
The change from lipid to carbohydrate during the respiratory rise in
... kind, and it is a matter of some interest to identify the actual endogenous substrate. Respiration in plant tissues may comprise more than one respiratory path. The matter is further complicated by evidence that the relative contribution of coexisting respiratory paths may change with time, as is th ...
... kind, and it is a matter of some interest to identify the actual endogenous substrate. Respiration in plant tissues may comprise more than one respiratory path. The matter is further complicated by evidence that the relative contribution of coexisting respiratory paths may change with time, as is th ...
Metabolism of bile acids
... enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis, exemplified by the fact that mice deficient for Cyp7a1 have a 75% reduced bile acid pool size causing vitamin deficiencies, lipid malabsorption and liver failure [7–9]. The acidic pathway starts with the hydroxylation of the cholesterol side-chain by sterol 27-hydro ...
... enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis, exemplified by the fact that mice deficient for Cyp7a1 have a 75% reduced bile acid pool size causing vitamin deficiencies, lipid malabsorption and liver failure [7–9]. The acidic pathway starts with the hydroxylation of the cholesterol side-chain by sterol 27-hydro ...
Title Metabolism of fluoroorganic compounds in microorganisms
... defluorination (Visscher et al. 1994; Kim et al. 2000). However, no enzyme has yet been identified that can specifically cleave C-F bonds in the trifluoromethyl group. Some bacteria, such as the fluorometabolite producer Streptomyces cattleya, can stereospecifically degrade the amino acid L-4-fluor ...
... defluorination (Visscher et al. 1994; Kim et al. 2000). However, no enzyme has yet been identified that can specifically cleave C-F bonds in the trifluoromethyl group. Some bacteria, such as the fluorometabolite producer Streptomyces cattleya, can stereospecifically degrade the amino acid L-4-fluor ...
CP1 Domain in Escherichia coli Leucyl
... steps; amino acids larger than the cognate substrate are rejected by a “coarse sieve”, while the reaction products of amino acids smaller than the cognate substrate will go through a “fine sieve” and be hydrolyzed. This “double-sieve” mechanism has been proposed for IleRS, a class I aminoacyl-tRNA s ...
... steps; amino acids larger than the cognate substrate are rejected by a “coarse sieve”, while the reaction products of amino acids smaller than the cognate substrate will go through a “fine sieve” and be hydrolyzed. This “double-sieve” mechanism has been proposed for IleRS, a class I aminoacyl-tRNA s ...
Extended spectrum beta-lactamases - Micro-Rao
... was designated as TEM-1. Within a decade this enzyme had spread to several members of Enterobacteriaceae as well as to Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonnorheae. In 1969, TEM-2, a closely related beta-lactamase was found in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate in Great Britain. It differed from TE ...
... was designated as TEM-1. Within a decade this enzyme had spread to several members of Enterobacteriaceae as well as to Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria gonnorheae. In 1969, TEM-2, a closely related beta-lactamase was found in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate in Great Britain. It differed from TE ...
Lecture 5 - Fermentation and CHO feeder
... Glycogen is primarily stored in the liver and is used to maintain blood glucose levels between meals But … neither G1P nor G6P can be transported out of liver cells Require separate pathway (below) to convert G6P to glucose for transport ...
... Glycogen is primarily stored in the liver and is used to maintain blood glucose levels between meals But … neither G1P nor G6P can be transported out of liver cells Require separate pathway (below) to convert G6P to glucose for transport ...
The tyrosine regulated DAHP synthase and the biosynthetic
... substitutions at the catalytic center (Lys112Ala, Arg114Ala and Arg180Ala), the amino acid residues located in the loops L2 and L4 were shown to be essential for catalysis. The structural elements of the allosteric site where the feedback-inhibitor tyrosine can be bound have to communicate to the ca ...
... substitutions at the catalytic center (Lys112Ala, Arg114Ala and Arg180Ala), the amino acid residues located in the loops L2 and L4 were shown to be essential for catalysis. The structural elements of the allosteric site where the feedback-inhibitor tyrosine can be bound have to communicate to the ca ...
On the origin of biochemistry at an alkaline hydrothermal vent
... on the acetyl-CoA (Wood–Ljungdahl) pathway of CO2 fixation and central intermediary metabolism leading to the synthesis of the constituents of purines and pyrimidines. The idea that acetogenesis and methanogenesis were the ancestral forms of energy metabolism among the first free-living eubacteria a ...
... on the acetyl-CoA (Wood–Ljungdahl) pathway of CO2 fixation and central intermediary metabolism leading to the synthesis of the constituents of purines and pyrimidines. The idea that acetogenesis and methanogenesis were the ancestral forms of energy metabolism among the first free-living eubacteria a ...
Suberin biosynthesis in O. sativa: characterisation of a cytochrome
... An organism is defined to be alive when it features certain characteristics: It has to have the ability to reproduce itself, a metabolism to absorb and convert energy from the environment and to build its own components, it has to be discrete from its surrounding media, and maintain its homoeostasis ...
... An organism is defined to be alive when it features certain characteristics: It has to have the ability to reproduce itself, a metabolism to absorb and convert energy from the environment and to build its own components, it has to be discrete from its surrounding media, and maintain its homoeostasis ...
Interactions between lactic and propionic acid bacteria
... rate and final cell mass (00600), No inhibition of growth was found. The growth of ail 4 strains of PAB was stimulated by Lb helveticus and Str thermophilus. The degree of stimulation of the PAB by the other LAB varied. In control and Lb helveticus RR whey, L lactate was used preferentially over 0 l ...
... rate and final cell mass (00600), No inhibition of growth was found. The growth of ail 4 strains of PAB was stimulated by Lb helveticus and Str thermophilus. The degree of stimulation of the PAB by the other LAB varied. In control and Lb helveticus RR whey, L lactate was used preferentially over 0 l ...
41 Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism
... acids. These molecules can be synthesized either from scratch, de novo, or salvaged from existing bases. Dietary uptake of purine and pyrimidine bases is low, because most of the ingested nucleic acids are metabolized by the intestinal epithelial cells. The de novo pathway of purine synthesis is com ...
... acids. These molecules can be synthesized either from scratch, de novo, or salvaged from existing bases. Dietary uptake of purine and pyrimidine bases is low, because most of the ingested nucleic acids are metabolized by the intestinal epithelial cells. The de novo pathway of purine synthesis is com ...
Factors Controlling the Stable Nitrogen Isotopic Composition (δ15N
... in δ13C values are generated during primary production and largely conserved during heterotrophic processing (e.g. [3,4]). Nitrogen isotopes are mainly used to infer trophic transfers as each trophic step results in an increase in the δ15N signal of biomass (e.g. [5,6]). More recently, the δ15N of s ...
... in δ13C values are generated during primary production and largely conserved during heterotrophic processing (e.g. [3,4]). Nitrogen isotopes are mainly used to infer trophic transfers as each trophic step results in an increase in the δ15N signal of biomass (e.g. [5,6]). More recently, the δ15N of s ...
7 Biochemistry of fermentation
... Micro-organisms sustain their life cycles via a large number of interrelated/complex metabolic pathways covering both biosynthetic and energy-yielding functions. Each individual metabolic pathway consists of many reactions which, in turn, are regulated by different enzyme systems, and hence it is th ...
... Micro-organisms sustain their life cycles via a large number of interrelated/complex metabolic pathways covering both biosynthetic and energy-yielding functions. Each individual metabolic pathway consists of many reactions which, in turn, are regulated by different enzyme systems, and hence it is th ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.