abbreviations and symbols for nucleic
... facilitate comparisons between two or more such extended molecules, as in the search for homologies. At the same time, it must retain sufficient flexibility to accommodate the large variety of polymers synthesized by poiymerases and be consistent, in this regard, with the rules governing the represe ...
... facilitate comparisons between two or more such extended molecules, as in the search for homologies. At the same time, it must retain sufficient flexibility to accommodate the large variety of polymers synthesized by poiymerases and be consistent, in this regard, with the rules governing the represe ...
Quantitative flux analysis reveals folate
... the medium (Extended Data Fig. 8). As has been observed previously both in vitro17,18 and in tumour models19, serine depletion impaired cell growth (Extended Data Fig. 8b). Consistent with one important downstream product of serine being NADPH, its removal decreased NADPH/ NADP1 (Extended Data Fig. ...
... the medium (Extended Data Fig. 8). As has been observed previously both in vitro17,18 and in tumour models19, serine depletion impaired cell growth (Extended Data Fig. 8b). Consistent with one important downstream product of serine being NADPH, its removal decreased NADPH/ NADP1 (Extended Data Fig. ...
Score A_c5_17022012
... (e) How many molecules of NADH and pyruvate are produced from one molecule of 1.3-bisphosphoglyerate? ___________________________________________ [2m] ...
... (e) How many molecules of NADH and pyruvate are produced from one molecule of 1.3-bisphosphoglyerate? ___________________________________________ [2m] ...
The Utilization by Yeasts of Acids of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
... malic acids for growth. Okunuki (1931)reported that species of the genus Rhodotorula and the genus Sporobolomyces seemed able to use citric, succinic and malic acids. In these experiments peptone was present in the growth medium in addition to the organic acid being tested. In 1948,Wickerham & Burto ...
... malic acids for growth. Okunuki (1931)reported that species of the genus Rhodotorula and the genus Sporobolomyces seemed able to use citric, succinic and malic acids. In these experiments peptone was present in the growth medium in addition to the organic acid being tested. In 1948,Wickerham & Burto ...
ATP
... The energy stored in ATP is released when ATP is hydrolysed by enzymes into ADP Further hydrolysis of ADP into AMP releases a similar quantity of energy BUT hydrolysis of AMP releases much less energy than the other two The energy is stored in the molecule as a whole, although the breaking of the bo ...
... The energy stored in ATP is released when ATP is hydrolysed by enzymes into ADP Further hydrolysis of ADP into AMP releases a similar quantity of energy BUT hydrolysis of AMP releases much less energy than the other two The energy is stored in the molecule as a whole, although the breaking of the bo ...
Document
... ambiguous or confusing, because PLA is not a polyacid (polyelectrolyte), but rather a polyester. ...
... ambiguous or confusing, because PLA is not a polyacid (polyelectrolyte), but rather a polyester. ...
Roles of the Methylcitrate and Methylmalonyl
... Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been a human pathogen for the history of mankind, but we are only now beginning to understand how it is able to survive and persist indefinitely in the host. Understanding carbon metabolism of the pathogen during infection is key, not only as a source of potential drug ...
... Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been a human pathogen for the history of mankind, but we are only now beginning to understand how it is able to survive and persist indefinitely in the host. Understanding carbon metabolism of the pathogen during infection is key, not only as a source of potential drug ...
Application of Synthetic Biology for Biopolymer
... PHB from lignocellulosic biomass may be reduced since both glucose and xylose fractions of the substrate can be used. Although the generated yeast strains were able to consume xylose and produce PHB, the production remained low. To tackle this problem, other enzymes from different ix ...
... PHB from lignocellulosic biomass may be reduced since both glucose and xylose fractions of the substrate can be used. Although the generated yeast strains were able to consume xylose and produce PHB, the production remained low. To tackle this problem, other enzymes from different ix ...
Multiple Disturbances of Free Fatty Acid Metabolism in
... The data suggest that in noninsulin-dependent diabetics, although free fatty acid production may be elevated because of obesity, the elevations in plasma free fatty acid concentrations are also a result of reduced removal, and fractional clearance of free fatty acid appears to be closely related to ...
... The data suggest that in noninsulin-dependent diabetics, although free fatty acid production may be elevated because of obesity, the elevations in plasma free fatty acid concentrations are also a result of reduced removal, and fractional clearance of free fatty acid appears to be closely related to ...
Interactions between lactic and propionic acid bacteria
... rate and final cell mass (00600), No inhibition of growth was found. The growth of ail 4 strains of PAB was stimulated by Lb helveticus and Str thermophilus. The degree of stimulation of the PAB by the other LAB varied. In control and Lb helveticus RR whey, L lactate was used preferentially over 0 l ...
... rate and final cell mass (00600), No inhibition of growth was found. The growth of ail 4 strains of PAB was stimulated by Lb helveticus and Str thermophilus. The degree of stimulation of the PAB by the other LAB varied. In control and Lb helveticus RR whey, L lactate was used preferentially over 0 l ...
Regeneration of Cofactors for Enzyme Biocatalysis
... CDP-choline for the synthesis of phospholipids. ATP is one of the cheapest cofactors, costing about $11/mmol, while other NTPs cost around $160/mmol (Sigma catalog 2003). Consequently, ATP is more frequently used as a phosphorylating agent and it has received more attention than other NTPs. The prod ...
... CDP-choline for the synthesis of phospholipids. ATP is one of the cheapest cofactors, costing about $11/mmol, while other NTPs cost around $160/mmol (Sigma catalog 2003). Consequently, ATP is more frequently used as a phosphorylating agent and it has received more attention than other NTPs. The prod ...
Purification and characterization of pyruvate decarboxylase from
... water, before being stored at -70 "C. Enzyme assay. Pyruvate decarboxylase activity was determined aerobically at 37 "C in a 1 ml reaction mixture containing 0.1 M-sodium hydrogen maleate buffer (pH 6.5), 30 mM-pyruvate, 0.1 mM-thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), 0.1 ~ M - M ~ S O0.3 , , mM-NADH and 15 uni ...
... water, before being stored at -70 "C. Enzyme assay. Pyruvate decarboxylase activity was determined aerobically at 37 "C in a 1 ml reaction mixture containing 0.1 M-sodium hydrogen maleate buffer (pH 6.5), 30 mM-pyruvate, 0.1 mM-thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), 0.1 ~ M - M ~ S O0.3 , , mM-NADH and 15 uni ...
Ideal Amino Acid Profile For Piglets
... Recent advances and update of the amino acids profile for piglets The increasing availability of crystalline amino acids (AA), as L-Tryptophan and L-Valine, has definitely changed the piglet feed structure and the way to deal with the nitrogen nutrition issue for these animals. Recently, the availab ...
... Recent advances and update of the amino acids profile for piglets The increasing availability of crystalline amino acids (AA), as L-Tryptophan and L-Valine, has definitely changed the piglet feed structure and the way to deal with the nitrogen nutrition issue for these animals. Recently, the availab ...
CHAPTER 15 - GLYCOGEN METABOLISM AND
... disease is an inherited disease whose main symptom is muscle cramps on exertion. Although synthesized normally, glycogen breakdown is compromised resulting in inadequate supply to meet ATP needs during exertion. Glycogen breakdown Glycogen consists of glucose residues linked by " 1,4 linkages with " ...
... disease is an inherited disease whose main symptom is muscle cramps on exertion. Although synthesized normally, glycogen breakdown is compromised resulting in inadequate supply to meet ATP needs during exertion. Glycogen breakdown Glycogen consists of glucose residues linked by " 1,4 linkages with " ...
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
... uptake (data not shown). The activities of assimilatory enzymes were also tested. In A. brasiliense, GDH and GOT activities were low. However, glutamate-grown cells had a highly active GS and an active ammonium carrier (Table 5). In A. lipoferum and A. amazonense, activities of GDH, GOT, GTP, or all ...
... uptake (data not shown). The activities of assimilatory enzymes were also tested. In A. brasiliense, GDH and GOT activities were low. However, glutamate-grown cells had a highly active GS and an active ammonium carrier (Table 5). In A. lipoferum and A. amazonense, activities of GDH, GOT, GTP, or all ...
2. Lect. Urea cycle
... pathway of gluconeogenesis can use the pyruvate to synthesize glucose, which can enter the blood and be used by muscle—a pathway called the glucose-alanine cycle. ...
... pathway of gluconeogenesis can use the pyruvate to synthesize glucose, which can enter the blood and be used by muscle—a pathway called the glucose-alanine cycle. ...
Acid CleavageLDeprotection in Fmoc/tBu Solid
... Commercially available with the first (C-terminal)-protected amino acid linked to the resin (from BACHEM Feinchemikalien AG, Switzerland). Commercially available with Fmoc protection, i.e., without amino acid loading (e.g., from BACHEM Feinchemikalien AG, Switzerland). Mtr as protecting group for Ar ...
... Commercially available with the first (C-terminal)-protected amino acid linked to the resin (from BACHEM Feinchemikalien AG, Switzerland). Commercially available with Fmoc protection, i.e., without amino acid loading (e.g., from BACHEM Feinchemikalien AG, Switzerland). Mtr as protecting group for Ar ...
Berleman, J. Analysis of inter-species interactions and
... Firmicutes, and the furanosyl borate diester (commonly called autoinducer 2, or AI-2) which is dependent on activity of the LuxS protein and present in many domains of bacteria. However, analysis of 818 currently available complete bacterial genomes indicates that only 322 (39%) of these genomes con ...
... Firmicutes, and the furanosyl borate diester (commonly called autoinducer 2, or AI-2) which is dependent on activity of the LuxS protein and present in many domains of bacteria. However, analysis of 818 currently available complete bacterial genomes indicates that only 322 (39%) of these genomes con ...
Membrane transporters in a human genome
... catalyzing the reactions, and genes that encode these enzymes. GENREs are available for more than 100 organisms, including human (Duarte et al., 2007; Thiele et al., 2013). GENREs can be easily converted into mathematical models and used for constraint-based modeling and analysis (COBRA), including ...
... catalyzing the reactions, and genes that encode these enzymes. GENREs are available for more than 100 organisms, including human (Duarte et al., 2007; Thiele et al., 2013). GENREs can be easily converted into mathematical models and used for constraint-based modeling and analysis (COBRA), including ...
WO 2012/149481 Al
... The therapies and therapeutic molecules cause a serotonin receptor to remain ...
... The therapies and therapeutic molecules cause a serotonin receptor to remain ...
Sun J, Ke J, Johnson JL, Nikolau BJ, Wurtele ES
... synthesis of a variety of phytochemicals (Com, 1981; Nikolau, et al., 1984). These include epicuticular waxes, suberin, flavonoids, stilbenoids, a variety of malonylated chemicals, and free malonic acid. Because malonyl-COA cannot freely move across membrane barriers, it must be formed in the subcel ...
... synthesis of a variety of phytochemicals (Com, 1981; Nikolau, et al., 1984). These include epicuticular waxes, suberin, flavonoids, stilbenoids, a variety of malonylated chemicals, and free malonic acid. Because malonyl-COA cannot freely move across membrane barriers, it must be formed in the subcel ...
Malonate decarboxylase of Pseudomonas putida is composed of
... subunit therefore apparently must catalyze another reaction required for the cyclic decarboxylation of malonate. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the O subunit, 1-SSLFAFPGQGAQQVGMLQRLPEGCGQLLEE-30 was similar to those of malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylases (EC 2.3.1.39), i.e. MdcH in gene cluster enc ...
... subunit therefore apparently must catalyze another reaction required for the cyclic decarboxylation of malonate. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the O subunit, 1-SSLFAFPGQGAQQVGMLQRLPEGCGQLLEE-30 was similar to those of malonyl-CoA:ACP transacylases (EC 2.3.1.39), i.e. MdcH in gene cluster enc ...
Citrate metabolism in lactic acid bacteria
... generally observed in different homofermentative lactic acid bacteria [50-53]. The complex mechanisms that are involved in regulation of pyruvate metabolism L. lactis will be discussed below. In Leuconostoc spp. isolated from dairy sources pyruvate metabolism is (much) less complex than in lactococc ...
... generally observed in different homofermentative lactic acid bacteria [50-53]. The complex mechanisms that are involved in regulation of pyruvate metabolism L. lactis will be discussed below. In Leuconostoc spp. isolated from dairy sources pyruvate metabolism is (much) less complex than in lactococc ...
Regulation of intermediary metabolism by protein acetylation
... mouse liver tissues and HeLa cells [10]. Notably, 277 acetylated peptides are derived from 133 proteins that are located in the mitochondrion, including many intermediary metabolic enzymes. The identification of multiple acetylated metabolic enzymes offered the first peek into the extent of acetylat ...
... mouse liver tissues and HeLa cells [10]. Notably, 277 acetylated peptides are derived from 133 proteins that are located in the mitochondrion, including many intermediary metabolic enzymes. The identification of multiple acetylated metabolic enzymes offered the first peek into the extent of acetylat ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.