Propionic Acid Degradation by Syntrophic Bacteria During
... Propionic acid, apart from butyric- and acetic acid, is an important intermediate produced during anaerobic degradation of organic matter and a precursor of a large amount of methane. Its accumulation during the process is however a common problem resulting in a failure of digesters and stagnation p ...
... Propionic acid, apart from butyric- and acetic acid, is an important intermediate produced during anaerobic degradation of organic matter and a precursor of a large amount of methane. Its accumulation during the process is however a common problem resulting in a failure of digesters and stagnation p ...
Different lipid A types in lipopolysaccharides of phototrophic and
... fatty acids, either directly linked to the backbone amino sugar or substituting the OH groups of amide-linked fatty acids (acyloxyacyl groups) (Fig. 2B, [21,22]). Lipid AOAc from Pseudomonas diminuta has even a backbone with disaccharidic 2,3-diaminoglucose [23]. It contains ester-bound phosphate an ...
... fatty acids, either directly linked to the backbone amino sugar or substituting the OH groups of amide-linked fatty acids (acyloxyacyl groups) (Fig. 2B, [21,22]). Lipid AOAc from Pseudomonas diminuta has even a backbone with disaccharidic 2,3-diaminoglucose [23]. It contains ester-bound phosphate an ...
as a PDF
... Systemic pH regulation was seen to involve two principal organs: the lungs, which adjust the pCO2 and the kidneys excreting acid or generating bicarbonate. The kidney of omnivorous mammals provides several mechanisms to counteract the development of metabolic acidosis: proximal tubular bicarbonate r ...
... Systemic pH regulation was seen to involve two principal organs: the lungs, which adjust the pCO2 and the kidneys excreting acid or generating bicarbonate. The kidney of omnivorous mammals provides several mechanisms to counteract the development of metabolic acidosis: proximal tubular bicarbonate r ...
Training Carnitine - Overview
... • Free CoA is an esssential element in the cell’s metabolic pathsways, cell membranes are impermeable to CoA • Carnitine controlls intracelluluar concentrations of acyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA and free CoA: reversible transforamtion of acylCoA and acetyl-CoA into acyl-Carnitine and acetyl-Carnitine, reactio ...
... • Free CoA is an esssential element in the cell’s metabolic pathsways, cell membranes are impermeable to CoA • Carnitine controlls intracelluluar concentrations of acyl-CoA, acetyl-CoA and free CoA: reversible transforamtion of acylCoA and acetyl-CoA into acyl-Carnitine and acetyl-Carnitine, reactio ...
Amino acid homeostasis and signalling in mammalian cells and
... The mTOR pathway — more precisely the mTORC1 complex — is the most well-known amino acid sensor [1–5]. Through its downstream effector p70S6 kinase and direct target 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), it regulates protein translation, while, through interaction with the ulk1 (UNC51-like kinase 1)/atg13 ...
... The mTOR pathway — more precisely the mTORC1 complex — is the most well-known amino acid sensor [1–5]. Through its downstream effector p70S6 kinase and direct target 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), it regulates protein translation, while, through interaction with the ulk1 (UNC51-like kinase 1)/atg13 ...
Interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
... Glucose metabolism Carbohydrates are a main source of energy and can be stored in the form of starch in plants and glycogen in animals. Carbohydrates are also part of the structural framework of both DNA and RNA and form structural elements in cell walls of bacteria and plants. An important group of ...
... Glucose metabolism Carbohydrates are a main source of energy and can be stored in the form of starch in plants and glycogen in animals. Carbohydrates are also part of the structural framework of both DNA and RNA and form structural elements in cell walls of bacteria and plants. An important group of ...
Origin of metabolism
... interactions at many scales. Despite these sources of complexity, metabolism also displays striking and robust regularities in the forms of modularity and hierarchy, which may be described compactly in terms of relatively few principles of composition. These regularities render metabolic architectur ...
... interactions at many scales. Despite these sources of complexity, metabolism also displays striking and robust regularities in the forms of modularity and hierarchy, which may be described compactly in terms of relatively few principles of composition. These regularities render metabolic architectur ...
Interactions between carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in
... Glucose metabolism Carbohydrates are a main source of energy and can be stored in the form of starch in plants and glycogen in animals. Carbohydrates are also part of the structural framework of both DNA and RNA and form structural elements in cell walls of bacteria and plants. An important group of ...
... Glucose metabolism Carbohydrates are a main source of energy and can be stored in the form of starch in plants and glycogen in animals. Carbohydrates are also part of the structural framework of both DNA and RNA and form structural elements in cell walls of bacteria and plants. An important group of ...
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
... Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners and any references to third-party trademarks, logos or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to impl ...
... Unless otherwise indicated herein, any third-party trademarks that may appear in this work are the property of their respective owners and any references to third-party trademarks, logos or other trade dress are for demonstrative or descriptive purposes only. Such references are not intended to impl ...
Biosynthesis of theanine (g-ethylamino-L
... of 15N into theanine in roots, shoots and cotyledons was examined (Fig. 5). When whole seedlings were used, incorporation of 15N into theanine in roots increased essentially linearly with incubation time. 15N was also incorporated into theanine in shoots, but at a lower rate than in roots. Incorpora ...
... of 15N into theanine in roots, shoots and cotyledons was examined (Fig. 5). When whole seedlings were used, incorporation of 15N into theanine in roots increased essentially linearly with incubation time. 15N was also incorporated into theanine in shoots, but at a lower rate than in roots. Incorpora ...
Journal of Applied Microbiology
... E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, the causal agent of potato blackleg in temperate zones. Analyses of serological reaction and fatty acid composition confirmed that the Brazilian strains differed from E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, but the sequence of 16S rDNA gene and the 16S-23S intergenic spac ...
... E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, the causal agent of potato blackleg in temperate zones. Analyses of serological reaction and fatty acid composition confirmed that the Brazilian strains differed from E. carotovora subsp. atroseptica, but the sequence of 16S rDNA gene and the 16S-23S intergenic spac ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
... Gluconeogenesis from oxalacetate, an important intermediate od Krebs cycle Accumulation of acetylcoenzyme A Ketonemia without hyperglycaemia Decreased albumin, phosphate depletion ...
... Gluconeogenesis from oxalacetate, an important intermediate od Krebs cycle Accumulation of acetylcoenzyme A Ketonemia without hyperglycaemia Decreased albumin, phosphate depletion ...
Regulation of thiamine synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for
... committed step towards ethanol production in alcoholic fermentation requires the ThDP-dependent enzyme PDC to catalyse the irreversible conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide (Figure 1A). Thiamine was confirmed to be the most important factor affecting pyruvate production in Torulo ...
... committed step towards ethanol production in alcoholic fermentation requires the ThDP-dependent enzyme PDC to catalyse the irreversible conversion of pyruvate to acetaldehyde and carbon dioxide (Figure 1A). Thiamine was confirmed to be the most important factor affecting pyruvate production in Torulo ...
variability of antioxidant activity among honeybee
... who reported that the major pollen types represented in any one bee pollen tends to be rather small. It has been claimed that bees are selective in their harvesting of pollen of wild over cultivated species of plants. It is of interest that in the present, as well as in other studies as yet not repo ...
... who reported that the major pollen types represented in any one bee pollen tends to be rather small. It has been claimed that bees are selective in their harvesting of pollen of wild over cultivated species of plants. It is of interest that in the present, as well as in other studies as yet not repo ...
Chemical polymerization of aniline in phenylphosphinic
... without purification ´ 100/g aniline. The oligomer fractions (containing oligomeric and secondary products) were determined by the difference between % conversion and % dry polymer after purification. The yield (%) represents the grams of dry purified polymer per 100 g aniline. The oxidation of anil ...
... without purification ´ 100/g aniline. The oligomer fractions (containing oligomeric and secondary products) were determined by the difference between % conversion and % dry polymer after purification. The yield (%) represents the grams of dry purified polymer per 100 g aniline. The oxidation of anil ...
Branched-chain amino acid restriction in Zucker
... In addition, hepatic activity of the branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, which is responsible for the first irreversible and rate limiting step in BCAA metabolism, is low in obese and insulin resistant animals [11,12]. This is due to increased expression of the BCKDH kinase, BDK, ...
... In addition, hepatic activity of the branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) complex, which is responsible for the first irreversible and rate limiting step in BCAA metabolism, is low in obese and insulin resistant animals [11,12]. This is due to increased expression of the BCKDH kinase, BDK, ...
Amino Acid Sequences of Peptides from a Tryptic Digest of a Urea
... Amino acid compo8ition of fraction8s IT/2-a 2 The average composition of this group of fractions was paper chromatography revealed only one component; (b) obtained by two methods: (a) by calculation from the; the peptide consisted of amino acids in simple integral measured compositions of fraction U ...
... Amino acid compo8ition of fraction8s IT/2-a 2 The average composition of this group of fractions was paper chromatography revealed only one component; (b) obtained by two methods: (a) by calculation from the; the peptide consisted of amino acids in simple integral measured compositions of fraction U ...
BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY Problem Unit Four
... that are initiated by epinephrine and glucagon and lead to the activation of phosphorylase and the inhibition of glycogen synthase. Include the following details: a) the binding sites for epinephrine and glucagon, b) the effect of epinephrine and glucagon on adenylate cyclase, c) the substrates and ...
... that are initiated by epinephrine and glucagon and lead to the activation of phosphorylase and the inhibition of glycogen synthase. Include the following details: a) the binding sites for epinephrine and glucagon, b) the effect of epinephrine and glucagon on adenylate cyclase, c) the substrates and ...
Vitamins and related Compounds
... exclusively by microorganisms and is found in the liver of animals bound to protein as methylcobalamin or 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. The vitamin must be hydrolyzed from protein in order to be active. Hydrolysis occurs in the stomach by gastric acid or in the intestine by trypsin digestion following ...
... exclusively by microorganisms and is found in the liver of animals bound to protein as methylcobalamin or 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin. The vitamin must be hydrolyzed from protein in order to be active. Hydrolysis occurs in the stomach by gastric acid or in the intestine by trypsin digestion following ...
Full-Text PDF
... most widely known function of citrate is its role in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle where it serves as the starting point for the generation of reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which then enter the electron transport chain to generate ATP (Figure 1). This citrate functioning in the TCA cycle ...
... most widely known function of citrate is its role in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle where it serves as the starting point for the generation of reducing equivalents NADH and FADH2, which then enter the electron transport chain to generate ATP (Figure 1). This citrate functioning in the TCA cycle ...
Purification and Physico-Chemical Analysis of Fractions from the
... charide, was essential for toxicity; but a more recent investigation of endotoxins from rough Salmonella strains led them to suggest more strongly that the lipid moiety ('lipid A') was 'the factor decisive for at least some endotoxic effects' (Liideritz & Westphal, 1966). They also believe that, wit ...
... charide, was essential for toxicity; but a more recent investigation of endotoxins from rough Salmonella strains led them to suggest more strongly that the lipid moiety ('lipid A') was 'the factor decisive for at least some endotoxic effects' (Liideritz & Westphal, 1966). They also believe that, wit ...
16 Gluconeogenesis
... readily converted into pyruvate in the liver by the action of lactate dehydrogenase. Amino acids are derived from proteins in the diet and, during starvation, from the breakdown of proteins in skeletal muscle (p. 483). The hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (p. 404) in fat cells yields glycerol and fatt ...
... readily converted into pyruvate in the liver by the action of lactate dehydrogenase. Amino acids are derived from proteins in the diet and, during starvation, from the breakdown of proteins in skeletal muscle (p. 483). The hydrolysis of triacylglycerols (p. 404) in fat cells yields glycerol and fatt ...
Glucose metabolism in Trypanosoma cruzi
... Glucose is taken up via one facilitated transporter and its catabolism by the glycolytic pathway leads to the excretion of reduced products, succinate and l‑alanine, even in the presence of oxygen; the first six enzymes are located in a peroxisome‑like organelle, the glycosome, and the lack of regul ...
... Glucose is taken up via one facilitated transporter and its catabolism by the glycolytic pathway leads to the excretion of reduced products, succinate and l‑alanine, even in the presence of oxygen; the first six enzymes are located in a peroxisome‑like organelle, the glycosome, and the lack of regul ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.