The effect of short chain fatty acids on glucose homeostasis
... the K+ channels and opens the Ca2+ channels in the membrane. The consequential influx of Ca2+ activates pyruvate dehydrogenase, leading to a higher conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which raises the ATP/ADP ratio further through the citric acid cycle. The concentration of p ...
... the K+ channels and opens the Ca2+ channels in the membrane. The consequential influx of Ca2+ activates pyruvate dehydrogenase, leading to a higher conversion of pyruvate into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA), which raises the ATP/ADP ratio further through the citric acid cycle. The concentration of p ...
Contribution of 13C-NMR spectroscopy to the elucidation of
... pyruvate and oxaloacetate are formed, respectively. These intermediates can be partially oxidized to acetate and partially reduced to propionate leading to stoichiometries as given in Table 2 (Eqs. 1 and 2). Also glutamate may be converted reductively to propionate (Table 2, Eq. 3). This was describ ...
... pyruvate and oxaloacetate are formed, respectively. These intermediates can be partially oxidized to acetate and partially reduced to propionate leading to stoichiometries as given in Table 2 (Eqs. 1 and 2). Also glutamate may be converted reductively to propionate (Table 2, Eq. 3). This was describ ...
The shikimate pathway in apicomplexan parasites: Implications for
... which is the dehydration of 3-dehydroquinate to 3dehydroshikimate. Dehydroquinases are classified into two distinct types (I and II), which are structurally and mechanistically different (see Table 1) (26, 27). Type I DHQases catalyze the syn dehydration of 3-dehydroquinate through the formation of ...
... which is the dehydration of 3-dehydroquinate to 3dehydroshikimate. Dehydroquinases are classified into two distinct types (I and II), which are structurally and mechanistically different (see Table 1) (26, 27). Type I DHQases catalyze the syn dehydration of 3-dehydroquinate through the formation of ...
PDF Full-text
... Silk, which is secreted by silkworms, spiders, mites, and pseudo-scorpions, is a generally fibrous protein that has attracted considerable attention due to its inherent optical and outstanding mechanical properties [1–4]. It has been widely used in high quality textile industries, but has recently p ...
... Silk, which is secreted by silkworms, spiders, mites, and pseudo-scorpions, is a generally fibrous protein that has attracted considerable attention due to its inherent optical and outstanding mechanical properties [1–4]. It has been widely used in high quality textile industries, but has recently p ...
Fermentation metabolism and its evolution in algae
... and acetate (Wolfe, 2005; Figure 1). During anaerobiosis, pyruvate is the major metabolite synthesized as a consequence of glycolysis. The pyruvate can be converted to formate and acetylcoenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by pyruvate formate lyase (Pfl; Wolfe, 2005; Figure 1). This conversion is a non-oxidative ...
... and acetate (Wolfe, 2005; Figure 1). During anaerobiosis, pyruvate is the major metabolite synthesized as a consequence of glycolysis. The pyruvate can be converted to formate and acetylcoenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) by pyruvate formate lyase (Pfl; Wolfe, 2005; Figure 1). This conversion is a non-oxidative ...
REDESIGN OF CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE SPECIFICITY BY PROTEIN ENGINEERING UNIVERSIDAD DE BARCELONA
... mit.) of 626 amino acids with a molecular mass of 71 kDa. The protein shows 96 and 90% identity with CrAT from mouse and human, respectively. The N-terminal end of the primary translation product has a 21 amino-acid sequence before the second methionine, which is the putative first amino acid in per ...
... mit.) of 626 amino acids with a molecular mass of 71 kDa. The protein shows 96 and 90% identity with CrAT from mouse and human, respectively. The N-terminal end of the primary translation product has a 21 amino-acid sequence before the second methionine, which is the putative first amino acid in per ...
Iron mediated methylthiolation of tRNA as a regulator of operon
... 3.5 ( Whatman 3MM paper (8)). Ap,Cp,Gp,Up and s Up (PL Biochemicals Inc.,USA) were used as markers. Radioactive compounds were obtained from The Radiochemical Centre, Amershara. Polypeptide synthesis in vitro E. ooli was grown in trypticase soy broth with or without ovotransferrin from an inoculum o ...
... 3.5 ( Whatman 3MM paper (8)). Ap,Cp,Gp,Up and s Up (PL Biochemicals Inc.,USA) were used as markers. Radioactive compounds were obtained from The Radiochemical Centre, Amershara. Polypeptide synthesis in vitro E. ooli was grown in trypticase soy broth with or without ovotransferrin from an inoculum o ...
Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Digestive Lipase in
... Some biochemical characteristics are similar to those found in mammalian digestive lipases: molecular masses of ∼40–50 kDa with an alkaline pI between 6.8 and 7.8 (Moreau et al. 1992; Miled et al. 2000). In crustaceans, lipases are liberated by B cells of the midgut gland (Loizzi and Peterson 1971) ...
... Some biochemical characteristics are similar to those found in mammalian digestive lipases: molecular masses of ∼40–50 kDa with an alkaline pI between 6.8 and 7.8 (Moreau et al. 1992; Miled et al. 2000). In crustaceans, lipases are liberated by B cells of the midgut gland (Loizzi and Peterson 1971) ...
Marine Biotecnology
... Some biochemical characteristics are similar to those found in mammalian digestive lipases: molecular masses of ∼40–50 kDa with an alkaline pI between 6.8 and 7.8 (Moreau et al. 1992; Miled et al. 2000). In crustaceans, lipases are liberated by B cells of the midgut gland (Loizzi and Peterson 1971) ...
... Some biochemical characteristics are similar to those found in mammalian digestive lipases: molecular masses of ∼40–50 kDa with an alkaline pI between 6.8 and 7.8 (Moreau et al. 1992; Miled et al. 2000). In crustaceans, lipases are liberated by B cells of the midgut gland (Loizzi and Peterson 1971) ...
Investigating the Role of ADP-forming Acetyl-CoA
... variety of organisms. When the incoming carbon flux surpasses the capacity of central metabolic pathways, excess acetyl-CoA will undergo fermentation and recycle CoA. An additional benefit of acetate fermentation is the generation of energy-containing compounds such as ATP. The production of acetate ...
... variety of organisms. When the incoming carbon flux surpasses the capacity of central metabolic pathways, excess acetyl-CoA will undergo fermentation and recycle CoA. An additional benefit of acetate fermentation is the generation of energy-containing compounds such as ATP. The production of acetate ...
- Wiley Online Library
... IFO 0005, ACII-3, was reported with a 54Æ5% reduced activity of PDC (Miyata and Yonehara 1999). The yield of pyruvate produced by strain ACII-3 was 15% higher than the parent strain. However, the mutant grew poorly on glucose (the sole carbon source) minimum medium. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PDC, ...
... IFO 0005, ACII-3, was reported with a 54Æ5% reduced activity of PDC (Miyata and Yonehara 1999). The yield of pyruvate produced by strain ACII-3 was 15% higher than the parent strain. However, the mutant grew poorly on glucose (the sole carbon source) minimum medium. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, PDC, ...
Redox balances in the metabolism of sugars by yeasts
... tributes to the synthesis of NADPH, as the enzyme also has a function in the generation of 2-oxoglutarate, the precursor of glutamate, in the cytoplasm. The fate of NADH in intermediary metabolism is much more complicated than that of NADPH. NADH is generated both in the cytosol (during glycolysis) ...
... tributes to the synthesis of NADPH, as the enzyme also has a function in the generation of 2-oxoglutarate, the precursor of glutamate, in the cytoplasm. The fate of NADH in intermediary metabolism is much more complicated than that of NADPH. NADH is generated both in the cytosol (during glycolysis) ...
Redox balances in the metabolism of sugars by yeasts
... tributes to the synthesis of NADPH, as the enzyme also has a function in the generation of 2-oxoglutarate, the precursor of glutamate, in the cytoplasm. The fate of NADH in intermediary metabolism is much more complicated than that of NADPH. NADH is generated both in the cytosol (during glycolysis) ...
... tributes to the synthesis of NADPH, as the enzyme also has a function in the generation of 2-oxoglutarate, the precursor of glutamate, in the cytoplasm. The fate of NADH in intermediary metabolism is much more complicated than that of NADPH. NADH is generated both in the cytosol (during glycolysis) ...
Nucleotide Metabolism - Oregon State University
... OMP Decarboxylase is one of the Most Efficient Enzymes Known and Makes UMP CTP is Synthesized from UTP by CTP Synthetase CTP Synthetase Activated by GTP, Inhibited by CTP and Phosphorylation CTP Synthetase Helps to Balance Purines and Pyrimidines ...
... OMP Decarboxylase is one of the Most Efficient Enzymes Known and Makes UMP CTP is Synthesized from UTP by CTP Synthetase CTP Synthetase Activated by GTP, Inhibited by CTP and Phosphorylation CTP Synthetase Helps to Balance Purines and Pyrimidines ...
Nucleotide Metabolism
... OMP Decarboxylase is one of the Most Efficient Enzymes Known and Makes UMP CTP is Synthesized from UTP by CTP Synthetase CTP Synthetase Activated by GTP, Inhibited by CTP and Phosphorylation CTP Synthetase Helps to Balance Purines and Pyrimidines ...
... OMP Decarboxylase is one of the Most Efficient Enzymes Known and Makes UMP CTP is Synthesized from UTP by CTP Synthetase CTP Synthetase Activated by GTP, Inhibited by CTP and Phosphorylation CTP Synthetase Helps to Balance Purines and Pyrimidines ...
Glycolysis
... -The direction of lactate dehydrogenase depends on the relative concentrations of pyruvate and lactate and the ratio NADH/NAD+ - in the liver and heart, the ratio of NADH/NAD+ is lower than in exercising muscle, these tissues oxidize lactate obtained from blood to pyruvate . -In the liver pyruvate i ...
... -The direction of lactate dehydrogenase depends on the relative concentrations of pyruvate and lactate and the ratio NADH/NAD+ - in the liver and heart, the ratio of NADH/NAD+ is lower than in exercising muscle, these tissues oxidize lactate obtained from blood to pyruvate . -In the liver pyruvate i ...
Molecular Plant-Microbio Interactions
... production by environmental factors takes place at or before autoinducer production. Moreover, the results show that autoinducer production not only is induced by a high optical density but also can be induced by certain environmental conditions. We discuss our findings in relation to the success of ...
... production by environmental factors takes place at or before autoinducer production. Moreover, the results show that autoinducer production not only is induced by a high optical density but also can be induced by certain environmental conditions. We discuss our findings in relation to the success of ...
Acne Vulgaris By Dr. Hala- Al- Salman M.B.Ch.B., F.I.B.M.S. Acne is
... Starting between 12-14 years, earlier in females. It’s a disease of adolescence, but it may continue up to the age of 30. The severe form of acne occurs more frequently in male, but the disease tend to be more persistent in females. ...
... Starting between 12-14 years, earlier in females. It’s a disease of adolescence, but it may continue up to the age of 30. The severe form of acne occurs more frequently in male, but the disease tend to be more persistent in females. ...
The enzymes of biotin dependent CO2 metabolism: What structures
... however, also showed the B-domain in an open conformation.23 In contrast, crystal structures of the apo biotin carboxylase domains from yeast acetylCoA carboxylase,24 human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2,25 and Bacillus thermodenitrificans pyruvate carboxylase26 all demonstrated conformations for the Bdom ...
... however, also showed the B-domain in an open conformation.23 In contrast, crystal structures of the apo biotin carboxylase domains from yeast acetylCoA carboxylase,24 human acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2,25 and Bacillus thermodenitrificans pyruvate carboxylase26 all demonstrated conformations for the Bdom ...
The Mechanism of Enterohepatic Circulation in the Formation of
... body. Hence, approximately 95 % of the bile acids distributed to the duodenum are reabsorbed into venous blood within the ileum and colon, and subsequently, through mesenteric vein, they arrive at the portal vein, finally they approach the sinusoids of the liver. And hepatocytes reuptake the bile ac ...
... body. Hence, approximately 95 % of the bile acids distributed to the duodenum are reabsorbed into venous blood within the ileum and colon, and subsequently, through mesenteric vein, they arrive at the portal vein, finally they approach the sinusoids of the liver. And hepatocytes reuptake the bile ac ...
Viva Voce : Orals in Biochemistry
... All the naturally occuring fatty acids have even number of ‘c’ atoms. Most predominant fatty acids which occur in nature are: (i) Palmitic acid H3C – (CH2)14– COOH (C16 fatty acid) (ii) Stearic acid H3C – (CH2)16– COOH (C18 fatty acid) ...
... All the naturally occuring fatty acids have even number of ‘c’ atoms. Most predominant fatty acids which occur in nature are: (i) Palmitic acid H3C – (CH2)14– COOH (C16 fatty acid) (ii) Stearic acid H3C – (CH2)16– COOH (C18 fatty acid) ...
SURVEY AND SUMMARY A profusion of upstream open reading
... the others. In the different groups the uCC varies in length from 100 codons in Pezizomycota to as few as 22 codons in Zygomycota. Although there is little amino acid conservation between uCCs from different phyla almost all examples have two adjacent proline residues near the C-terminus. In animals b ...
... the others. In the different groups the uCC varies in length from 100 codons in Pezizomycota to as few as 22 codons in Zygomycota. Although there is little amino acid conservation between uCCs from different phyla almost all examples have two adjacent proline residues near the C-terminus. In animals b ...
peptide guideline-Application notes.ai
... 4. Peptide solubility You can design peptides of varied solubility by changing the frequency of occurrence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids. Hydrophobic amino acid content is suggested to be kept below 50% with at least one charged residue incorporated within every five amino acids. In add ...
... 4. Peptide solubility You can design peptides of varied solubility by changing the frequency of occurrence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic amino acids. Hydrophobic amino acid content is suggested to be kept below 50% with at least one charged residue incorporated within every five amino acids. In add ...
Propionic Acid Degradation by Syntrophic Bacteria During
... Propionic acid, apart from butyric- and acetic acid, is an important intermediate produced during anaerobic degradation of organic matter and a precursor of a large amount of methane. Its accumulation during the process is however a common problem resulting in a failure of digesters and stagnation p ...
... Propionic acid, apart from butyric- and acetic acid, is an important intermediate produced during anaerobic degradation of organic matter and a precursor of a large amount of methane. Its accumulation during the process is however a common problem resulting in a failure of digesters and stagnation p ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.