Title Biotin Biosynthesis in Microorganisms (Commemoration Issue
... Since early studies of biotin biosynthesis, it has been recognized that DTB is converted to biotin during growth of various microorganisms.62-67> Using resting cells, biotin biosynthesis from DTB was demonstrated with some bacteria64,ss-79) and yeasts.71-74) There have been no studies on enzymic syn ...
... Since early studies of biotin biosynthesis, it has been recognized that DTB is converted to biotin during growth of various microorganisms.62-67> Using resting cells, biotin biosynthesis from DTB was demonstrated with some bacteria64,ss-79) and yeasts.71-74) There have been no studies on enzymic syn ...
Camp 1 - University of California, Santa Cruz
... H C OPO3 2 CH2 OH CH2 OPO3 22-Ph os phoglycerate ...
... H C OPO3 2 CH2 OH CH2 OPO3 22-Ph os phoglycerate ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... studied. Mutants impaired in the synthesis of uridine diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl (UDP-MurNAc)-pentapeptide or in the synthesis of murein amino acids were found. Their rate of murein synthesis at the restrictive temperature was decreased. A large number of mutants did not differ from the parent stra ...
... studied. Mutants impaired in the synthesis of uridine diphosphate-N-acetylmuramyl (UDP-MurNAc)-pentapeptide or in the synthesis of murein amino acids were found. Their rate of murein synthesis at the restrictive temperature was decreased. A large number of mutants did not differ from the parent stra ...
Organic Molecules
... Fats are large molecules made of 2 monomers : glycerol + fatty acids. There are two types of fatty acids - saturated and unsaturated. Functions of fats include : insulation, energy storage, shock absorber for internal organs (like bubble wrap!) ...
... Fats are large molecules made of 2 monomers : glycerol + fatty acids. There are two types of fatty acids - saturated and unsaturated. Functions of fats include : insulation, energy storage, shock absorber for internal organs (like bubble wrap!) ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the Production of Fermented
... Abstract: Alcoholic beverages are produced following the fermentation of sugars by yeasts, mainly (but not exclusively) strains of the species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sugary starting materials may emanate from cereal starches (which require enzymatic pre-hydrolysis) in the case of beers and w ...
... Abstract: Alcoholic beverages are produced following the fermentation of sugars by yeasts, mainly (but not exclusively) strains of the species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sugary starting materials may emanate from cereal starches (which require enzymatic pre-hydrolysis) in the case of beers and w ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the Production of Fermented
... Abstract: Alcoholic beverages are produced following the fermentation of sugars by yeasts, mainly (but not exclusively) strains of the species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sugary starting materials may emanate from cereal starches (which require enzymatic pre-hydrolysis) in the case of beers and w ...
... Abstract: Alcoholic beverages are produced following the fermentation of sugars by yeasts, mainly (but not exclusively) strains of the species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The sugary starting materials may emanate from cereal starches (which require enzymatic pre-hydrolysis) in the case of beers and w ...
Acetate formation in the photoheterotrophic bacterium Chloroflexus
... conversion of acetyl-CoA/acetate (acetyl-CoA + ADP + Pi ↔ acetate + ATP + CoA) were determined at 55 °C, pH 7.5. In both directions of the reaction, the rate dependence on the substrate concentrations followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The apparent Vmax and Km values in the direction of acetate for ...
... conversion of acetyl-CoA/acetate (acetyl-CoA + ADP + Pi ↔ acetate + ATP + CoA) were determined at 55 °C, pH 7.5. In both directions of the reaction, the rate dependence on the substrate concentrations followed Michaelis–Menten kinetics. The apparent Vmax and Km values in the direction of acetate for ...
Glutathione as an endogenous sulphur source in the
... the physiological significance of this regulation pattern by using mutants impaired in the first step of GSH biosynthesis. It was of interest to know if the regulation of other sulphur-related enzymes was also altered in these strains. In this paper, we present evidence that GSH might serve as an en ...
... the physiological significance of this regulation pattern by using mutants impaired in the first step of GSH biosynthesis. It was of interest to know if the regulation of other sulphur-related enzymes was also altered in these strains. In this paper, we present evidence that GSH might serve as an en ...
Lactic Acidosis
... Under normal aerobic conditions glucose is converted to pyruvate, which is in turn converted to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA then combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, and so enters the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle of biochemical reactions then produces water, CO2 and most importantly, ATP, the prim ...
... Under normal aerobic conditions glucose is converted to pyruvate, which is in turn converted to acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA then combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate, and so enters the Krebs cycle. The Krebs cycle of biochemical reactions then produces water, CO2 and most importantly, ATP, the prim ...
Enzyme Catalysis - faculty at Chemeketa
... affinity for the substrate. 1. It does not compete with the substrate for the active site. 2. It does not need to resemble the structure of the substrate. 3. Its’ effect cannot be reversed by increasing the substrate concentration. ...
... affinity for the substrate. 1. It does not compete with the substrate for the active site. 2. It does not need to resemble the structure of the substrate. 3. Its’ effect cannot be reversed by increasing the substrate concentration. ...
Oxidation of Fatty Acids Is the Source of Increased
... Proximal tubular cells (.90% of the kidney cortex) engage in active uptake and transepithelial transport of glucose, but only a small amount of glucose, if any, is used for ATP production (14). Moreover, diabetes causes a decrease in kidney glucose oxidation due to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydro ...
... Proximal tubular cells (.90% of the kidney cortex) engage in active uptake and transepithelial transport of glucose, but only a small amount of glucose, if any, is used for ATP production (14). Moreover, diabetes causes a decrease in kidney glucose oxidation due to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydro ...
Analysis and engineering of acetyl
... carbon cycle and, conseqffently, a strongly decreased negatifie impat on climate and enfiironment. Moreofier, the florld reserfie of fossil feedstocks is limited and ffneqffally distribffted. Additionally, the mild conditions ffnder flhich biotechnological processes are generally performed (ambient temperatffre a ...
... carbon cycle and, conseqffently, a strongly decreased negatifie impat on climate and enfiironment. Moreofier, the florld reserfie of fossil feedstocks is limited and ffneqffally distribffted. Additionally, the mild conditions ffnder flhich biotechnological processes are generally performed (ambient temperatffre a ...
A genomic view on syntrophic versus non-syntrophic
... first hydrolyzed and degraded by fermentative micro-organisms that produce hydrogen, carbon dioxide and organic compounds, typically organic acids (butyrate, propionate, acetate and formate) as products. In sulfate-reducing environments these compounds are the common substrates for sulfate-reducing m ...
... first hydrolyzed and degraded by fermentative micro-organisms that produce hydrogen, carbon dioxide and organic compounds, typically organic acids (butyrate, propionate, acetate and formate) as products. In sulfate-reducing environments these compounds are the common substrates for sulfate-reducing m ...
IMPLICATION OF LONG-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS IN GLUCOSE-INDUCED INSULIN SECRETION IN THE PANCREATIC -CELL
... Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, the result of either the failure of insulin production, or a combined defect in insulin production and action. This leads to the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Concurrent with the spread of the western lifestyle, which ...
... Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by uncontrolled hyperglycemia, the result of either the failure of insulin production, or a combined defect in insulin production and action. This leads to the dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Concurrent with the spread of the western lifestyle, which ...
New insight into the photoheterotrophic growth of the
... rubrum strain S1H (ATCC 25903), hereafter named S1H, was used to study acetate assimilation under anaerobic and phototrophic conditions, in accordance with the requirements of the MELiSSA project. The S1H strain differs from the S1 type strain only in its lower sensitivity to growth inhibition by L- ...
... rubrum strain S1H (ATCC 25903), hereafter named S1H, was used to study acetate assimilation under anaerobic and phototrophic conditions, in accordance with the requirements of the MELiSSA project. The S1H strain differs from the S1 type strain only in its lower sensitivity to growth inhibition by L- ...
A study on the efficient production of lactic acid with metabolically
... reduction of resources is gradually becoming serious. An important goal in the 21st century is to form a sustainable society that is in harmony with the earth. To achieve such a new society, it is necessary to create an original technology that harmonizes the global environment with maintenance of t ...
... reduction of resources is gradually becoming serious. An important goal in the 21st century is to form a sustainable society that is in harmony with the earth. To achieve such a new society, it is necessary to create an original technology that harmonizes the global environment with maintenance of t ...
[U-13C]propionate, phenylacetate, and acetaminophen
... and glucose-alanine cycles. Gluconeogenic flux, the difference between total anaplerotic inflow and total OAA-PYR recycling, represents net export of carbons from the metabolic network. Although carbons can leave the citric acid cycle through pathways other than gluconeogenesis (for example as aspar ...
... and glucose-alanine cycles. Gluconeogenic flux, the difference between total anaplerotic inflow and total OAA-PYR recycling, represents net export of carbons from the metabolic network. Although carbons can leave the citric acid cycle through pathways other than gluconeogenesis (for example as aspar ...
Enzymes in Milk: Their Function in the Mammary Gland, in Milk, and
... activity) and in the alveolar cells, the site of its synthesis. The extreme variation in enzyme levels in the milk of different species (34) suggests either species differences in the mechanism of milk secretion or a possible relationship between damage to the mammary cells and the state of developm ...
... activity) and in the alveolar cells, the site of its synthesis. The extreme variation in enzyme levels in the milk of different species (34) suggests either species differences in the mechanism of milk secretion or a possible relationship between damage to the mammary cells and the state of developm ...
Abstract Background The present study aimed to compare the
... medicine [1], [2] and [3]. Wild ginseng is grown in wild environments without artificial intervention, while the growth conditions of cultivated ginseng are artificially controlled. The medicinal components of ginseng reach stable levels only when the ginseng has matured. Because of their different ...
... medicine [1], [2] and [3]. Wild ginseng is grown in wild environments without artificial intervention, while the growth conditions of cultivated ginseng are artificially controlled. The medicinal components of ginseng reach stable levels only when the ginseng has matured. Because of their different ...
Chapter 5 Endocrine Regulation of Glucose - Rose
... The adipose tissue is the major site of fatty acid storage. Fatty acids are stored in the form of triacylglycerol, which is synthesized in the adipose tissue from glycerolphosphate and free fatty acids. The glycerol-phosphate used must be derived from glycolysis in the adipose tissue; free glycerol ...
... The adipose tissue is the major site of fatty acid storage. Fatty acids are stored in the form of triacylglycerol, which is synthesized in the adipose tissue from glycerolphosphate and free fatty acids. The glycerol-phosphate used must be derived from glycolysis in the adipose tissue; free glycerol ...
Effect of Aminoguanidine (Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor
... species, for example rat and human PDK2 proteins share greater than 95% identity in their primary amino acids sequence. The total number of amino acid residues varies among different PDK isomers, for example PDK1 has 436 residues, PDK2 and PDK4 have 407 residues and PDK3 has 406 residues [35]. The G ...
... species, for example rat and human PDK2 proteins share greater than 95% identity in their primary amino acids sequence. The total number of amino acid residues varies among different PDK isomers, for example PDK1 has 436 residues, PDK2 and PDK4 have 407 residues and PDK3 has 406 residues [35]. The G ...
Ammonia, urea production and pH regulation
... Within the liver, glutamate and glutamine are major sources of ammonia. Glutamate is released directly from protein, but more importantly it is formed from other amino acids (except lysine and threonine) released from protein breakdown in aminotransferase reactions. Glutamate is directly formed by d ...
... Within the liver, glutamate and glutamine are major sources of ammonia. Glutamate is released directly from protein, but more importantly it is formed from other amino acids (except lysine and threonine) released from protein breakdown in aminotransferase reactions. Glutamate is directly formed by d ...
The Metabolism of Acetate by the Blue-green Algae
... in the presence of sodium acetate and absence of carbon dioxide were unsuccessful. The failure of acetate and other substrates to stimulate respiration in blue-green algae has been known for some time (Kratz & Myers, 1955b)and in our experiments A . variabilis was no exception. Over a range of p H v ...
... in the presence of sodium acetate and absence of carbon dioxide were unsuccessful. The failure of acetate and other substrates to stimulate respiration in blue-green algae has been known for some time (Kratz & Myers, 1955b)and in our experiments A . variabilis was no exception. Over a range of p H v ...
Engineering of polyketide biosynthetic pathways for bioactive
... One goal of this research is to create an efficient method to produce pharmaceutically important molecules. Seven biosynthetic genes from plants and bacteria were used to establish a variety of complete biosynthetic pathways in Escherichia coli to make valuable plant natural products, including four ...
... One goal of this research is to create an efficient method to produce pharmaceutically important molecules. Seven biosynthetic genes from plants and bacteria were used to establish a variety of complete biosynthetic pathways in Escherichia coli to make valuable plant natural products, including four ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.