Carnitine-Metabolism and Functions
... histone and a variety of proteins. It is not known whether more than one enzyme is active in protein lysine methylation. Mono-, di-, and trimethylated lysines are all found in different proteins (321), but only the trimethyllysine is converted to carnitine (235). The same derivatives have been isola ...
... histone and a variety of proteins. It is not known whether more than one enzyme is active in protein lysine methylation. Mono-, di-, and trimethylated lysines are all found in different proteins (321), but only the trimethyllysine is converted to carnitine (235). The same derivatives have been isola ...
Formation and breakdown of ABA
... Fig. 1. Overall scheme for (1)-abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism in a representative higher plant cell. The first biosynthetic steps from zeaxanthin to violaxanthin leading to epoxycarotenoid cleavage take place in the plastid. The cleavage product, xanthoxin, leaves the plastid (by an unknown mechanis ...
... Fig. 1. Overall scheme for (1)-abscisic acid (ABA) metabolism in a representative higher plant cell. The first biosynthetic steps from zeaxanthin to violaxanthin leading to epoxycarotenoid cleavage take place in the plastid. The cleavage product, xanthoxin, leaves the plastid (by an unknown mechanis ...
Chocolate Flavour Review - Author`s Copy, CRFSN 2008
... phenylalanine, and tyrosine released during fermentation by aspartic proteinase and carboxypeptidase activities (Voigt et al., 1993, 1994a) contribute to flavor (Mohr et al., 1976) by reacting with fructose and glucose (Lopez et al., 1978). Cocoa fermentation protein breakdown has been characterized ...
... phenylalanine, and tyrosine released during fermentation by aspartic proteinase and carboxypeptidase activities (Voigt et al., 1993, 1994a) contribute to flavor (Mohr et al., 1976) by reacting with fructose and glucose (Lopez et al., 1978). Cocoa fermentation protein breakdown has been characterized ...
Studies of the Physiology, Pharmacology, and Biochemistry of the
... and extensive study of the subject, Reinert (I01) was unable to find any evidence that the coleoptile contains a significant amount of any auxin other than IAA. This conclusion is based on the fact that the coleoptile auxin is completely destroyed by heating in acid, that it is destroyed by the IAA ...
... and extensive study of the subject, Reinert (I01) was unable to find any evidence that the coleoptile contains a significant amount of any auxin other than IAA. This conclusion is based on the fact that the coleoptile auxin is completely destroyed by heating in acid, that it is destroyed by the IAA ...
cerevisiae - Oxford Academic
... essential member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of proteins (6). Translation termination is an efficient process, essential for the correct expression of proteins. Termination efficiency can be influenced by a number of factors, including the nucleotide context of the stop codon (7), the i ...
... essential member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family of proteins (6). Translation termination is an efficient process, essential for the correct expression of proteins. Termination efficiency can be influenced by a number of factors, including the nucleotide context of the stop codon (7), the i ...
University of Groningen Citrate driven transamination for
... citrate with one proton and exchange of divalent citrate with monovalent L-lactate (Fig. 2) (2, 3, 57, 64). Since the former was much slower than the latter, it was concluded that CitP is a symporter that has been optimized to catalyze exchange under physiological conditions during citrate/carbohydr ...
... citrate with one proton and exchange of divalent citrate with monovalent L-lactate (Fig. 2) (2, 3, 57, 64). Since the former was much slower than the latter, it was concluded that CitP is a symporter that has been optimized to catalyze exchange under physiological conditions during citrate/carbohydr ...
Full Text
... bond on the nonreducing end of iduronic acid, heparinase III (HepIII) cleaves HS at the nonreducing end of glucuronic acid, while heparinase II (HepII) can depolymerize both heparin and HS. These enzymes have been classified to three different PL families. HepI belongs to the PL13 family, HepIII to PL ...
... bond on the nonreducing end of iduronic acid, heparinase III (HepIII) cleaves HS at the nonreducing end of glucuronic acid, while heparinase II (HepII) can depolymerize both heparin and HS. These enzymes have been classified to three different PL families. HepI belongs to the PL13 family, HepIII to PL ...
Streptococcus faecium - International Journal of Systematic and
... tol, L-sorbose, dulcitol, a-methyl-D-mannoside, a-methyl-Dglucoside, melibiose, inulin, D-raffinose, glycogen, xylitol, D-turanose, D-lyxose, D-arabitol, L-arabitol, and 5-ketogluconate. Acid may be produced from rhamnose, sorbitol, melezitose, amidon, gluconate, and 2-keto-gluconate. The final pH i ...
... tol, L-sorbose, dulcitol, a-methyl-D-mannoside, a-methyl-Dglucoside, melibiose, inulin, D-raffinose, glycogen, xylitol, D-turanose, D-lyxose, D-arabitol, L-arabitol, and 5-ketogluconate. Acid may be produced from rhamnose, sorbitol, melezitose, amidon, gluconate, and 2-keto-gluconate. The final pH i ...
Effects of low crude-protein diets fortified with crystalline amino acids
... protein. When corn and SBM are used to supply all of the protein, the diet contains amino acids in excess of the pigs' or broilers' requirements. The balance of amino acids in a given corn-SBM diet is different from that needed by the animal because sufficient protein must be added to meet or exceed ...
... protein. When corn and SBM are used to supply all of the protein, the diet contains amino acids in excess of the pigs' or broilers' requirements. The balance of amino acids in a given corn-SBM diet is different from that needed by the animal because sufficient protein must be added to meet or exceed ...
DISCOVERY OF ENZYMES RESPONSIBLE FOR AN ALTERNATE
... Archaea are single-celled microorganisms that represent the Third Domain of Life. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that these microbes are one of the three direct lineages that emerged from the primordial world (1). The differences between these lineages were discovered to be so profound that it require ...
... Archaea are single-celled microorganisms that represent the Third Domain of Life. Phylogenetic analyses reveal that these microbes are one of the three direct lineages that emerged from the primordial world (1). The differences between these lineages were discovered to be so profound that it require ...
Owens et al., 1998, Acidosis in cattle: a review.
... because ruminal concentrations normally are extremely low. However, in incubations by Slyter (1976) and engorgement studies by Horn et al. (1979), glucose concentrations in the rumen often exceeded 160 mg/dL, a concentration greater than that found in blood. In one of our acidosis studies, ruminal g ...
... because ruminal concentrations normally are extremely low. However, in incubations by Slyter (1976) and engorgement studies by Horn et al. (1979), glucose concentrations in the rumen often exceeded 160 mg/dL, a concentration greater than that found in blood. In one of our acidosis studies, ruminal g ...
Hormonal Control of Glucose Metabolism
... stimulates the dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase kinase, leading to an inhibition of glycogenolysis and an activation of glycogen synthesis. If this enzyme is present in liver and is activated by insulin, it could be involved in the inhibition of glycogenolysis. ...
... stimulates the dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase kinase, leading to an inhibition of glycogenolysis and an activation of glycogen synthesis. If this enzyme is present in liver and is activated by insulin, it could be involved in the inhibition of glycogenolysis. ...
Mechanism of citric acid accumulation by Aspergillus niger in solid
... Measurements of intracellular concentrations of products of certain enzymes and adenine nucleotides were conducted in order to assess the in vivo catalytic function of the enzymes of interest. It was concluded that internal accumulation of citrate or oxalate is an immediate cause of its excretion. S ...
... Measurements of intracellular concentrations of products of certain enzymes and adenine nucleotides were conducted in order to assess the in vivo catalytic function of the enzymes of interest. It was concluded that internal accumulation of citrate or oxalate is an immediate cause of its excretion. S ...
Quality control in tRNA charging — editing of homocysteine
... LysRS, ProRS, PheRS, and ThrRS are less accurate and have the ability to misactivate non-cognate amino acids (reaction 1). Misactivation occurs because there is a limited scope for structural variation among related amino acids. Pauling first recognized this problem in 1957, well before the mechanis ...
... LysRS, ProRS, PheRS, and ThrRS are less accurate and have the ability to misactivate non-cognate amino acids (reaction 1). Misactivation occurs because there is a limited scope for structural variation among related amino acids. Pauling first recognized this problem in 1957, well before the mechanis ...
Contents - Elsevier
... and NADP+, differing only in the presence or absence of an extra phosphate group? One important answer is that they are members of two different oxidation– reduction systems, both based on nicotinamide but functionally independent. The experimentally measured ratio [NAD+] / [NADH] is much higher tha ...
... and NADP+, differing only in the presence or absence of an extra phosphate group? One important answer is that they are members of two different oxidation– reduction systems, both based on nicotinamide but functionally independent. The experimentally measured ratio [NAD+] / [NADH] is much higher tha ...
physiological reviews
... action of these cofactors, have been selected for a more detailed discussion. L4n evaluation of the data on coenzyme III will not be presented, since the subject has been reviewed elsewhere (8). This cofactor, obtained from yeast, appears to be closely related to DPN and can be converted into DPN by ...
... action of these cofactors, have been selected for a more detailed discussion. L4n evaluation of the data on coenzyme III will not be presented, since the subject has been reviewed elsewhere (8). This cofactor, obtained from yeast, appears to be closely related to DPN and can be converted into DPN by ...
Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Hepatic Glucose Metabolism
... of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) (1.7 mol 䡠 kg⫺1 䡠 min⫺1) (Sigma) was also started at ⫺120 min, continuing until 0 min. At 0 min, a constant peripheral infusion of somatostatin (0.8 g 䡠 kg⫺1 䡠 min⫺1) (Bachem, Torrance, CA) was begun to suppress endogenous insulin and glucagon secretion, and porcine i ...
... of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) (1.7 mol 䡠 kg⫺1 䡠 min⫺1) (Sigma) was also started at ⫺120 min, continuing until 0 min. At 0 min, a constant peripheral infusion of somatostatin (0.8 g 䡠 kg⫺1 䡠 min⫺1) (Bachem, Torrance, CA) was begun to suppress endogenous insulin and glucagon secretion, and porcine i ...
principles of metabolic regulation: glucose and glycogen
... play discrete roles in the cell’s economy, no such separation exists inside the cell. Rather, each of the pathways we discuss in this book is inextricably intertwined with all the other cellular pathways in a multidimensional network of reactions (Fig. 15–1). For example, in Chapter 14 we discussed ...
... play discrete roles in the cell’s economy, no such separation exists inside the cell. Rather, each of the pathways we discuss in this book is inextricably intertwined with all the other cellular pathways in a multidimensional network of reactions (Fig. 15–1). For example, in Chapter 14 we discussed ...
Mitochondria as a Pharmacological Target
... II. Mitochondria and the cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. Mitochondria in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. The mit ...
... II. Mitochondria and the cell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III. Mitochondria in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. The mit ...
Acute hibernation decreases myocardial pyruvate carboxylation and
... causes an increase in the net efflux of the CAC intermediate succinate (15, 24, 25). Although this suggests a net loss of CAC intermediates during ischemia, it is not clear whether ischemia results in depletion of the pool of CAC intermediates (11, 15, 24). The tissue content of CAC intermediates is ...
... causes an increase in the net efflux of the CAC intermediate succinate (15, 24, 25). Although this suggests a net loss of CAC intermediates during ischemia, it is not clear whether ischemia results in depletion of the pool of CAC intermediates (11, 15, 24). The tissue content of CAC intermediates is ...
CHARACTERIZATION OF B-LACTAMASES FROM TWO B
... traditional diagnostic biochemical tests according to Wong et al., 1984; Degtyar et al., 1985 and Gilardi, 1971 and 1992 as well as with the API 2oE system. These two isolates were designated as P.aeruginosa Z 33 and P.aeruginosa Z 90. The two tested P.aeruginosa isolates were described for their an ...
... traditional diagnostic biochemical tests according to Wong et al., 1984; Degtyar et al., 1985 and Gilardi, 1971 and 1992 as well as with the API 2oE system. These two isolates were designated as P.aeruginosa Z 33 and P.aeruginosa Z 90. The two tested P.aeruginosa isolates were described for their an ...
Glycogen!Metabolism! ! Glycogen$→!Principal!storage!form!of
... Fates$of$GlucoseI6IPhosphate$$ - In!skeletal!muscle!G6P!may!enter!glycolysis!and!serve!as!an!energy!source!! - In!liver!G6P!may!be!dephosphorylated!(to!glucose)!for!release!into!the!blood!to!be! transported! o Reaction!catalysed!by!Glucose=6=phosphatase! - Glucose=6=Phosphatase!catalyses!the!followi ...
... Fates$of$GlucoseI6IPhosphate$$ - In!skeletal!muscle!G6P!may!enter!glycolysis!and!serve!as!an!energy!source!! - In!liver!G6P!may!be!dephosphorylated!(to!glucose)!for!release!into!the!blood!to!be! transported! o Reaction!catalysed!by!Glucose=6=phosphatase! - Glucose=6=Phosphatase!catalyses!the!followi ...
Journal of Bacteriology
... considerable amount of activity was lost during incubation of the enzyme for 10 min at this temperature, probably because cofactors or substrates or both, which may protect the enzyme, were lacking. We were surprised to find that the specific activity of the L-alanine adding enzyme of E. coli strain ...
... considerable amount of activity was lost during incubation of the enzyme for 10 min at this temperature, probably because cofactors or substrates or both, which may protect the enzyme, were lacking. We were surprised to find that the specific activity of the L-alanine adding enzyme of E. coli strain ...
BIOTRANSFORMATION OF DRUGS
... group, ammonia, a halogen atom, or sulfur atom; such reactions are called oxidative dealkylation, oxidative deamination, oxidative dehalogenation, and oxidative desulfuration, respectively. CYP can also catalyze dehydrogenation, i.e. removal of 2 H atoms from a drug molecule (this is how the reactiv ...
... group, ammonia, a halogen atom, or sulfur atom; such reactions are called oxidative dealkylation, oxidative deamination, oxidative dehalogenation, and oxidative desulfuration, respectively. CYP can also catalyze dehydrogenation, i.e. removal of 2 H atoms from a drug molecule (this is how the reactiv ...
Kinetics of Peroxynitrite Reaction with Amino Acids and Human
... plots of the rate constant with the sulfhydryl versus pH were bell-shaped. The kinetics of peroxynitrite reaction with all free L-amino acids were determined under pseudo-first order conditions. The most reactive amino acids were cysteine, methionine, and tryptophan. Histidine, leucine, and phenylal ...
... plots of the rate constant with the sulfhydryl versus pH were bell-shaped. The kinetics of peroxynitrite reaction with all free L-amino acids were determined under pseudo-first order conditions. The most reactive amino acids were cysteine, methionine, and tryptophan. Histidine, leucine, and phenylal ...
Fatty acid synthesis
Fatty acid synthesis is the creation of fatty acids from acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA precursors through action of enzymes called fatty acid synthases. It is an important part of the lipogenesis process, which – together with glycolysis – functions to create fats from blood sugar in living organisms.