Towards the Molecular Basis of Sperm and Egg Interaction during
... During the past 2 decades, a number of genes have been cloned from mammals which encode polypeptides that participate in the process of fertilization. Among these are glycoproteins ZP1–3 that constitute the zona pellucida of eggs from mice to human beings. In mice, one of these glycoproteins, mZP3, ...
... During the past 2 decades, a number of genes have been cloned from mammals which encode polypeptides that participate in the process of fertilization. Among these are glycoproteins ZP1–3 that constitute the zona pellucida of eggs from mice to human beings. In mice, one of these glycoproteins, mZP3, ...
Metabolic rate depression in animals
... becomes intermittent, and kidney filtration rate is reduced. Organisms do not eat so the energetic costs of digestion, nutrient absorption, and peristalsis are eliminated. A substantial part of total energy savings comes from the suppression of these physiological activities. Metabolic rate is also i ...
... becomes intermittent, and kidney filtration rate is reduced. Organisms do not eat so the energetic costs of digestion, nutrient absorption, and peristalsis are eliminated. A substantial part of total energy savings comes from the suppression of these physiological activities. Metabolic rate is also i ...
Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling by
... proteins directly (through phosphorylated Y1045) as well as indirectly (through LRIG1), with both mechanisms acting additively to maximise EGFR ubiquitylation and its subsequent EGFR degradation (Fig. 2A). Ectopically expressed LRIG1 also affects the basal rate of EGFR degradation (Laederich et al., ...
... proteins directly (through phosphorylated Y1045) as well as indirectly (through LRIG1), with both mechanisms acting additively to maximise EGFR ubiquitylation and its subsequent EGFR degradation (Fig. 2A). Ectopically expressed LRIG1 also affects the basal rate of EGFR degradation (Laederich et al., ...
Determination of Protein Molecular Weight
... Proteins exhibit different three-dimensional shapes and folding patterns which are determined by their amino acid sequences and intracellular processing. The precise three-dimensional configuration of a protein is critical to its function. The shapes these molecules can have are spherical, elliptica ...
... Proteins exhibit different three-dimensional shapes and folding patterns which are determined by their amino acid sequences and intracellular processing. The precise three-dimensional configuration of a protein is critical to its function. The shapes these molecules can have are spherical, elliptica ...
The Pathogen-Actin Connection: A Platform for Defense Signaling in
... many of these processes are regulated through the activity of the MAPK signaling cascade. MAPK signaling is a tightly regulated process that governs a host of developmental (73), reproductive (125), and stress processes (reviewed in 103). In mammalian cells, actin filament assembly is regulated by bo ...
... many of these processes are regulated through the activity of the MAPK signaling cascade. MAPK signaling is a tightly regulated process that governs a host of developmental (73), reproductive (125), and stress processes (reviewed in 103). In mammalian cells, actin filament assembly is regulated by bo ...
Protein Structure - Macmillan Learning
... other side chains through hydrogen bonds. Recall from Chapter 3 that hydrogen bonds are interactions between a donor hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom, and an acceptor atom that usually has a lone pair of electrons. Examples of donor groups are the hydroxyl groups of ...
... other side chains through hydrogen bonds. Recall from Chapter 3 that hydrogen bonds are interactions between a donor hydrogen atom that is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom, and an acceptor atom that usually has a lone pair of electrons. Examples of donor groups are the hydroxyl groups of ...
Fulltext - Jultika
... suggest that Tyr94 and Trp311 play critical roles in catalysis. A pocket was found in the structure extending away from the catalytic site that can accommodate fatty acyl chains up to 16 carbons. An acyl carrier protein (ACP) binding site was also suggested. To study the physiological function of mo ...
... suggest that Tyr94 and Trp311 play critical roles in catalysis. A pocket was found in the structure extending away from the catalytic site that can accommodate fatty acyl chains up to 16 carbons. An acyl carrier protein (ACP) binding site was also suggested. To study the physiological function of mo ...
Reactive cysteine in proteins: Protein folding - Genoma
... to reduce mixed disulfides with glutathione. Thioredoxins reduce a wider range of disulfides in proteins than glutaredoxins, but cannot reduce mixed disulfides with glutathione. The disulfide form of glutaredoxin is reduced by glutathione, which is then reduced by NADPH in a reaction catalyzed by gl ...
... to reduce mixed disulfides with glutathione. Thioredoxins reduce a wider range of disulfides in proteins than glutaredoxins, but cannot reduce mixed disulfides with glutathione. The disulfide form of glutaredoxin is reduced by glutathione, which is then reduced by NADPH in a reaction catalyzed by gl ...
Progesterone-stimulated intracellular calcium increase in human
... Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Unità di Andrologia, Università di Firenze, viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Firenze, Italy 1To ...
... Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Clinica, Unità di Andrologia, Università di Firenze, viale Pieraccini 6, I-50139 Firenze, Italy 1To ...
AD_________________ Award Number: W81XWH-07-1-0202
... effective therapeutic regimen available for this cancer. Hormonal treatment is the most effective therapy in advanced cancer, however, almost all the patients who undergo hormonal therapy inevitably develop hormone-resistant tumors. Therefore, developing a better therapeutic agent by targeting a spe ...
... effective therapeutic regimen available for this cancer. Hormonal treatment is the most effective therapy in advanced cancer, however, almost all the patients who undergo hormonal therapy inevitably develop hormone-resistant tumors. Therefore, developing a better therapeutic agent by targeting a spe ...
Molecular characterization of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1C Esther Gratacòs i Batlle
... WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reprod ...
... WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tesisenxarxa.net) service has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reprod ...
M261 MHC class I antigen presentation April 17, 2000
... The antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes a complex of antigenic peptide and MHC. One consequence of this is that a T cell specific for peptide x and a particular MHC allele, MHCa (left panel), will not recognize the complex of peptide x with a different MHC allele, MHCb (center panel), ...
... The antigen-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) recognizes a complex of antigenic peptide and MHC. One consequence of this is that a T cell specific for peptide x and a particular MHC allele, MHCa (left panel), will not recognize the complex of peptide x with a different MHC allele, MHCb (center panel), ...
here - Newtricious
... molecules within the retina affect, and are effected by such conditions. These molecules operate within complex systems and include compounds classified as eicosanoids, angiogenic factors, matrix metalloproteinases, reactive oxygen species, cyclic nucleotides, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, p ...
... molecules within the retina affect, and are effected by such conditions. These molecules operate within complex systems and include compounds classified as eicosanoids, angiogenic factors, matrix metalloproteinases, reactive oxygen species, cyclic nucleotides, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, p ...
5 Molecular basis of type-2 diabetes
... hormone has restrained functions on glucose output and lipolysis [6, 7]. In the fasting state, decreased plasma insulin concentration and increased counterinsulin hormones, such as glucagons, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines, contribute to glucose output via glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis ...
... hormone has restrained functions on glucose output and lipolysis [6, 7]. In the fasting state, decreased plasma insulin concentration and increased counterinsulin hormones, such as glucagons, glucocorticoids, and catecholamines, contribute to glucose output via glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis ...
and gender-specific hallmarks
... coverage and results in a poor representation of low-abundant or very hydrophobic proteins as well as those with extreme pI and molecular weight13,14. On the other hand, current high-throughput proteomic techniques enable reliable detection and quantitation of thousands of proteins in complex proteo ...
... coverage and results in a poor representation of low-abundant or very hydrophobic proteins as well as those with extreme pI and molecular weight13,14. On the other hand, current high-throughput proteomic techniques enable reliable detection and quantitation of thousands of proteins in complex proteo ...
Chapter 12
... low-affinity binding-site for repressor. • The large number of low-affinity sites ensures that all repressor protein is bound to DNA. • Repressor binds to the operator by moving from a lowaffinity site rather than by equilibrating from solution. ...
... low-affinity binding-site for repressor. • The large number of low-affinity sites ensures that all repressor protein is bound to DNA. • Repressor binds to the operator by moving from a lowaffinity site rather than by equilibrating from solution. ...
EGFR/Ras Signaling Controls Drosophila Intestinal Stem
... Cic Controls Stem Cell Proliferation in Fly Midgut ...
... Cic Controls Stem Cell Proliferation in Fly Midgut ...
Involvement of CD14 and Complement Receptors CR3 and CR4 in
... mice show a significant delay in apoptosis of extravasated neutrophils (29), demonstrating a role for CR3 in apoptotic cell death. In addition to CD14, CR3 and CR4 have been reported to mediate cell activation following LPS binding. Indeed, transfection of CR3 or CR4 cDNA into CHO cells confers upon ...
... mice show a significant delay in apoptosis of extravasated neutrophils (29), demonstrating a role for CR3 in apoptotic cell death. In addition to CD14, CR3 and CR4 have been reported to mediate cell activation following LPS binding. Indeed, transfection of CR3 or CR4 cDNA into CHO cells confers upon ...
Determination of protein regions responsible for interactions of
... components of the enamel extracellular matrix, including ameloblastin [2], enamelin [3] and amelotin [4], our understanding of enamel formation has advanced significantly. The expression of these structural proteins remains relatively unique to the developing tooth organ; primarily to the ectoderm-d ...
... components of the enamel extracellular matrix, including ameloblastin [2], enamelin [3] and amelotin [4], our understanding of enamel formation has advanced significantly. The expression of these structural proteins remains relatively unique to the developing tooth organ; primarily to the ectoderm-d ...
An evolutionarily conserved mechanism for cAMP elicited axonal
... promote axonal regeneration are not known. Much attention has focused upon the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), since constitutive activation of CREB is sufficient to stimulate axonal regeneration in the presence of CNS myelin in vivo (Gao et al., 2004). However, more recent studies i ...
... promote axonal regeneration are not known. Much attention has focused upon the cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB), since constitutive activation of CREB is sufficient to stimulate axonal regeneration in the presence of CNS myelin in vivo (Gao et al., 2004). However, more recent studies i ...
Gluconeogenesis, Glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose
... this level in order to have a constant supply for the glucose dependent tissues. Four tissues are dependent upon glucose alone for energy generation. Red blood cells are absolutely glucose dependent since they have only glycolysis for energy generation. In the fed state, nervous tissue, adrenal medu ...
... this level in order to have a constant supply for the glucose dependent tissues. Four tissues are dependent upon glucose alone for energy generation. Red blood cells are absolutely glucose dependent since they have only glycolysis for energy generation. In the fed state, nervous tissue, adrenal medu ...
The first true obligately syntrophic propionate
... any of the substrates tested and therefore can be considered as a (the first) true anaerobic syntrophic bacterium. The bacterium contained two distinct 16S rRNA gene sequences, with 96?8 % sequence similarity, which were both expressed during syntrophic growth on propionate as revealed by fluorescen ...
... any of the substrates tested and therefore can be considered as a (the first) true anaerobic syntrophic bacterium. The bacterium contained two distinct 16S rRNA gene sequences, with 96?8 % sequence similarity, which were both expressed during syntrophic growth on propionate as revealed by fluorescen ...
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
... fractions from soybean and amaranth. The protein fractions shared some common electrophoretic bands as well as a similar amino acid composition. The larger percent of denaturation in protein fractions, which is associated with enthalpy and the number of ruptured hydrogen bonds, corresponds to disapp ...
... fractions from soybean and amaranth. The protein fractions shared some common electrophoretic bands as well as a similar amino acid composition. The larger percent of denaturation in protein fractions, which is associated with enthalpy and the number of ruptured hydrogen bonds, corresponds to disapp ...
Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Network Architectures
... systems. First, low molecular weight molecules called autoinducers are synthesized intracellularly. Second, these molecules are either passively released or actively secreted outside of the cells. As the number of cells in a population increases, the extracellular concentration of autoinducer likewi ...
... systems. First, low molecular weight molecules called autoinducers are synthesized intracellularly. Second, these molecules are either passively released or actively secreted outside of the cells. As the number of cells in a population increases, the extracellular concentration of autoinducer likewi ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.