The Role of the Bundle Sheath in the Leaf Development of C3 plants
... The aim of the PhD thesis is to understand leaf development in the C3-plant Arabidopsis thaliana. While in C4-plants, photosynthesis is compartmentalized between mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS), this is not the case for C3-photosynthesis. A series of reticulated Arabidopsis leaf mutants has a w ...
... The aim of the PhD thesis is to understand leaf development in the C3-plant Arabidopsis thaliana. While in C4-plants, photosynthesis is compartmentalized between mesophyll (M) and bundle sheath (BS), this is not the case for C3-photosynthesis. A series of reticulated Arabidopsis leaf mutants has a w ...
Black and White Nucleotide Metabolism english document for
... Nucleotide is an organic molecule consisting of a nucleoside linked with a phosphate group and forming the basic constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleoside makes up of a five-carbon sugar backbone (ribose or deoxyribose) and base. There are two types of nucleot ...
... Nucleotide is an organic molecule consisting of a nucleoside linked with a phosphate group and forming the basic constituent of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Nucleoside makes up of a five-carbon sugar backbone (ribose or deoxyribose) and base. There are two types of nucleot ...
schema-api-part1 - Bioinformatics Research Group at SRI
... Reconstruction of earlier versions of KB View history of changes to an object Update replicates of a KB Detection of update conflicts during concurrency control Undo of updates ...
... Reconstruction of earlier versions of KB View history of changes to an object Update replicates of a KB Detection of update conflicts during concurrency control Undo of updates ...
Metabolic regulation of Escherichia coli cultivated under anaerobic
... tabolically versatile chemoheterotroph grown on a variety of substrate under various oxygen concentrations with fumarate or nitrate, replacing oxygen as terminal electron acceptor under anaerobic condition [27]. Many bacteria utilize oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor, but they can switch to o ...
... tabolically versatile chemoheterotroph grown on a variety of substrate under various oxygen concentrations with fumarate or nitrate, replacing oxygen as terminal electron acceptor under anaerobic condition [27]. Many bacteria utilize oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor, but they can switch to o ...
Biochemical Evidence for the Role of the Waxy Protein fron Pea
... supernatant was similar and the starch synthase activity eluted at the same positions in the gradient (not illustrated). Another factor that did not affect recovery of activity or the activity profile obtained from the Mono-Q chromatography was whether the purified starch was used 'wet/ i.e. solubil ...
... supernatant was similar and the starch synthase activity eluted at the same positions in the gradient (not illustrated). Another factor that did not affect recovery of activity or the activity profile obtained from the Mono-Q chromatography was whether the purified starch was used 'wet/ i.e. solubil ...
Effects of monosulfuron-ester on metabolic processes of nitrogen
... protein content increased by only 0.8% with monosulfuronester 0.03 nmol/L. It is thus clear that A. flos-aquae exhibited greater sensitivity to monosulfuron-ester. The in vitro ALS activity varied between the two cyanobacterial species following monosulfuron-ester application (Fig. 3). For A. flos-a ...
... protein content increased by only 0.8% with monosulfuronester 0.03 nmol/L. It is thus clear that A. flos-aquae exhibited greater sensitivity to monosulfuron-ester. The in vitro ALS activity varied between the two cyanobacterial species following monosulfuron-ester application (Fig. 3). For A. flos-a ...
Tunicates and not cephalochordates are the closest living relatives
... particular attention to potential systematic biases associated, for instance, with differences in evolutionary rates among species, compositional biases and heterotachy8. In particular, a long-branch attraction (LBA) artefact14 may potentially occur since tunicates include fast (Ciona ssp.) and very ...
... particular attention to potential systematic biases associated, for instance, with differences in evolutionary rates among species, compositional biases and heterotachy8. In particular, a long-branch attraction (LBA) artefact14 may potentially occur since tunicates include fast (Ciona ssp.) and very ...
J B , Mar. 2004, p. 1531–1536 Vol. 186, No. 5
... Heliobacterium spp. (23, 24), have a C30 pathway, which starts with the CrtM synthase-catalyzed condensation of 2 molecules of farnesyldiphosphate (FDP; C15PP) to form 4,4⬘-diapophytoene. Yet other bacteria (such as Corynebacterium and Halobacterium spp.) are known to accumulate C50 carotenoids, but ...
... Heliobacterium spp. (23, 24), have a C30 pathway, which starts with the CrtM synthase-catalyzed condensation of 2 molecules of farnesyldiphosphate (FDP; C15PP) to form 4,4⬘-diapophytoene. Yet other bacteria (such as Corynebacterium and Halobacterium spp.) are known to accumulate C50 carotenoids, but ...
Passenger Protein Determines Translocation Versus Retention in
... Therefore, of the two potential glycosylation sites, Asn12 and Asn180, only Asn12 was glycosylated and hence localized to the lumen. Furthermore, glycosylation of aromatase in the absence of first 10 amino acids from the N terminus shows that translocation of aromatase into the ER did not require th ...
... Therefore, of the two potential glycosylation sites, Asn12 and Asn180, only Asn12 was glycosylated and hence localized to the lumen. Furthermore, glycosylation of aromatase in the absence of first 10 amino acids from the N terminus shows that translocation of aromatase into the ER did not require th ...
PDF
... pathway (see reviews in [17,18]). Although the molecular mechanisms regulating intracellular Ca2+ in early embryos remain elusive, mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores by activation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptors in endoplasmic reticulum has been proposed to generate Ca2+ transients ...
... pathway (see reviews in [17,18]). Although the molecular mechanisms regulating intracellular Ca2+ in early embryos remain elusive, mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ stores by activation of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) receptors in endoplasmic reticulum has been proposed to generate Ca2+ transients ...
Protein structure
... number of X-ray reflections that can be observed at any given resolution. X-ray data from protein crystals may involve the measurement of tens of thousands of reflections, even for a small protein crystallized in a low symmetry space-group (FIGURE 1.5). The resolution of a structure is directly rela ...
... number of X-ray reflections that can be observed at any given resolution. X-ray data from protein crystals may involve the measurement of tens of thousands of reflections, even for a small protein crystallized in a low symmetry space-group (FIGURE 1.5). The resolution of a structure is directly rela ...
A chemogenomic analysis of the transmembrane binding cavity of
... the chemical nature of their ligands, their specificity for known agonists/antagonists and the pharmacology associated with their activation/inhibition. The knowledge of the amino acid sequence of cloned GPCRs widened the classification to more receptors and resulted in a standard classification into t ...
... the chemical nature of their ligands, their specificity for known agonists/antagonists and the pharmacology associated with their activation/inhibition. The knowledge of the amino acid sequence of cloned GPCRs widened the classification to more receptors and resulted in a standard classification into t ...
Effect of surface hydrophobicity distribution on retention
... Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is an important technique for protein purification, which exploits the hydrophobic character of proteins promoting their separation based on hydrophobic interactions between stationary phase ligands and hydrophobic regions on the protein surface [1]. In H ...
... Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) is an important technique for protein purification, which exploits the hydrophobic character of proteins promoting their separation based on hydrophobic interactions between stationary phase ligands and hydrophobic regions on the protein surface [1]. In H ...
Naturally Occurring Ligand Isoforms Receptor Binding and Function
... biologically active, confirming that the predicted extracellular domains are functional (6 – 8, 14). Studies on the structurally related hemopoietic growth factors, CSF-1 and steel factor (SLF) (1, 2), have demonstrated that the conformation of the extracellular domain is critical to maintaining fun ...
... biologically active, confirming that the predicted extracellular domains are functional (6 – 8, 14). Studies on the structurally related hemopoietic growth factors, CSF-1 and steel factor (SLF) (1, 2), have demonstrated that the conformation of the extracellular domain is critical to maintaining fun ...
Can sugars be produced from fatty acids? A test case for pathway
... in Table 1, the weight range seems to be in an acceptable range because the weights of the two paths resulting from query 7, which correspond to gluconeogenesis, are 210 and 211. In the results of PathFinding, the connection between different reactions is established by cofactors, such as ITP, IDP, ...
... in Table 1, the weight range seems to be in an acceptable range because the weights of the two paths resulting from query 7, which correspond to gluconeogenesis, are 210 and 211. In the results of PathFinding, the connection between different reactions is established by cofactors, such as ITP, IDP, ...
Study of the distribution of autotrophic CO2 fixation
... Among Crenarchaeota, the ability to grow autotrophically is widespread and can be found in representatives of the Sulfolobales, Thermoproteales and Desulfurococcales (Fig. 1). However, it should be noted that although many Sulfolobales species were initially described as autotrophs or mixotrophs (e. ...
... Among Crenarchaeota, the ability to grow autotrophically is widespread and can be found in representatives of the Sulfolobales, Thermoproteales and Desulfurococcales (Fig. 1). However, it should be noted that although many Sulfolobales species were initially described as autotrophs or mixotrophs (e. ...
Can sugars be produced from fatty acids? A test
... in Table 1, the weight range seems to be in an acceptable range because the weights of the two paths resulting from query 7, which correspond to gluconeogenesis, are 210 and 211. In the results of PathFinding, the connection between different reactions is established by cofactors, such as ITP, IDP, ...
... in Table 1, the weight range seems to be in an acceptable range because the weights of the two paths resulting from query 7, which correspond to gluconeogenesis, are 210 and 211. In the results of PathFinding, the connection between different reactions is established by cofactors, such as ITP, IDP, ...
Flux limitations in the ortho pathway of benzoate
... Uncoupling experiments. The possible uncoupling effects of benzoate, DHB, catechol and acetate on respiratory activity were assayed as follows. Cells grown on fructose were sampled during exponential growth phase and placed in the oxygen monitor described above. Oxygen consumption was followed in th ...
... Uncoupling experiments. The possible uncoupling effects of benzoate, DHB, catechol and acetate on respiratory activity were assayed as follows. Cells grown on fructose were sampled during exponential growth phase and placed in the oxygen monitor described above. Oxygen consumption was followed in th ...
CASE 37
... inhibiting the counterreaction. Often these reactions are controlled by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycles, and in large part these effects can be attributed to one common factor: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Glucagon activates adenyl cyclase, causing an increase in cellular cAMP lev ...
... inhibiting the counterreaction. Often these reactions are controlled by phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cycles, and in large part these effects can be attributed to one common factor: cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Glucagon activates adenyl cyclase, causing an increase in cellular cAMP lev ...
PDF - Geoff McFadden`s Lab
... networks reconstructed from the list of apicoplast proteins that have been predicted using bioinformatics. These networks bring into focus a number of pathways that are not found in the vertebrate host of the parasite, and provide insights into apicoplast function. Here, we present an integrated in ...
... networks reconstructed from the list of apicoplast proteins that have been predicted using bioinformatics. These networks bring into focus a number of pathways that are not found in the vertebrate host of the parasite, and provide insights into apicoplast function. Here, we present an integrated in ...
TM corrigé (mars 2015) - Louis Morisod
... forms (NADH, NADPH) into oxidized forms (NAD+, NADP+), and vice versa. This redox function is of particular importance in the metabolism of the cell, particularly in energy metabolism, reductive ...
... forms (NADH, NADPH) into oxidized forms (NAD+, NADP+), and vice versa. This redox function is of particular importance in the metabolism of the cell, particularly in energy metabolism, reductive ...
Obesity and the regulation of fat metabolism
... endocrine organ (Rondinone, 2006; Trayhurn and Bing, 2006). This was principally based on the discovery of leptin, a cytokine-like hormone secreted from white adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass (Friedman and Halaas, 1998). Activation of hypothalamic leptin receptors suppresses food intake and ...
... endocrine organ (Rondinone, 2006; Trayhurn and Bing, 2006). This was principally based on the discovery of leptin, a cytokine-like hormone secreted from white adipose tissue in proportion to fat mass (Friedman and Halaas, 1998). Activation of hypothalamic leptin receptors suppresses food intake and ...
PDF
... Thiomicrospira crunogena (Dobrinski et al., 2005) and Thiobacillus neopolitanus (Holthuijzen et al., 1986), contain carboxysomes and appear to employ a carbon concentrating mechanism, so that these adaptations are not exclusively by phototrophic organisms. No such mechanisms have been identified in a ...
... Thiomicrospira crunogena (Dobrinski et al., 2005) and Thiobacillus neopolitanus (Holthuijzen et al., 1986), contain carboxysomes and appear to employ a carbon concentrating mechanism, so that these adaptations are not exclusively by phototrophic organisms. No such mechanisms have been identified in a ...
PDF
... Thiomicrospira crunogena (Dobrinski et al., 2005) and Thiobacillus neopolitanus (Holthuijzen et al., 1986), contain carboxysomes and appear to employ a carbon concentrating mechanism, so that these adaptations are not exclusively by phototrophic organisms. No such mechanisms have been identified in a ...
... Thiomicrospira crunogena (Dobrinski et al., 2005) and Thiobacillus neopolitanus (Holthuijzen et al., 1986), contain carboxysomes and appear to employ a carbon concentrating mechanism, so that these adaptations are not exclusively by phototrophic organisms. No such mechanisms have been identified in a ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.