New insight into plant intramembrane proteases
... According to this classification, the PARL type proteases are characterized by the presence of 6 α-helixes forming the core of the catalytic domain and an additional α-helix at their N-terminus. The group of proteins containing, beside the 6 α-helixes of the core, an additional α-helix at their C-te ...
... According to this classification, the PARL type proteases are characterized by the presence of 6 α-helixes forming the core of the catalytic domain and an additional α-helix at their N-terminus. The group of proteins containing, beside the 6 α-helixes of the core, an additional α-helix at their C-te ...
Fluorescence Study of Bovine β-Lactoglobulin
... embedded in the protein core and thus with an emission peak that is shifted to shorter wavelengths compared to the spectrum recorded in absence of calcofluor white [7,8]. Addition of high calcofluor white concentrations to β-lactoglobulin quenches fluorescence emission intensity without modifying po ...
... embedded in the protein core and thus with an emission peak that is shifted to shorter wavelengths compared to the spectrum recorded in absence of calcofluor white [7,8]. Addition of high calcofluor white concentrations to β-lactoglobulin quenches fluorescence emission intensity without modifying po ...
Hemoglobin Learning Objective Hemoglobin
... Oxygen binding and structural changes a) Concerted model: The first model proposed by Monod, Wyman and Changeux, also known as the MWC model, assumes that each subunit can exist in at least two conformational states and hypothesizes that all subunits make the transition from one state to the other s ...
... Oxygen binding and structural changes a) Concerted model: The first model proposed by Monod, Wyman and Changeux, also known as the MWC model, assumes that each subunit can exist in at least two conformational states and hypothesizes that all subunits make the transition from one state to the other s ...
ABSTRACT Title of Dissertation: GENETIC REGULATION OF AUTOPHAGIC CELL... Sudeshna Dutta, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008
... mammalian Apaf-1, which is a caspase-9 cofactor in the presence of cytochrome c and ATP, and this complex is commonly known as the apoptosome (Li et al., 1997; Rodriguez et al., 1999; Zou et al., 1997). Ced-9 is a member of the BCL-2 family of the cell death regulators (Hengartner and Horvitz, 1994; ...
... mammalian Apaf-1, which is a caspase-9 cofactor in the presence of cytochrome c and ATP, and this complex is commonly known as the apoptosome (Li et al., 1997; Rodriguez et al., 1999; Zou et al., 1997). Ced-9 is a member of the BCL-2 family of the cell death regulators (Hengartner and Horvitz, 1994; ...
Word
... for the PdxR family were extracted from RegPrecise 3.0 (http://regprecise.lbl.gov) (Novichkov et ...
... for the PdxR family were extracted from RegPrecise 3.0 (http://regprecise.lbl.gov) (Novichkov et ...
Functional Regulation of MyD88-Activated Interferon Regulatory
... the IRF-5–TRAF6 interaction. Finally, we show that IRAK1 associates with IRF-5 and that this interaction precedes and is required for IRF-5 ubiquitination and activation. Thus, our findings offer a new mechanistic insight into IRF-5 gene induction program through hitherto unknown processes of IRF-5 ...
... the IRF-5–TRAF6 interaction. Finally, we show that IRAK1 associates with IRF-5 and that this interaction precedes and is required for IRF-5 ubiquitination and activation. Thus, our findings offer a new mechanistic insight into IRF-5 gene induction program through hitherto unknown processes of IRF-5 ...
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... regulation of steroid hormone and sterol homeostasis. Introduction Steroid hormones are cholesterol derivatives that serve as signaling molecules to coordinate the expression of complex gene programs in higher eukaryotes. These molecules exert their effects by diffusing into cells and interacting wi ...
... regulation of steroid hormone and sterol homeostasis. Introduction Steroid hormones are cholesterol derivatives that serve as signaling molecules to coordinate the expression of complex gene programs in higher eukaryotes. These molecules exert their effects by diffusing into cells and interacting wi ...
Analysis of a ribose transport operon from Bacillus
... these systems have a protein homologous to the periplasmic substrate-binding protein, even though this bacterium does not have a periplasm. Nevertheless, Perego e t al. (1991) have demonstrated that the periplasmic oligopeptide binding protein OppA is cell wall associated in exponentially growing ce ...
... these systems have a protein homologous to the periplasmic substrate-binding protein, even though this bacterium does not have a periplasm. Nevertheless, Perego e t al. (1991) have demonstrated that the periplasmic oligopeptide binding protein OppA is cell wall associated in exponentially growing ce ...
1 - Utrecht University Repository
... Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors, which integrate the interior of the cell with the cell environment. Integrins mediate cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and to other cells. Integrins are connected to the cytoskeleton, and regulate several signal transduction pa ...
... Integrins are heterodimeric transmembrane receptors, which integrate the interior of the cell with the cell environment. Integrins mediate cell adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and to other cells. Integrins are connected to the cytoskeleton, and regulate several signal transduction pa ...
Note Set 11 1 GLYCOLYSIS (also known as: EMBDEN
... precursor inositol, pentose phosphate pathway (NADPH, ribose) and more… G6-P is the precursor for synthesis of glycogen and is also used in pentose phosphate pathway to form NADPH •thus the HEX step is not the committed step because product of the reaction goes other places…committed means it only g ...
... precursor inositol, pentose phosphate pathway (NADPH, ribose) and more… G6-P is the precursor for synthesis of glycogen and is also used in pentose phosphate pathway to form NADPH •thus the HEX step is not the committed step because product of the reaction goes other places…committed means it only g ...
Serine/Threonine Phosphatases
... this consensus sequence, the most conserved valine and phenylalanine/tryptophan residues appear to anchor the binding of the R subunit to PP1, whereas the other residues provide the needed specificity for recognizing different R subunits. How do R subunits help improve substrate specificity? Structu ...
... this consensus sequence, the most conserved valine and phenylalanine/tryptophan residues appear to anchor the binding of the R subunit to PP1, whereas the other residues provide the needed specificity for recognizing different R subunits. How do R subunits help improve substrate specificity? Structu ...
Growing Membranes, Sustaining Cells
... Membranes contribute to the spatial organization of metabolic pathways Cells have evolved efficient ways to functionally organize cellular metabolism into biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways consuming cellular energy and ‘separate’ them from degradative (catabolic) pathways that produce cellular energy ...
... Membranes contribute to the spatial organization of metabolic pathways Cells have evolved efficient ways to functionally organize cellular metabolism into biosynthetic (anabolic) pathways consuming cellular energy and ‘separate’ them from degradative (catabolic) pathways that produce cellular energy ...
SPECIFIC PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN CELLULAR
... spatial dimension . At an early stage of vitellogenesis the oocyte grows mainly through accumulation of yolk from the blood (see Telfer, 1965) . Near the end of vitellogenesis, the nurse cells degenerate (King and Aggarwal, 1965) ; the follicle then consists of only two cell types, the oocyte (which ...
... spatial dimension . At an early stage of vitellogenesis the oocyte grows mainly through accumulation of yolk from the blood (see Telfer, 1965) . Near the end of vitellogenesis, the nurse cells degenerate (King and Aggarwal, 1965) ; the follicle then consists of only two cell types, the oocyte (which ...
Novel surface layer protein genes in Bacillus
... performed on positively charged nylon membranes (Roche) using a TurboBlotter (Schleicher & Schuell), following the manufacturer’s instructions. Northern blotting of total RNA was performed according to published methods (Sambrook et al., 1989), by applying 2 mg total RNA of Cd2+-treated cells, and 5 ...
... performed on positively charged nylon membranes (Roche) using a TurboBlotter (Schleicher & Schuell), following the manufacturer’s instructions. Northern blotting of total RNA was performed according to published methods (Sambrook et al., 1989), by applying 2 mg total RNA of Cd2+-treated cells, and 5 ...
Endocrine System
... Thyroid Hormone is Critical for Normal Bone Growth and Development T3 is an important regulator of skeletal maturation at the growth plate T3 regulates the expression of factors and other contributors to linear growth directly in the growth plate T3 also may participate in osteoblast differen ...
... Thyroid Hormone is Critical for Normal Bone Growth and Development T3 is an important regulator of skeletal maturation at the growth plate T3 regulates the expression of factors and other contributors to linear growth directly in the growth plate T3 also may participate in osteoblast differen ...
Classifier ensembles for protein structural class prediction with
... among different AAs [14,15]. Recent works also improve structural class prediction by using alternative sequence representations. Examples include auto-correlation functions based on non-bonded residue energy [7], polypeptide composition [26,37,44], and functional domain composition [16]. However, th ...
... among different AAs [14,15]. Recent works also improve structural class prediction by using alternative sequence representations. Examples include auto-correlation functions based on non-bonded residue energy [7], polypeptide composition [26,37,44], and functional domain composition [16]. However, th ...
Chapter 15
... Galactosemia is a disorder that affects how the body processes a simple sugar called galactose. A small amount of galactose is present in many foods. It is primarily part of a larger sugar called lactose, which is found in all dairy products and many baby formulas. The signs and symptoms of galacto ...
... Galactosemia is a disorder that affects how the body processes a simple sugar called galactose. A small amount of galactose is present in many foods. It is primarily part of a larger sugar called lactose, which is found in all dairy products and many baby formulas. The signs and symptoms of galacto ...
Limits of adaptation to high dietary protein intakes
... not suf®cient criterion. In addition there is the need to determine the extent to which the demand for a critical range of functions has been satis®ed. For the system as a whole the demand side is determined by the pattern and rate of protein synthesis and the utilisation of amino acids for other me ...
... not suf®cient criterion. In addition there is the need to determine the extent to which the demand for a critical range of functions has been satis®ed. For the system as a whole the demand side is determined by the pattern and rate of protein synthesis and the utilisation of amino acids for other me ...
Reactivation of Creatine Kinase by Dithiothreitol Prior to Use
... ribonucleic acids can be performed in various systems including cytoplasmic extract from eukaryotic cells, rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ extract. For optimal translation, an energy regeneration system based on creatine phosphate and creatine kinase is commonly employed for the regenerati ...
... ribonucleic acids can be performed in various systems including cytoplasmic extract from eukaryotic cells, rabbit reticulocyte lysate and wheat germ extract. For optimal translation, an energy regeneration system based on creatine phosphate and creatine kinase is commonly employed for the regenerati ...
Translocation Arrest by Reversible Folding of a Precursor Protein
... stretch of a mitochondrial precursor protein. The aminoterminal 167 amino acid residues of cytochrome b2 precursor (Guiard, 1985), an intermembrane space protein, were fused to DHFR (Stueber et al., 1984). Upon import into mitochondria in the presence of methotrexate, this construct formed a stable ...
... stretch of a mitochondrial precursor protein. The aminoterminal 167 amino acid residues of cytochrome b2 precursor (Guiard, 1985), an intermembrane space protein, were fused to DHFR (Stueber et al., 1984). Upon import into mitochondria in the presence of methotrexate, this construct formed a stable ...
IMGT Colliers de Perles: Standardized Sequence
... proteins, expressed on the cell surface of most cells, are formed with an association of a transmembrane heavy chain (I-ALPHA chain) and a non-covalently linked light chain beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) [14]. The MHC-II proteins, expressed on the cell surface of professional antigen presenting cells (A ...
... proteins, expressed on the cell surface of most cells, are formed with an association of a transmembrane heavy chain (I-ALPHA chain) and a non-covalently linked light chain beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) [14]. The MHC-II proteins, expressed on the cell surface of professional antigen presenting cells (A ...
intermediary metabolism
... The liver plays a central role in metabolism in regulating the blood levels of glucose and other metabolic fuels. Most low molecular weight metabolites that appear in the blood after digestion are first carried to the liver from the intestine through the portal vein. Major role of the liver include ...
... The liver plays a central role in metabolism in regulating the blood levels of glucose and other metabolic fuels. Most low molecular weight metabolites that appear in the blood after digestion are first carried to the liver from the intestine through the portal vein. Major role of the liver include ...
PDF
... cooperation of several different signaling pathways (de Celis et al., 1996; Sotillos and De Celis, 2005), the development of CVs relies almost entirely on BMP signaling, and has thus served as a sensitive readout for functional assays of proteins that modulate pathway activity. dpp mRNA is expressed ...
... cooperation of several different signaling pathways (de Celis et al., 1996; Sotillos and De Celis, 2005), the development of CVs relies almost entirely on BMP signaling, and has thus served as a sensitive readout for functional assays of proteins that modulate pathway activity. dpp mRNA is expressed ...
recombinant protein characterization
... Recombinant protein drug development starts with the identification of disease pathways that can be used to identify lead candidates. Recombinant proteins are derived from recombinant DNA (rDNA), which consists of at least two DNA sequences not normally found together in nature. These rDNA libraries ...
... Recombinant protein drug development starts with the identification of disease pathways that can be used to identify lead candidates. Recombinant proteins are derived from recombinant DNA (rDNA), which consists of at least two DNA sequences not normally found together in nature. These rDNA libraries ...
Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior or differentiation of those cells. Signaling molecules known as paracrine factors diffuse over a relatively short distance (local action), as opposed to endocrine factors (hormones which travel considerably longer distances via the circulatory system), juxtacrine interactions, and autocrine signaling. Cells that produce paracrine factors secrete them into the immediate extracellular environment. Factors then travel to nearby cells in which the gradient of factor received determines the outcome. However, the exact distance that paracrine factors can travel is not certain.Although paracrine signaling elicits a diverse array of responses in the induced cells, most paracrine factors utilize a relatively streamlined set of receptors and pathways. In fact, different organs in the body -even between different species - are known to utilize a similar sets of paracrine factors in differential development. The highly conserved receptors and pathways can be organized into four major families based on similar structures: Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, Hedgehog family, Wnt family, and TGF-β superfamily. Binding of a paracrine factor to its respective receptor initiates signal transduction cascades, eliciting different responses.