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Biochemistry Notes 2012
... • Atoms - basic building blocks of all matter. • Elements – pure substances that can’t be broken down into other substances. (atoms) • Molecules – two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds. (smallest combination that can’t be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties) • ...
... • Atoms - basic building blocks of all matter. • Elements – pure substances that can’t be broken down into other substances. (atoms) • Molecules – two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds. (smallest combination that can’t be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties) • ...
The Chemistry of Living Things
... created by photosynthesis. When you think of table sugar, like the kind in candy, it is actually a disaccharide. The sugar on your dinner table is made of glucose and another monosaccharide called fructose. Table sugar is sucrose. • When several carbohydrates combine, it is called a POLYsaccharide ( ...
... created by photosynthesis. When you think of table sugar, like the kind in candy, it is actually a disaccharide. The sugar on your dinner table is made of glucose and another monosaccharide called fructose. Table sugar is sucrose. • When several carbohydrates combine, it is called a POLYsaccharide ( ...
Chapter 6.4 The Building Blocks of Life
... Life on Earth is carbonbased Carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules Lead to the diversity of life on Earth ...
... Life on Earth is carbonbased Carbon is a component of almost all biological molecules Lead to the diversity of life on Earth ...
Lecture 11
... phosphorylation with the phosphoryl ester forming on the hydroxyl oxygen •Phosphorylation works by causing conformational changes in the tertiary (and/or quaternary) structure of the protein •The phosphate group the forms the ester is from ATP in many cases •Phosphorylation may cause Up or Down-regu ...
... phosphorylation with the phosphoryl ester forming on the hydroxyl oxygen •Phosphorylation works by causing conformational changes in the tertiary (and/or quaternary) structure of the protein •The phosphate group the forms the ester is from ATP in many cases •Phosphorylation may cause Up or Down-regu ...
Biosynthesis and degradation of proteins
... Protease inhibitors • IAPs are proteins that block apoptosis by binding to and inhibiting caspases. The apoptosis-stimulating protein Smac antagonizes the effect of IAPs on caspases. • TIMPs are inhibitors of metalloproteases that are secreted by cells. A domain of the inhibitor protein interacts w ...
... Protease inhibitors • IAPs are proteins that block apoptosis by binding to and inhibiting caspases. The apoptosis-stimulating protein Smac antagonizes the effect of IAPs on caspases. • TIMPs are inhibitors of metalloproteases that are secreted by cells. A domain of the inhibitor protein interacts w ...
Protein misfolding associated to mild modifications of local cellular pH
... mutants: Gly26Arg (a substitution mutant with a gain in a positive charge), and Lys1070 (showing a deletion of a Lisine residue). Structural analysis shows that acidic pH induces a strong conformational shift, decreasing the cooperative denaturation pattern, and the hydrophobic cavities present in t ...
... mutants: Gly26Arg (a substitution mutant with a gain in a positive charge), and Lys1070 (showing a deletion of a Lisine residue). Structural analysis shows that acidic pH induces a strong conformational shift, decreasing the cooperative denaturation pattern, and the hydrophobic cavities present in t ...
Protein Synthesis Drawing
... ribosome by bonding their anticodons to the complementary mRNA codons. ...
... ribosome by bonding their anticodons to the complementary mRNA codons. ...
Carbon-Based Molecules
... Carbon has unique bonding properties Carbon = building block of life because it makes ...
... Carbon has unique bonding properties Carbon = building block of life because it makes ...
Structure Reveals How Cells `Sugar
... Biologists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, and the University of Wurzburg, Germany, have deciphered the structure of a large protein complex responsible for adding sugar molecules to newly formed proteins - a process essential to many protei ...
... Biologists at the U.S. Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory, Stony Brook University, and the University of Wurzburg, Germany, have deciphered the structure of a large protein complex responsible for adding sugar molecules to newly formed proteins - a process essential to many protei ...
Core Proteome
... produce glycans, attached to proteins, lipids or other organic molecules. Glycosylation is a form of co-translational and post-translational modification. Glycans serve as a variety of structural and functional roles in membrane and secreted proteins. It is an enzyme-directed site-specific pro ...
... produce glycans, attached to proteins, lipids or other organic molecules. Glycosylation is a form of co-translational and post-translational modification. Glycans serve as a variety of structural and functional roles in membrane and secreted proteins. It is an enzyme-directed site-specific pro ...
Name Date - kroymbhs
... D. lipids that contain the maximum number of carbon-hydrogen bonds possible E. protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being destroyed itself F. polysaccharide in which animals store glucose in their bodies G. many hormones are this type of lipid H. macromolecules made up of l ...
... D. lipids that contain the maximum number of carbon-hydrogen bonds possible E. protein that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being destroyed itself F. polysaccharide in which animals store glucose in their bodies G. many hormones are this type of lipid H. macromolecules made up of l ...
Word - LangdonBiology.org
... 3. Lithium chloride dissociates when placed in water, becoming free lithium ions and free chloride ions. When sugar is placed in water, the individual sugar molecules move apart, but the molecule itself stays together. What type of bonds must be present in lithium chloride? What functional group is ...
... 3. Lithium chloride dissociates when placed in water, becoming free lithium ions and free chloride ions. When sugar is placed in water, the individual sugar molecules move apart, but the molecule itself stays together. What type of bonds must be present in lithium chloride? What functional group is ...
Fibrous proteins
... Multicomponent complex of protein and lipids. Molecular aggregate with approximate stoichiometry between two components. Wide variety function in blood (transport of lipids from tissue to tissue), lipid metabolism. ...
... Multicomponent complex of protein and lipids. Molecular aggregate with approximate stoichiometry between two components. Wide variety function in blood (transport of lipids from tissue to tissue), lipid metabolism. ...
Week 3
... of life. In RNA, Thymine doesn’t exist but is replaced by Uracil which is very similar in structure and also complements Adenine.*we discussed that copying DNA and making and RNA molecule from a DNA strand is called “transcription” (i.e. copying) whereas the process by which RNA is used to form prot ...
... of life. In RNA, Thymine doesn’t exist but is replaced by Uracil which is very similar in structure and also complements Adenine.*we discussed that copying DNA and making and RNA molecule from a DNA strand is called “transcription” (i.e. copying) whereas the process by which RNA is used to form prot ...
Organic Chemistry Notes
... (a large structure composed of smaller units linked together); example is starch, which is many glucose monomers strung together. j. Lipids: do not mix with water, are said to be hydrophobic (“water-fearing”) i. Fats: made of the molecule triglyceride, which is glycerol (a fat) joined with three mol ...
... (a large structure composed of smaller units linked together); example is starch, which is many glucose monomers strung together. j. Lipids: do not mix with water, are said to be hydrophobic (“water-fearing”) i. Fats: made of the molecule triglyceride, which is glycerol (a fat) joined with three mol ...
Archaebacterial virus SSV1 encodes a putative DnaA
... In a previous study (1) we have shown that proteins containing the purine NTP-binding sequence pattern (2) and involved in genome replication or DNA precursor synthesis are extremely wide-spread products of the genomes of various viruses. In particular, all viruses with double-stranded (ds) DNA geno ...
... In a previous study (1) we have shown that proteins containing the purine NTP-binding sequence pattern (2) and involved in genome replication or DNA precursor synthesis are extremely wide-spread products of the genomes of various viruses. In particular, all viruses with double-stranded (ds) DNA geno ...
Report II. 2014. december
... We have described a novel model for the mechanism of aging: disintegration of somatic genomes is primarily caused by the lifelong, progressive mobilization of mutagenic transposable elements (MGEs; such elements constitute, for example, nearly half of the human genome). We inactivated MGEs in the so ...
... We have described a novel model for the mechanism of aging: disintegration of somatic genomes is primarily caused by the lifelong, progressive mobilization of mutagenic transposable elements (MGEs; such elements constitute, for example, nearly half of the human genome). We inactivated MGEs in the so ...
Search for the potential antigens present in the outer membrane of
... Gram-negative coccobacillus pathogen which is Pasteurella multocida result in fowl cholera and hemorrhagic septicaemia. Current vaccines against fowl cholera including the live naturally attenuated and the killed whole cells, provide only limited protection. In this study, we tried to find the possi ...
... Gram-negative coccobacillus pathogen which is Pasteurella multocida result in fowl cholera and hemorrhagic septicaemia. Current vaccines against fowl cholera including the live naturally attenuated and the killed whole cells, provide only limited protection. In this study, we tried to find the possi ...
Ch - Fairview High School
... Lipids- have little or no affinity for ____________. Structure consists mainly of nonpolar ___________________________ with a few polar oxygen bonds. Function in cells – Fat – made from glycerol and fatty acids Example: Triglyceride from glycerol and 3 fatty acids: Saturated fatty acid – contains __ ...
... Lipids- have little or no affinity for ____________. Structure consists mainly of nonpolar ___________________________ with a few polar oxygen bonds. Function in cells – Fat – made from glycerol and fatty acids Example: Triglyceride from glycerol and 3 fatty acids: Saturated fatty acid – contains __ ...
Biology Today is Monday Aug 31, 2015
... • Lactase helps break down lactose (the sugar found in milk) ...
... • Lactase helps break down lactose (the sugar found in milk) ...
Organic Molecules Power Point
... Another Function of Proteins Enzymes; facilitate chem. reactions (Rx). ...
... Another Function of Proteins Enzymes; facilitate chem. reactions (Rx). ...
The Molecules of Life
... The carbon skeleton is bent to form four fused rings. Steroids vary in the functional groups attached to this core set of rings. Cholesterol is a key component of cell membranes The “base steroid” from which your body produces other steroids, such as estrogen and testosterone Synthetic anabolic ster ...
... The carbon skeleton is bent to form four fused rings. Steroids vary in the functional groups attached to this core set of rings. Cholesterol is a key component of cell membranes The “base steroid” from which your body produces other steroids, such as estrogen and testosterone Synthetic anabolic ster ...
Cyclol
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cyclol_reaction.png?width=300)
The cyclol hypothesis is the first structural model of a folded, globular protein. It was developed by Dorothy Wrinch in the late 1930s, and was based on three assumptions. Firstly, the hypothesis assumes that two peptide groups can be crosslinked by a cyclol reaction (Figure 1); these crosslinks are covalent analogs of non-covalent hydrogen bonds between peptide groups. These reactions have been observed in the ergopeptides and other compounds. Secondly, it assumes that, under some conditions, amino acids will naturally make the maximum possible number of cyclol crosslinks, resulting in cyclol molecules (Figure 2) and cyclol fabrics (Figure 3). These cyclol molecules and fabrics have never been observed. Finally, the hypothesis assumes that globular proteins have a tertiary structure corresponding to Platonic solids and semiregular polyhedra formed of cyclol fabrics with no free edges. Such ""closed cyclol"" molecules have not been observed either.Although later data demonstrated that this original model for the structure of globular proteins needed to be amended, several elements of the cyclol model were verified, such as the cyclol reaction itself and the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions are chiefly responsible for protein folding. The cyclol hypothesis stimulated many scientists to research questions in protein structure and chemistry, and was a precursor of the more accurate models hypothesized for the DNA double helix and protein secondary structure. The proposal and testing of the cyclol model also provides an excellent illustration of empirical falsifiability acting as part of the scientific method.