• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Macromolecule Notes
Macromolecule Notes

... 3. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), which is how we get our energy ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... 1.messenger RNA (mRNA) single chain copy of gene that describes sequence in which aa should bond together to for protein 2.transfer RNA (tRNA) picks up appropriate aa and transfers it to ribosome contains ANTICODON complementary to mRNA codon 3.ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 4. Small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) - p ...
Microbial Metabolism
Microbial Metabolism

... • Although we can recognize a substrate and product of individual enzymatic reactions; metabolic functions are often performed by several enzymatic reactions in a “pathway”. • Pathways can be linear, branched, cyclic or even spiral. ...
Detoxification of ammonia and biosynthesis of urea
Detoxification of ammonia and biosynthesis of urea

... The liver takes up the alanine and converts it back into pyruvate by transamination. The glutamate formed in the liver is deaminated and ammonia is utilized in urea cycle. ...
02-3 Carbon Compounds
02-3 Carbon Compounds

... The monomers of Proteins • The building block of any protein is the amino acid. • There are 20 A.A’s and we only make 12 of them. (where do we get the rest?) • has an amino end (NH2) and a carboxyl end (COOH). ...
Modeling Chemical Evolution
Modeling Chemical Evolution

... much as 10–15% of the carbon within the system was now in the form of organic compounds. ...
Protein Synthesis Poster Project
Protein Synthesis Poster Project

... c. tRNAs bond to their correct amino acid and bring them over to mRNA d. mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm e. tRNA anticodon is matched to the mRNA codon f. Ribosome encounters the stop codon and falls of the MRNA. g. Chain of amino acid forms with each new tRNA matching its mRNA codo ...
AICE Biochemistry Applications Guided Reading
AICE Biochemistry Applications Guided Reading

Protein Synthesis Notes
Protein Synthesis Notes

... to a transfer RNA molecule. The tRNA molecule is a single strand of RNA that loops back on itself. At one end it has 3 bases called an ANTICODON, At the other end the corresponding amino acid is attached. The CODON of the mRNA attaches to the ANTICODON of the tRNA molecule. For example, if the mRNA ...
Sample exam 1
Sample exam 1

... b. At these physiological conditions, ATP hydrolysis has a free energy change of – 58 kJ/mol. How many moles of ATP must be hydrolyzed to generate the gastric juice in part a? 8. Even though acetate units, such as those obtained from fatty acid oxidation, cannot be used for net synthesis of carbohyd ...
Name: Period:_____ Date
Name: Period:_____ Date

... 18. What is the function of a protein? Building blocks of life support life 19. What is a dehydration reaction? Produces water as a product 20. What is a hydrolysis reaction? ...
STARVE-FEED CYCLE 1) WELL-FED STATE (food intake
STARVE-FEED CYCLE 1) WELL-FED STATE (food intake

... • major determinant of the rate at which every metabolic processes of the body operates: • blood fatty acids concentration → ketogenesis in the liver • excessive amounts of substrates → synthesis of excess fat • gluconeogenic substrates → rate of gluconeogenesis ...
2005
2005

... 32. [1] Which one is a precursor of cholesterol? _____ 33. [1] Which one is an intermediate in the citric acid cycle? _____ Question 34 is omitted 35. [1] Which one is an intermediate in catabolism of odd-numbered fatty acids? ...
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

... See table 26.1 to examine names, abbreviations, physical properties, and structures of 20 commonly occurring amino acids ...
Tutorial Kit (Biochemistry-300 L)
Tutorial Kit (Biochemistry-300 L)

... Protein structure is generated by 4 levels of structure – primary, secondary, tertiary and quartenary. The four levels are generated by interactions between constituent amino acids Primary structure is the linear sequence of all the amino acids joined by peptide bonds between their free amino and ca ...
מצגת של PowerPoint
מצגת של PowerPoint

... sc Peptide: a small # of connected aa Polypeptide: a longer chain of aa Protein: ...
Biochemistry notes (updated 10/13)
Biochemistry notes (updated 10/13)

...  Starch – made up of many glucose units, it is an important storage polysaccharide that is found in plant roots and other tissues. It stores monosaccharides that can be broken down later to release useful energy during cellular ...
PEPTIDE BONDS AND POLYPEPTIDES OLIGOPEPTIDE
PEPTIDE BONDS AND POLYPEPTIDES OLIGOPEPTIDE

... •requires input of free energy, about +10 kJ/mol (hydrolysis favored but very slow w/o catalyst, so peptides are stable, similar to nucleic acids) •can be hydrolyzed in hot 6N HCl (see below) or by proteolytic enzymes or proteases (see Table 5.4) that often cleave at specific residues see CNBr react ...
Metabolism08
Metabolism08

... breaks triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids  Most of the energy is stored in the fatty acids (glycerol can be converted to glucose or pyruvate)  Fatty acids usually produce substantially more ATP than glucose (16 carbon fatty acid = 129 ATP) ...
Example Problem Set for CHEM106 Section 002 Test 2
Example Problem Set for CHEM106 Section 002 Test 2

... Example Problem Set for CHEM106 Section 002 Test 2 If you can answer these problems, you will have no trouble at all with the material covered by the test. Remember: Answer what you are asked. Think about your answers. Look at your answers and ensure that they make sense. 1) Which amino acids are mo ...
Aim 24: How does DNA code for the production of proteins through
Aim 24: How does DNA code for the production of proteins through

... nucleus, allowing the mRNA strand to leave the nucleus with the genetic message and head for the ribosome to make proteins through another process called translation. ...
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives

... Proteins are important components of cellular membranes including membrane channels Proteins store and transport metal ions, oxygen, nutrients, and other small molecules between cells Proteins serve as motors that transport other molecules within a cell and cause muscle contraction. Protein structur ...
Nitrogen Assimilation 1. Introduction and Overview Importance of
Nitrogen Assimilation 1. Introduction and Overview Importance of

... glutamate    +  NH4    +    ATP  -­‐>            glutamine    +  ADP    +  Pi   ...
Citric acid Cycle:
Citric acid Cycle:

... b. Insulin generally promotes anabolic pathway i.e. synthesis of glycogen then why should it activate PDC? 3. What side reaction would take place if E1 was separated from PDC? 4. Which of the dehydrogenases have FAD cofactor? 5. How many oxygen molecules are used for the complete oxidation of glucos ...
Here are the answers
Here are the answers

... Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ...
< 1 ... 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report