The metabolic basis of Candida albicans
... Recent studies have elucidated the signal transduction pathways and quorum sensing molecules that affect the morphological transition of C. albicans. The metabolic mechanisms that recognize, and respond to, such signaling molecules and promote the morphological changes at a system level, however, re ...
... Recent studies have elucidated the signal transduction pathways and quorum sensing molecules that affect the morphological transition of C. albicans. The metabolic mechanisms that recognize, and respond to, such signaling molecules and promote the morphological changes at a system level, however, re ...
Biosynthesis of geranial, a potent aroma compound in ginger
... acetate drastically decreases with increasing geranial levels during the maturation and storage of ginger rhizome (Sekiwa-Iijima et al. 2001). This suggests that the metabolic fluxes from geranyl acetate to geranial occur through geraniol as a key compound, because both of their structures derive fr ...
... acetate drastically decreases with increasing geranial levels during the maturation and storage of ginger rhizome (Sekiwa-Iijima et al. 2001). This suggests that the metabolic fluxes from geranyl acetate to geranial occur through geraniol as a key compound, because both of their structures derive fr ...
... The collagen extraction process was established in preliminaries studies, in order to facilitate the removal of contractile proteins from high muscular regions of jumbo squid by-products (fins and arms). Briefly, minced fins and arms were homogenized with water (1:3 w/v) using an Ester blender (mode ...
The Reciprocal Principle of Selectand-Selector-Systems in
... In enantioselective capillary electromigration methods, the non-racemic chiral selector is added to the background electrolyte as part of the mobile phase. The method of enantioseparation of charged selectands with neutral selectors is referred to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), whereas the me ...
... In enantioselective capillary electromigration methods, the non-racemic chiral selector is added to the background electrolyte as part of the mobile phase. The method of enantioseparation of charged selectands with neutral selectors is referred to capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), whereas the me ...
Development of prokaryotic cell-free systems for synthetic
... addition, many systems are driven by T7 RNA polymerase expression (Krieg & Melton, 1987) to encourage as much protein production as possible. Completely “synthetic” cellfree systems from purified components (Shimizu et al., 2001) have also been developed for hard-to-produce proteins. There has been ...
... addition, many systems are driven by T7 RNA polymerase expression (Krieg & Melton, 1987) to encourage as much protein production as possible. Completely “synthetic” cellfree systems from purified components (Shimizu et al., 2001) have also been developed for hard-to-produce proteins. There has been ...
Biochemical Characterization of 2-Nitropropane Dioxygenase from
... 2-Nitropropane dioxygenase from Hansenula mrakii is a flavin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of anionic nitroalkanes into the corresponding carbonyl compounds and nitrite, with oxygen as the electron acceptor. Although nitroalkanes are anticipated to be toxic and carcinogenic, they are ...
... 2-Nitropropane dioxygenase from Hansenula mrakii is a flavin-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of anionic nitroalkanes into the corresponding carbonyl compounds and nitrite, with oxygen as the electron acceptor. Although nitroalkanes are anticipated to be toxic and carcinogenic, they are ...
Rate at which glutamine enters TCA cycle influences carbon atom
... ments. The Lineweaver-Burk equation was used to calculate values for maximal rate (Vmax ) and the glutamine concentration needed to achieve the half-maximal rate of CO2 production from either [U-14C]glutamine or [1-14C]glutamine (Kox ). The objective of experiment 4 was to determine whether reducing ...
... ments. The Lineweaver-Burk equation was used to calculate values for maximal rate (Vmax ) and the glutamine concentration needed to achieve the half-maximal rate of CO2 production from either [U-14C]glutamine or [1-14C]glutamine (Kox ). The objective of experiment 4 was to determine whether reducing ...
THE ATP SYNTHASE—A SPLENDID MOLECULAR MACHINE
... protein is blocked by a facile reaction of an intramembrane carboxyl group with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). An ATP synthase of similar structure is found in all organisms that form or cleave ATP coupled to proton translocation. The amino acid sequences of the subunits from a wide variety of sou ...
... protein is blocked by a facile reaction of an intramembrane carboxyl group with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). An ATP synthase of similar structure is found in all organisms that form or cleave ATP coupled to proton translocation. The amino acid sequences of the subunits from a wide variety of sou ...
Triglyceride Measurements: a Review of Methods and Interferences
... by Bucolo and David (32). The presence of proteases can have a negative effect on the stability of a reagent solution. Digesting proteases can attack other enzymes in the assay system, leading to poor stability of glycerol kinase and pyruvate kinase at pH 7.0. Interference ...
... by Bucolo and David (32). The presence of proteases can have a negative effect on the stability of a reagent solution. Digesting proteases can attack other enzymes in the assay system, leading to poor stability of glycerol kinase and pyruvate kinase at pH 7.0. Interference ...
Structure-Based Prediction of Asparagine and Aspartate
... Figure 2. Occurrence of Asn and Asp amino acid motifs in the CDRs of a therapeutic mAb collection and a set of naturally occurring antibodies (IMGT). Black triangles show percentages of hotspots within Asn and Asp motifs of the experimental collection of 37 mAbs. Bars represent percentages of depict ...
... Figure 2. Occurrence of Asn and Asp amino acid motifs in the CDRs of a therapeutic mAb collection and a set of naturally occurring antibodies (IMGT). Black triangles show percentages of hotspots within Asn and Asp motifs of the experimental collection of 37 mAbs. Bars represent percentages of depict ...
Document
... results in a system state that would be obtained if transactions were executed serially, i.e. one after the other. Providing isolation is the main goal of concurrency control. Depending on concurrency control method, the effects of an incomplete transaction might not even be visible to another trans ...
... results in a system state that would be obtained if transactions were executed serially, i.e. one after the other. Providing isolation is the main goal of concurrency control. Depending on concurrency control method, the effects of an incomplete transaction might not even be visible to another trans ...
B Vitamins and the Brain
... B vitamins act as coenzymes in a substantial proportion of the enzymatic processes that underpin every aspect of cellular physiological functioning. As a coenzyme the biologically active form of the vitamin binds within a protein “apoenzyme” creating a “holoenzyme”, thereby increasing the resultant ...
... B vitamins act as coenzymes in a substantial proportion of the enzymatic processes that underpin every aspect of cellular physiological functioning. As a coenzyme the biologically active form of the vitamin binds within a protein “apoenzyme” creating a “holoenzyme”, thereby increasing the resultant ...
Vanillin formation from ferulic acid in Vanilla planifolia is catalysed
... pods1,3. In high concentrations vanillin is toxic to living cells. In the pod it is produced and stored as non-toxic vanillin glucoside, which upon tissue damage is hydrolysed to form the active defense compound, vanillin. Production of vanillin from the orchids is laborious, slow and costly. Five h ...
... pods1,3. In high concentrations vanillin is toxic to living cells. In the pod it is produced and stored as non-toxic vanillin glucoside, which upon tissue damage is hydrolysed to form the active defense compound, vanillin. Production of vanillin from the orchids is laborious, slow and costly. Five h ...
Analysis of the Role of Mitochondria of Sake in Fermentation Technologies
... (Takaya 2009). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cytochrome oxidase has been reported to reduce nitrite, which produces nitric oxide (NO) and mitochondrial electron potential (Castello et al. 2008), although the homolog of the nitrate reductase gene is not contained in the genome of S. cerevisiae. The ro ...
... (Takaya 2009). In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, cytochrome oxidase has been reported to reduce nitrite, which produces nitric oxide (NO) and mitochondrial electron potential (Castello et al. 2008), although the homolog of the nitrate reductase gene is not contained in the genome of S. cerevisiae. The ro ...
Ch31-Gluconeogenesis and Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels
... as NAD or as NADH. As the levels of NADH rise, those of NAD fall, and the ratio of the concentrations of NADH and NAD ([NADH]/[NAD]) increases. In the presence of ethanol, which is very rapidly oxidized in the liver, the [NADH]/[NAD] ratio is much higher than it is in the normal fasting liver. ...
... as NAD or as NADH. As the levels of NADH rise, those of NAD fall, and the ratio of the concentrations of NADH and NAD ([NADH]/[NAD]) increases. In the presence of ethanol, which is very rapidly oxidized in the liver, the [NADH]/[NAD] ratio is much higher than it is in the normal fasting liver. ...
Accuracy of initial codon selection by aminoacyl
... amino acids and three stop codons encoding termination of peptide elongation. The sense codons in the ORFs of mRNAs are translated on ribosomes by aminoacylated tRNAs (1). Rapid synthesis of the bacterial proteome requires that aminoacyl-tRNAs (aatRNAs) in ternary complex (T3) with elongation factor ...
... amino acids and three stop codons encoding termination of peptide elongation. The sense codons in the ORFs of mRNAs are translated on ribosomes by aminoacylated tRNAs (1). Rapid synthesis of the bacterial proteome requires that aminoacyl-tRNAs (aatRNAs) in ternary complex (T3) with elongation factor ...
Chemical polymerization of aniline in phenylphosphinic
... without purification ´ 100/g aniline. The oligomer fractions (containing oligomeric and secondary products) were determined by the difference between % conversion and % dry polymer after purification. The yield (%) represents the grams of dry purified polymer per 100 g aniline. The oxidation of anil ...
... without purification ´ 100/g aniline. The oligomer fractions (containing oligomeric and secondary products) were determined by the difference between % conversion and % dry polymer after purification. The yield (%) represents the grams of dry purified polymer per 100 g aniline. The oxidation of anil ...
Effect of vitamin C on collagen biosynthesis and degree of
... 1998). Now emerges, the need for biosynthesis of collagen. From the previous sections it is evident that vitamin C has proved to be fruitful in biosynthesis of collagen. Linearly polarized light that illuminates skin is backscattered by superficial layers and rapidly depolarized by birefringent coll ...
... 1998). Now emerges, the need for biosynthesis of collagen. From the previous sections it is evident that vitamin C has proved to be fruitful in biosynthesis of collagen. Linearly polarized light that illuminates skin is backscattered by superficial layers and rapidly depolarized by birefringent coll ...
Methods and strategies of peptide ligation
... Thus far, NT-Cys, Ser, Thr, His, and Trp, containing weak-base nucleophiles such as a thiol, amine, or hydroxyl group on their side chains spatially separated by two atoms from their ␣-amines, have been found to be most useful. Their function as the NTamine-nucleophiles is lost when they are placed ...
... Thus far, NT-Cys, Ser, Thr, His, and Trp, containing weak-base nucleophiles such as a thiol, amine, or hydroxyl group on their side chains spatially separated by two atoms from their ␣-amines, have been found to be most useful. Their function as the NTamine-nucleophiles is lost when they are placed ...
The Mechanism of Enterohepatic Circulation in the Formation of
... body. Hence, approximately 95 % of the bile acids distributed to the duodenum are reabsorbed into venous blood within the ileum and colon, and subsequently, through mesenteric vein, they arrive at the portal vein, finally they approach the sinusoids of the liver. And hepatocytes reuptake the bile ac ...
... body. Hence, approximately 95 % of the bile acids distributed to the duodenum are reabsorbed into venous blood within the ileum and colon, and subsequently, through mesenteric vein, they arrive at the portal vein, finally they approach the sinusoids of the liver. And hepatocytes reuptake the bile ac ...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Functional Expression and Stabilization of Horseradish Peroxidase by Directed Evolution in
... HRP has long been utilized in life sciences as a reporter for a variety of diagnostic assays, in histochemical staining, and in biosensors (Veitch and Smith, 2000). HRP has been considered for applications in chemical synthesis, where it catalyzes a number of potentially interesting oxidative reacti ...
... HRP has long been utilized in life sciences as a reporter for a variety of diagnostic assays, in histochemical staining, and in biosensors (Veitch and Smith, 2000). HRP has been considered for applications in chemical synthesis, where it catalyzes a number of potentially interesting oxidative reacti ...
Glycoside hydrolases: Catalytic base
... an acid and then as a base in two steps: glycosylation and deglycosylation, respectively. In the first step, it facilitates departure of the leaving group by donating a proton to the glycosyl oxygen atom while the nucleophile forms an enzyme sequestered covalent intermediate. In the second step, the ...
... an acid and then as a base in two steps: glycosylation and deglycosylation, respectively. In the first step, it facilitates departure of the leaving group by donating a proton to the glycosyl oxygen atom while the nucleophile forms an enzyme sequestered covalent intermediate. In the second step, the ...
Glycogen Metabolism
... • Allosteric regulation is the regulation of an enzyme’s activity by the binding of an effector molecule at a site other than the active site. It can be positive or negative • The inactive phosphorylated form, b, of glycogen synthase is allosterically activated by glucose-6phosphate ...
... • Allosteric regulation is the regulation of an enzyme’s activity by the binding of an effector molecule at a site other than the active site. It can be positive or negative • The inactive phosphorylated form, b, of glycogen synthase is allosterically activated by glucose-6phosphate ...