• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Chocolate Flavour Review - Author`s Copy, CRFSN 2008
Chocolate Flavour Review - Author`s Copy, CRFSN 2008

... However, TcAP2 expression is induced to higher levels suggesting that the gene encodes the primary aspartic proteinase in the mature seed. It should also be noted that T. cacao seeds have unusually high levels of such aspartic proteinase activity (Voigt et al., 1994a). Guilloteau et al. (2005) noted ...
Life 9e - Garvness
Life 9e - Garvness

... experimental drug, Aicar, may aid in treating this disorder. It works by a. increasing the rate of glucose oxidation. b. decreasing oxidative phosphorylation from ATP. c. increasing the breakdown of fat to yield ATP. d. stimulating production of fast-twitch muscle fibers. e. converting slow-twitch m ...
Lecture 33 - University of Arizona
Lecture 33 - University of Arizona

... uses Pi to remove one glucose at a time from nonreducing ends of glycogen resulting in the formation of glucose-1P.. Glycogen synthase - enzyme catalyzing the addition of glucose residues to nonreducing ends of glycogen using UDP-glucose as the glucose donor. Branching and debranching enzymes - thes ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... analyzed stable hydrogen isotopes in feathers to estimate the distance that each individual travels between its breeding and predicted wintering grounds. We expected that individuals in the south would show little difference in the isotopic composition of feathers grown on the breeding and wintering ...
Ryoji Noyori - Nobel Lecture
Ryoji Noyori - Nobel Lecture

... in 2001)[14] and L. Horner[15] reported independently the first homogeneously catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of olefins with chiral monodentate tertiary phosphine–Rh complexes, albeit in 3–15% optical yield[16]. H. B. Kagan provided a major breakthrough in this area in 1971, when he devised DIOP ...
Glycogen Metabolism by Dr Tarek File
Glycogen Metabolism by Dr Tarek File

... Symptoms in addition to excess glycogen storage:  When a genetic defect affects mainly an isoform of an enzyme expressed in liver, a common symptom is hypoglycemia, relating to impaired mobilization of glucose for release to the blood during fasting.  When the defect is in muscle tissue, weakness ...
The Future of Human Embryo Culture Media – Or Have We
The Future of Human Embryo Culture Media – Or Have We

A1018 High oleic GM soybean AppR SD1 Safety Assess AMENDED
A1018 High oleic GM soybean AppR SD1 Safety Assess AMENDED

... largely to the seed, as this is primarily where the gm-fad2-1 gene is expressed (see Section 3.2). Fatty acid biosynthesis functions normally in other plant parts such as the leaves. Soybean 305423 also contains a complete gene sequence that encodes a modified version of the soybean acetolactate syn ...
universidade estadual de maringá metabolic alterations caused by
universidade estadual de maringá metabolic alterations caused by

... activity as an uncoupler. At higher concentrations, however, several other effects may become significant, including inhibition of mitochondrial electron flow and inhibition of medium-chain fatty acid oxidation. In metabolic ...


... is thought to be an immune evasion strategy, possibly evolved to avoid splenic clearance. The best-characterised VSA are encoded by the var genes. This gene family, encompassing about 60 members per genome, encodes the variant protein P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1), which is l ...
Gene Section SOX10 (SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 10)
Gene Section SOX10 (SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 10)

... with three alpha-helical regions and close similarity to the one found in the male sex determining factor SRY. SOX10 functions as transcription factor and structural protein in chromatin. SOX9 and SOX8 are its closest relatives among human SOX proteins. ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences

... the structure and function of biomolecules, the immune system provides a highly evolved natural process to generate one class of complex biomolecules – the antibodies. A combination of the two could be exploited to generate new classes of molecules with novel functions. Indeed, one example of this p ...
Call 1-800-777-1324, Fax 1-207-695
Call 1-800-777-1324, Fax 1-207-695

... level of GH. Arginine is a precursor to creatine and the neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO), which can help in maintaining normal blood flow and pressure, as well as mental and sexual functioning. It may help to support healthy blood vessel and immune function, connective tissue condition and increa ...
The Utilization by Yeasts of Acids of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
The Utilization by Yeasts of Acids of the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

... When the rate of acetate oxidation was steady (usually after about 20 min.) the automatic pipette was removed from the bath, 0.5 ml. [l:2-14C] acetate solution (prepared by mixing equal portions of [1-W] and [2-14C]acetate, and containing 18.5 pmole of acetate, 100 pc., and giving 6.5 x 106 counts/m ...
Amendment Determination 2007
Amendment Determination 2007

... documented in the patient's medical records, and are no more than 4 months old, at the time glitazone treatment is initiated ...
Preview Sample 2
Preview Sample 2

... 58) Which of the following is NOT a property of smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A) steroid hormone synthesis B) stores calcium C) in liver cells, it contains detoxifying enzymes D) forms transport vesicles to move proteins to the Golgi apparatus E) contains the enzyme catalase Answer: E Diff: 4 Page ...
variability of antioxidant activity among honeybee
variability of antioxidant activity among honeybee

... who reported that the major pollen types represented in any one bee pollen tends to be rather small. It has been claimed that bees are selective in their harvesting of pollen of wild over cultivated species of plants. It is of interest that in the present, as well as in other studies as yet not repo ...
Nucleic Acids Research
Nucleic Acids Research

... T37) and a major, "short start" transcript (5' end:nucleotides 679-683, Ach5; nucleotides 649-653, T37). Each of these starts is preceded by a canonical "TATA box" approximately 30 nucleotides upstream. Significantly, the "TATA box" (5'-TATAAA) for the "short" transcript has been mutated at nucleoti ...
Systems biology of inborn errors of metabolism
Systems biology of inborn errors of metabolism

... understanding of the precise biochemical pathology involved. Constraint-based metabolic network reconstruction and modeling is the core systems biology methods to analyze the complex interactions between cellular components that maintain cellular homeostasis. Simultaneously, the global human metabol ...
Ch23-Oxidation of Fatty Acids and Ketone Bodies
Ch23-Oxidation of Fatty Acids and Ketone Bodies

... fatty acylcarnitine to the matrix side. Long-chain fatty acyl CoA, now located within the mitochondrial matrix, is a substrate for -oxidation. Carnitine is obtained from the diet or synthesized from the side chain of lysine by a pathway that begins in skeletal muscle, and is completed in the liver. ...
Model of Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism
Model of Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism

... MATERIALS S2: METABOLIC REACTIONS FLUX EXPRESSIONS The flux expressions for the compartmentalized lumped metabolic reactions that convert substrates to products in the two subcellular compartments (cytosol and mitochondria) in coupled with the energy controller pairs ATP-ADP and NADH-NAD+ are writte ...
HEMOGLOBIN Since native hemoglobin is readily oxidized in air
HEMOGLOBIN Since native hemoglobin is readily oxidized in air

... Hemoglobin is the major component of red blood cells, and is responsible for their red color. Its normal concentration in erythrocytes is 34%. Hemoglobin is the most important respiratory protein of vertebrates by virtue of its ability to transport oxygen from the lungs to body tissues, and to facil ...
The Chemistry and Evolution of Enzyme Function
The Chemistry and Evolution of Enzyme Function

Role of the non-respiratory pathways in the utilization of molecular
Role of the non-respiratory pathways in the utilization of molecular

... Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a facultative anaerobe devoid of mitochondrial alternative oxidase. In this yeast, the structure and biogenesis of the respiratory chain, on the one hand, and the functional interactions of oxidative phosphorylation with the cellular energetic metabolism, on the other, ar ...
The Proposed Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD
The Proposed Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD

... metabolism. In the same study it was found that in insect flight muscles the activities of both citrate synthase and NAD+ linked isocitrate dehydrogenase are high, indicating that the muscles involved in flight for insects depend on aerobic metabolism for energy production. The study concerns insect ...
< 1 ... 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ... 622 >

Amino acid synthesis

Amino acid synthesis is the set of biochemical processes (metabolic pathways) by which the various amino acids are produced from other compounds. The substrates for these processes are various compounds in the organism's diet or growth media. Not all organisms are able to synthesise all amino acids. Humans are excellent example of this, since humans can only synthesise 11 of the 20 standard amino acids (aka non-essential amino acid), and in time of accelerated growth, arginine, can be considered an essential amino acid.A fundamental problem for biological systems is to obtain nitrogen in an easily usable form. This problem is solved by certain microorganisms capable of reducing the inert N≡N molecule (nitrogen gas) to two molecules of ammonia in one of the most remarkable reactions in biochemistry. Ammonia is the source of nitrogen for all the amino acids. The carbon backbones come from the glycolytic pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, or the citric acid cycle.In amino acid production, one encounters an important problem in biosynthesis, namely stereochemical control. Because all amino acids except glycine are chiral, biosynthetic pathways must generate the correct isomer with high fidelity. In each of the 19 pathways for the generation of chiral amino acids, the stereochemistry at the α-carbon atom is established by a transamination reaction that involves pyridoxal phosphate. Almost all the transaminases that catalyze these reactions descend from a common ancestor, illustrating once again that effective solutions to biochemical problems are retained throughout evolution.Biosynthetic pathways are often highly regulated such that building-blocks are synthesized only when supplies are low. Very often, a high concentration of the final product of a pathway inhibits the activity of enzymes that function early in the pathway. Often present are allosteric enzymes capable of sensing and responding to concentrations of regulatory species. These enzymes are similar in functional properties to aspartate transcarbamoylase and its regulators. Feedback and allosteric mechanisms ensure that all twenty amino acids are maintained in sufficient amounts for protein synthesis and other processes.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report