Respiration and Fermentation
... b. 2 ATP are used to prepare pyruvate for Krebs Cycle. c. on average, 2 ATP are lost due to spontaneous breakdown. d. 2 ATP were used to activate the glucose in order to start glycolysis. 37. The oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is a crucial step of glycolysis because a. it converts the molec ...
... b. 2 ATP are used to prepare pyruvate for Krebs Cycle. c. on average, 2 ATP are lost due to spontaneous breakdown. d. 2 ATP were used to activate the glucose in order to start glycolysis. 37. The oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is a crucial step of glycolysis because a. it converts the molec ...
Regulation of Glycolysis
... Because the principle function of glycolysis is to produce ATP, it must be regulated so that ATP is generated only when needed. The enzyme which controls the flux of metabolites through the glycolytic pathway is phosphofructokinase (PFK-1). PFK-1 is an allosteric enzyme that occupies the key regulat ...
... Because the principle function of glycolysis is to produce ATP, it must be regulated so that ATP is generated only when needed. The enzyme which controls the flux of metabolites through the glycolytic pathway is phosphofructokinase (PFK-1). PFK-1 is an allosteric enzyme that occupies the key regulat ...
9) Several oxygen saturation curves are shown in the figure below
... Which of the following vitamin coenzymes is most likely to participate in this reaction? A) thiamine pyrophosphate B) coenzyme A C) tetrahydrofolate D) cobalamin E) biotin 29) You are seeing a 65 year old woman who recently had gastric bypass surgery and who has developed symptoms of fatigue and wea ...
... Which of the following vitamin coenzymes is most likely to participate in this reaction? A) thiamine pyrophosphate B) coenzyme A C) tetrahydrofolate D) cobalamin E) biotin 29) You are seeing a 65 year old woman who recently had gastric bypass surgery and who has developed symptoms of fatigue and wea ...
200 µmol /L is far too low a concentration of ammonium to affect
... The effect of forming glutamate from ketoglutarate is to deplete the mitochondrial pool of ketoglutarate, which is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle. As a result, the rate of citric acid cycle activity falls, so reducing very considerably the rate of formation of ATP. It is this lack of AT ...
... The effect of forming glutamate from ketoglutarate is to deplete the mitochondrial pool of ketoglutarate, which is a key intermediate in the citric acid cycle. As a result, the rate of citric acid cycle activity falls, so reducing very considerably the rate of formation of ATP. It is this lack of AT ...
Cell and Molecular Biology
... • Cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contain a network of interconnecting membranes. This extensive structure is called endoplasmic reticulum. • It consists of membranes with smooth appearance in some areas and rough appearance in some areasSmooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum. ww ...
... • Cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contain a network of interconnecting membranes. This extensive structure is called endoplasmic reticulum. • It consists of membranes with smooth appearance in some areas and rough appearance in some areasSmooth endoplasmic reticulum and rough endoplasmic reticulum. ww ...
Lecture 2: Glycolysis Part 1 - Berkeley MCB
... of ATP, generating a low energy phosphate bond at about 12 kJ/mol. Downhill reaction. PFK Regulation & The Pasteur Effect. The fact that PFK is important in regulation came from the old experiments of Louis Pasteur, and it is still called the Pasteur Effect. Yeast often convert glucose into two mole ...
... of ATP, generating a low energy phosphate bond at about 12 kJ/mol. Downhill reaction. PFK Regulation & The Pasteur Effect. The fact that PFK is important in regulation came from the old experiments of Louis Pasteur, and it is still called the Pasteur Effect. Yeast often convert glucose into two mole ...
Chapter 20 – Proteins
... groups within a category because of different sizes and shapes) will disrupt coils and side-byside associations. This contributes to the 3-dimensional structure of a protein. The two most common secondary structures are the α-helix and β-pleated sheet. We begin with the former. You have, of course, ...
... groups within a category because of different sizes and shapes) will disrupt coils and side-byside associations. This contributes to the 3-dimensional structure of a protein. The two most common secondary structures are the α-helix and β-pleated sheet. We begin with the former. You have, of course, ...
Slayt 1 - Cumhuriyet University
... Intracellular vesicles containing membrane-imbedded GLUT4 transporters fuse with the plasma membrane GLUT4 transporters in muscle or adipose cell surface increases capacity of the cell to transport glucose. ...
... Intracellular vesicles containing membrane-imbedded GLUT4 transporters fuse with the plasma membrane GLUT4 transporters in muscle or adipose cell surface increases capacity of the cell to transport glucose. ...
ADP, ATP and Cellular Respiration Powerpoint
... Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen; the process uses a respiratory electron transport Definition Aerobic respiration uses oxygen chain but does not use oxygen as the electron acceptors ...
... Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen; the process uses a respiratory electron transport Definition Aerobic respiration uses oxygen chain but does not use oxygen as the electron acceptors ...
Skeletal muscle substrate metabolism
... In order to understand substrate selection of working muscle cells we must consider how the pathways for oxygen and substrates converge at the mitochondria and how substrate ¯uxes intervene with setting oxygen consumption. The O2 pathway from the environment to muscle mitochondria is simple: it foll ...
... In order to understand substrate selection of working muscle cells we must consider how the pathways for oxygen and substrates converge at the mitochondria and how substrate ¯uxes intervene with setting oxygen consumption. The O2 pathway from the environment to muscle mitochondria is simple: it foll ...
Slide 1
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules The citric acid cycle – is also called the Krebs cycle (after the German-British researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), – completes the oxidation of ...
The amino acids
... • Calculate for each secondary structure type how many amino acids are in that structure type (in % of all amino acids) • Calculate for each amino acid type the distribution across secondary structure types (in % of all amino acids of that type) • Calculate the preference score ...
... • Calculate for each secondary structure type how many amino acids are in that structure type (in % of all amino acids) • Calculate for each amino acid type the distribution across secondary structure types (in % of all amino acids of that type) • Calculate the preference score ...
Chapter 5 Macromolecules
... • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • The unifying feature of lipids is having little or no affinity for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar covalent bonds • The most biologically important lip ...
... • Lipids are the one class of large biological molecules that do not form polymers • The unifying feature of lipids is having little or no affinity for water • Lipids are hydrophobic because they consist mostly of hydrocarbons, which form nonpolar covalent bonds • The most biologically important lip ...
REGULATION OF KETONE BODY AND COENZYME A
... acetone (for extensive reviews of ketone body metabolism, see (1-3). Ketone bodies are strongly acidic and water-soluble compounds derived from the partial beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in liver. Acetone is formed by the decarboxylation of AcAc, catalyzed by free amino groups of proteins ...
... acetone (for extensive reviews of ketone body metabolism, see (1-3). Ketone bodies are strongly acidic and water-soluble compounds derived from the partial beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids in liver. Acetone is formed by the decarboxylation of AcAc, catalyzed by free amino groups of proteins ...
Unit7CellRespirationTargetPractice
... concentration of protons is _________________ in the intermembrane space than in the matrix of the mitochondria. The protons cannot freely _____________ across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Protons move across the inner membrane via a large protein called _________________; the energy rele ...
... concentration of protons is _________________ in the intermembrane space than in the matrix of the mitochondria. The protons cannot freely _____________ across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. Protons move across the inner membrane via a large protein called _________________; the energy rele ...
N-Acetylneuraminic acid
... Sialic acid is a commonly used generic term for O- or N-substituted derivatives of the ninecarbon monosaccharide neuraminic acid. N-Acetylneuraminic acid is the most common derivative found in mammalian cells, and sialic acid is often used to refer specifically to this molecule. The abbreviations Ne ...
... Sialic acid is a commonly used generic term for O- or N-substituted derivatives of the ninecarbon monosaccharide neuraminic acid. N-Acetylneuraminic acid is the most common derivative found in mammalian cells, and sialic acid is often used to refer specifically to this molecule. The abbreviations Ne ...
Exam_2005 - The University of Sydney
... 5 mg ATP In a healthy cell, the [ATP] is always much less than the [ADP] The total adenine nucleotide pool ([ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]) in cells is about 5 mM ATP can be produced in the mitochondria of liver cells and transported in the blood for use by the muscle At room temperature, a 5 mM solution of ...
... 5 mg ATP In a healthy cell, the [ATP] is always much less than the [ADP] The total adenine nucleotide pool ([ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]) in cells is about 5 mM ATP can be produced in the mitochondria of liver cells and transported in the blood for use by the muscle At room temperature, a 5 mM solution of ...
CHAPTER 7, CELLULAR RESPIRATION In Eukaryotic Cells, the
... 1. The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN makes up the Second Stage of Aerobic Respiration. 2. In EUKARYOTIC CELLS the Electron Transport chain LINES the INNER MEMBRANE of the Mitochondrion, the inner membrane has many long folds called CRISTAE. 3. In Prokaryotes, the Electron Transport Chain LINES the CELL M ...
... 1. The ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN makes up the Second Stage of Aerobic Respiration. 2. In EUKARYOTIC CELLS the Electron Transport chain LINES the INNER MEMBRANE of the Mitochondrion, the inner membrane has many long folds called CRISTAE. 3. In Prokaryotes, the Electron Transport Chain LINES the CELL M ...
Regulation of blood glucose (Homeostasis)
... a- Stimulation of glycogenolysis: the increased levels of glucagon stimulate glycogenolysis and begin to supply glucose to the blood. Liver glycogen is nearly exhausted after (10-18) hours of fasting; therefore, hepatic glycogenolysis is a transient response to early fasting. ...
... a- Stimulation of glycogenolysis: the increased levels of glucagon stimulate glycogenolysis and begin to supply glucose to the blood. Liver glycogen is nearly exhausted after (10-18) hours of fasting; therefore, hepatic glycogenolysis is a transient response to early fasting. ...
2014
... The enzymes that act on these polymers to mobilize glucose for metabolism act only on their nonreducing ends. With extensive branching, there are more such ends for enzymatic attack than would be present in the same quantity of glucose stored in a linear polymer. In effect, branched polymers increas ...
... The enzymes that act on these polymers to mobilize glucose for metabolism act only on their nonreducing ends. With extensive branching, there are more such ends for enzymatic attack than would be present in the same quantity of glucose stored in a linear polymer. In effect, branched polymers increas ...
The Roles of Amino Acids in Milk Yield and Components
... corresponding keto-acid is provided in the diet. Racemic mixtures of D and L-isomers of AAs can provide an effective source of supplemental AA to balance rations. The ketoacid produced following action of D-oxidase has no racemic center and so it can be reaminated to yield the L-isomer. Therefore, k ...
... corresponding keto-acid is provided in the diet. Racemic mixtures of D and L-isomers of AAs can provide an effective source of supplemental AA to balance rations. The ketoacid produced following action of D-oxidase has no racemic center and so it can be reaminated to yield the L-isomer. Therefore, k ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... ______ NADH oxidized ______ Flavoprotein oxidized ______ Fe-S protein oxidized ______ Flavoprotein reduced ______ Fe-S protein reduced ______ Ubiquinone reduced ______ Oxygen reduced ______ cyt a3 passes electrons to oxygen ______ Ubiquinone passes electrons to cytochromes ______ Reduced oxygen pick ...
... ______ NADH oxidized ______ Flavoprotein oxidized ______ Fe-S protein oxidized ______ Flavoprotein reduced ______ Fe-S protein reduced ______ Ubiquinone reduced ______ Oxygen reduced ______ cyt a3 passes electrons to oxygen ______ Ubiquinone passes electrons to cytochromes ______ Reduced oxygen pick ...
ATPs and - Walton High
... microorganisms plays an essential role in the manufacture of food products such as yogurt and cheese. ...
... microorganisms plays an essential role in the manufacture of food products such as yogurt and cheese. ...