CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... ______ NADH oxidized ______ Flavoprotein oxidized ______ Fe-S protein oxidized ______ Flavoprotein reduced ______ Fe-S protein reduced ______ Ubiquinone reduced ______ Oxygen reduced ______ cyt a3 passes electrons to oxygen ______ Ubiquinone passes electrons to cytochromes ______ Reduced oxygen pick ...
... ______ NADH oxidized ______ Flavoprotein oxidized ______ Fe-S protein oxidized ______ Flavoprotein reduced ______ Fe-S protein reduced ______ Ubiquinone reduced ______ Oxygen reduced ______ cyt a3 passes electrons to oxygen ______ Ubiquinone passes electrons to cytochromes ______ Reduced oxygen pick ...
PYRUVATE OXIDATION, KREBS CYCLE agnes je... 583KB Nov 04
... 2 pyruvate + 2 NAD + 2 CoA -> 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2H2+ 2 CO2 • acetyl CoA - central molecule in energy metabolism o proteins, lipids, can also be broken down into acetyl CoA o can produce fat or ATP, depending on ATP levels in the cell ...
... 2 pyruvate + 2 NAD + 2 CoA -> 2 acetyl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2H2+ 2 CO2 • acetyl CoA - central molecule in energy metabolism o proteins, lipids, can also be broken down into acetyl CoA o can produce fat or ATP, depending on ATP levels in the cell ...
III. Metabolism
... TPP is an Essential Cofactor of Pyruvate Decarboxylase Decarboxylation of α-keto acids requires the build up of a negative charge on the carbonyl carbon. Transition state is stabilized by delocalization of the developing neg. charge into a “electron sink”. ...
... TPP is an Essential Cofactor of Pyruvate Decarboxylase Decarboxylation of α-keto acids requires the build up of a negative charge on the carbonyl carbon. Transition state is stabilized by delocalization of the developing neg. charge into a “electron sink”. ...
16. Energy Metabolism
... depending on economic factors, climate, geographical location, development of agriculture and other technologies, and the cultural habits and energy requirements of different peoples. Our examples are chosen largely from the diets eaten in the United States, Canada, and many parts of Europe, where t ...
... depending on economic factors, climate, geographical location, development of agriculture and other technologies, and the cultural habits and energy requirements of different peoples. Our examples are chosen largely from the diets eaten in the United States, Canada, and many parts of Europe, where t ...
The Krebs Cycle - Advanced
... of energy for cellular work. The following equation describes the overall process, although it summarizes many individual chemical reactions. ...
... of energy for cellular work. The following equation describes the overall process, although it summarizes many individual chemical reactions. ...
Introduction to Organic Chemistry
... Lipid Review Questions • Please list at least three jobs that lipids play in living organisms. • Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fats. Be able to give an example of each. • Compare and contrast the amount of energy stored in a lipid versus a carbohydrate. Explain why this might be t ...
... Lipid Review Questions • Please list at least three jobs that lipids play in living organisms. • Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fats. Be able to give an example of each. • Compare and contrast the amount of energy stored in a lipid versus a carbohydrate. Explain why this might be t ...
BCH 301 CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
... Isomerisation of citric acid into Cis- aconitate, then into isocitric acid. Req. Fe2+ as a cofactor. Which suggest its role in the formation of carbonium by promoting the dissociation of the hydroxyl group. ...
... Isomerisation of citric acid into Cis- aconitate, then into isocitric acid. Req. Fe2+ as a cofactor. Which suggest its role in the formation of carbonium by promoting the dissociation of the hydroxyl group. ...
Chapter 8
... • Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
... • Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, NADH and FADH2 account for most of the energy extracted from food • These two electron carriers donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation ...
Harvesting Energy
... Pyruvic acid can be metabolized in two possible pathways, depending on whether or not oxygen is present. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid undergoes fermentation. During fermentation, pyruvic acid might be converted into lactate (as in highly active human muscles) or ethanol (as in yeast), but ...
... Pyruvic acid can be metabolized in two possible pathways, depending on whether or not oxygen is present. In the absence of oxygen, pyruvic acid undergoes fermentation. During fermentation, pyruvic acid might be converted into lactate (as in highly active human muscles) or ethanol (as in yeast), but ...
Organic Chemistry - mscurransclasses
... Lipid Review Questions • Please list at least three jobs that lipids play in living organisms. • Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fats. Be able to give an example of each. • Compare and contrast the amount of energy stored in a lipid versus a carbohydrate. Explain why this might be t ...
... Lipid Review Questions • Please list at least three jobs that lipids play in living organisms. • Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated fats. Be able to give an example of each. • Compare and contrast the amount of energy stored in a lipid versus a carbohydrate. Explain why this might be t ...
HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY
... Since they have no mitochondria, all of aerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm, and the ETC occurs on the cell membrane E. Anaerobic respiration Occurs in certain bacteria Has the same stages as aerobic respiration: Glycolysis Oxidation of pyruvate Kreb’s cycle ETC However, O2 is NOT the f ...
... Since they have no mitochondria, all of aerobic respiration takes place in the cytoplasm, and the ETC occurs on the cell membrane E. Anaerobic respiration Occurs in certain bacteria Has the same stages as aerobic respiration: Glycolysis Oxidation of pyruvate Kreb’s cycle ETC However, O2 is NOT the f ...
Citric acid cycle ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN AND
... • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the citric acid cycle • Fats are broken up and fed into glycolysis and the citric acid cycle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... • Proteins can be digested to amino acids, which are chemically altered and then used in the citric acid cycle • Fats are broken up and fed into glycolysis and the citric acid cycle Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Universal Functional and Model Consistency Testing
... production of principle metabolites is discussed as part of the production of precursor metabolites, amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, glycogen and cholesterol. These tests represented the most essential metabolic functions that are common to the three cell types. Biomass equations, although differe ...
... production of principle metabolites is discussed as part of the production of precursor metabolites, amino acids, lipids, nucleotides, glycogen and cholesterol. These tests represented the most essential metabolic functions that are common to the three cell types. Biomass equations, although differe ...
The digestive system
... The liver and the pancreas play important part in digestion. The liver produces bile, which helps the digestion of fat. The pancreas produces chemicals called digestive enzymes. Things that are not digested Minerals, vitamins and water are already small enough to be absorbed by the body without bein ...
... The liver and the pancreas play important part in digestion. The liver produces bile, which helps the digestion of fat. The pancreas produces chemicals called digestive enzymes. Things that are not digested Minerals, vitamins and water are already small enough to be absorbed by the body without bein ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... minerals. Cofactor can be an organic molecule, metal ion, or organometallic complex. Cofactors can be either: • Cosubstrate = small organic molecule that associates only transiently with an enzyme. Later associates with another enzyme. • Prosthetic Group = a molecule that is permanently and tightly ...
... minerals. Cofactor can be an organic molecule, metal ion, or organometallic complex. Cofactors can be either: • Cosubstrate = small organic molecule that associates only transiently with an enzyme. Later associates with another enzyme. • Prosthetic Group = a molecule that is permanently and tightly ...
AnSc 5311 Ruminant Nutrition Microbial Fermentation of
... Ruminal cellulolytic organisms – cellulase activity is cellassociated, not found in cell-free ruminal fluid ...
... Ruminal cellulolytic organisms – cellulase activity is cellassociated, not found in cell-free ruminal fluid ...
Reactive Oxygen Species I. Free radicals & ROS Defined II. Sources
... Transcriptional regulation of the rat GSTA2 and NQO1 genes by bifunctional and monofunctional inducers. The bifunctional inducers and the dioxin TCDD bind to and activate the AhR, which then translocates into the nucleus and associates with ARNT to activate transcription through the XRE. The bifunct ...
... Transcriptional regulation of the rat GSTA2 and NQO1 genes by bifunctional and monofunctional inducers. The bifunctional inducers and the dioxin TCDD bind to and activate the AhR, which then translocates into the nucleus and associates with ARNT to activate transcription through the XRE. The bifunct ...
Amino Acids and Proteins
... Amino acids found in proteins are aamino acids. The amino group is always found on the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group ...
... Amino acids found in proteins are aamino acids. The amino group is always found on the carbon adjacent to the carboxyl group ...
Responses to challenges
... to completion eventually. however this only tells us about the thermodynamics of the reactions. therefore, yes an enzyme be used to to speed up the process (showing us the kinetics). now since we are talking abotu regulating metabolic flux, we are looking to find an enzyme that will catalize a porti ...
... to completion eventually. however this only tells us about the thermodynamics of the reactions. therefore, yes an enzyme be used to to speed up the process (showing us the kinetics). now since we are talking abotu regulating metabolic flux, we are looking to find an enzyme that will catalize a porti ...
