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Nucleotide File
Nucleotide File

... nucleotides. De novo synthesis of pyrimidines and purines follows two different pathways. Pyrimidines are synthesized first from aspartate and carbamoyl-phosphate in the cytoplasm to the common precursor ring structure orotic acid, onto which a phosphorylated ribosyl unit is covalently linked. Purin ...
Intracerebral Microdialysis of Extracellular Amino Acids in the
Intracerebral Microdialysis of Extracellular Amino Acids in the

... amino acids were detected in relation to the spon­ taneous as well as the electrically induced seizures. Aspartate displayed the largest increases ranging from 1. 3 to 79. 0 times the basal levels. Glutamate increased between 1. 8 and 16. 2, serine between 1.5 and 8. 8, and glycine between 1.4 and 2 ...
Electron Transport Chain Questions
Electron Transport Chain Questions

... 3. Where in the cell does glycolysis take place? In the cytoplasm (cytosol) of the cell 4. How many ATP are used (changed to ADP) in the first half of glycolysis? 2 ATP are used 5. How many ATP are made from ADP in the second half of glycolysis? 4 ATP are made 6. What is the net gain of ATP for glyc ...
Cellular Energy
Cellular Energy

... Glycolysis • During glycolysis: – Energy is invested as 2 ATPs are hydrolyzed during steps 1 and 3 – One 6 carbon carbohydrate intermediate is split (lysis) into two 3 carbon carbohydrate intermediates during step 4 – each of the 3 carbon carbohydrate intermediates molecules lose a H (becoming oxid ...
2 ATP - HONORS BIOLOGY
2 ATP - HONORS BIOLOGY

... Occurs in the Matrix of the Mitochondria Everything in the Krebs Cycle happens twice because there are two pyruvates from glycolysis. 1) Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and immediately loses a CO2 and makes a NADH forming acetic acid which binds to an enzyme called Co-enzyme A. CO2 Acetic Acid + Co ...
Redox Reactions and Cofactors
Redox Reactions and Cofactors

... A coenzyme synthesized in plants and animals as a 6,8-dithiooctanoic acid. The role of α-lipoic acid in metabolic reactions is to provide a reactive disulfide that can participate in redox reactions within the enzyme active site. Lipoamide, the naturally occurring form of α-lipoic acid, is a covalen ...
ETC_2012 Quiz
ETC_2012 Quiz

... 40/10. She died within 15 minutes. After death, rigor mortis set in after 10 minutes and her temperature rose to 115oF after another 10 min. Among her personal effects a plastic bottle containing the weight loss pills were found, which on analysis proved to contain ...
PDF
PDF

... in the cellular structure, for example, a fixation of enzymes in mitochondria and thus an increased respiratory activity. From these results it seems clear that the period of metamorphosis can be regarded as consisting of three physiologically different parts: first a period of predominating histoly ...
Nucleotide Metabolism
Nucleotide Metabolism

... • Purine biosynthesis – Salvage is a major  pathway – Base synthesized while  attached to ribose – IMP is common  intermediate for AMP  and GMP, but itself is not  a typical nucleotide ...
Lifeline Week 6 Follow-Along Sheet Cellular Respiration
Lifeline Week 6 Follow-Along Sheet Cellular Respiration

... What is produced per GLUCOSE molecule? • _____ ATP • _____ NADH • _____ FADH2 • _____ CO2 ...
Chapter 6 Proteins & Amino Acids
Chapter 6 Proteins & Amino Acids

... Liver metabolizes amino acids, depending on bodily needs Most amino acids are sent into the blood to be picked up and used by the cells • Amino acid pool is limited but has many uses Protein turnover – the continual degradation and synthesizing of protein ...
Chem331 Lect 5 Amino acids peptides
Chem331 Lect 5 Amino acids peptides

... The Sequence of Amino Acids in a Protein Is a unique characteristic of every protein Is encoded by the nucleotide sequence of DNA Is thus a form of genetic information Is read from the amino terminus to the carboxyl terminus ...
The dinitrogenase reductase
The dinitrogenase reductase

... each round of fixation reaction: with six for reducing one N2 and two for reducing 2 H+ (to form H2). • The electrons mainly come from reduced ferredoxin (from photophosphorylation) or reduced flavodoxin (from oxidative phosphorylation) and are transferred to dinitrogenase via dinitrogenase reductas ...
Biology Unit 1-Quiz #2A
Biology Unit 1-Quiz #2A

... ________ 17) Why are phospholipids so important? ABCD- ...
C6H12O6 + 6 O2* 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP
C6H12O6 + 6 O2* 6 CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP

... goes through 2 Citric Acid Cycles ...
Metabolism
Metabolism

... – Glucose to Carbon dioxide + Water +Energy – C6H12O6 + O2 è 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38 ATP – Glucose is highly reduced; contains energy – Oxygen receives the electrons to form ...
Electron transport chains
Electron transport chains

... carrier molecules (NADH & FADH2) down to oxygen ...
Document
Document

... Regulation of glycolysis As with all metabolic pathways, glycolysis is under constant control by the body. The process is regulated by three enzymes: ...
Industrial Biotechnology
Industrial Biotechnology

... which binds to the Promoter P and initiates the synthesis of the various enzymes isomerase, kinase, epimerase) which convert L-arabinose to D-xylulose-5-phosphate, a form in which it can be utilized in the Pentose Phosphate pathway. • Positive control of protein synthesis also operates during catabo ...
Environmental enteric dysfunction is associated with carnitine
Environmental enteric dysfunction is associated with carnitine

... eaten any food for the day yet. Children ingested a solution of 1 g mannitol and 5 g lactulose completely dissolved in water while being observed not to have any spitting or spilling. A transparent urine collection bag was then affixed with additional adhesive, and clothing removed so the urine bag c ...
Glycolysis [Compatibility Mode]
Glycolysis [Compatibility Mode]

... The enzyme triose phosphate isomerase rapidly interconverts the molecules dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde phosphate. Glyceraldehyde phosphate is removed as soon as it is formed to be used in the next step of glycolysis. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (C3H5O3P1) → Glyceraldehyde phosphate ( ...
Week 6 Pre-Lecture Slides
Week 6 Pre-Lecture Slides

... Succinate ...
REVIEW: Bio 139 Lab Practical #1 All labs from beginning of the
REVIEW: Bio 139 Lab Practical #1 All labs from beginning of the

... General guidelines for preparation: Especially regarding the many biochemical tests, focus your effort on understanding each test, and how it relates to other tests. You should be able to summarize what type of metabolism or biochemical reaction is tested, what the significance of the test result is ...
Analytical Biochemistry 11:
Analytical Biochemistry 11:

... amino acid was involved but reduced recoveries wcrc observed when less than 40 mg was supplied. Under these conditions, the action of ninhydrin is not completely specific for a-amino nitrogen: thus y-amino-n-butyric acid yields almost all its nitrogen as ammonia. Citrulline and glutamine produce mor ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... fumarate through the purine nucleotide cycle (costs NRG): AMP + H2O → IMP + NH4+ ...
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Fatty acid metabolism

Fatty acids are a family of molecules classified within the lipid macronutrient class. One role of fatty acids within animal metabolism is energy production in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. When compared to other macronutrient classes (carbohydrates and protein), fatty acids yield the most ATP on an energy per gram basis by a pathway called β-oxidation. In addition, fatty acids are important for energy storage, phospholipid membrane formation, and signaling pathways. Fatty acid metabolism consists of catabolic processes that generate energy and primary metabolites from fatty acids, and anabolic processes that create biologically important molecules from fatty acids and other dietary sources.
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