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Slide 1
Slide 1

... released during cellular respiration. 6. Describe the general roles of dehydrogenase, NADH, and the electron transport chain in cellular respiration. 7. Compare the reactants, products, and energy yield of the three stages of cellular respiration. ...
Reduced lipid intake leads to changes in - Archimer
Reduced lipid intake leads to changes in - Archimer

... growth but liver fatty acid metabolism as well as muscle n-3 PUFA contents are affected in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (Torstensen et al., 2000; Bell et al., 2001 and 2002; Stubhaug et al., 2005). However, using a fish oil ‘finishing diet’ at the end of the experiment can partially restore the EPA ...
Manuscript title - Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable
Manuscript title - Journal of Tropical Resources and Sustainable

... showed that citric acid and malic acid were present at the level of 0.22 % w/w and 0.15% w/w. [3] reported citric acid as the major organic acid in fully ripened strawberry and mulberry genotype fruit. [4] reported that malic acid is the dominant acid in various types of olive fruit such as Memecik, ...
Respiration and Lipid Metabolism - Roberto Cezar | Fisiologista
Respiration and Lipid Metabolism - Roberto Cezar | Fisiologista

... generated by this reaction—one for each molecule of 1,3bisphosphoglycerate. This type of ATP synthesis, traditionally referred to as substrate-level phosphorylation, involves the direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate molecule to ADP, to form ATP. As we will see, ATP synthesis by subs ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... 1. Amino acid breakdown leads to the generation of keto-acid products which can be utilized for the synthesis of glucose by gluconoegensis (glucogenic amino acid) or ketone bodies (ketogenic amino acid). 2. The final outcome of amino acid catabolism (breakdown) is the removal of amino group from the ...
Protein Conformation and Function
Protein Conformation and Function

... • Results from interaction of side chains. • Protein folds into a tertiary structure. • This is typical of proteins called globular. – Found in egg and serum albumin, hemoglobin and myoglobin, and enzymes and antibodies. ...
respiratory chain
respiratory chain

... d) lonophores : e.g. antibiotic "valinomycin" and Nigericin . They are lipophilic substance. They have the ability to make a complex with cations as potassium "K+" and facilitate their transport into mitochondria and other biological membranes. They inhibit phosphorylation because they decrease both ...
Chapter 5 - macromolecules
Chapter 5 - macromolecules

... 3 carbon of one nucleotide and the phosphate on the 5 carbon on the next abc…lmnop • sugar-phosphate backbone (side of ladder) with nitrogenous bases as rungs of ladder • The sequence of bases along a DNA or mRNA polymer is the genetic code, the instructions – unique for each gene ...
Document
Document

... • Split to form 2 Glyceraldehyde 3phosphate • Final Products are: – 2 Pyruvic Acid (C3H4O3) • Compare to original glucose - C6H12O6 ...
Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle

...  releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!)  reduces 2 NAD  2 NADH (moves e )  produces 2 acetyl CoA ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
PowerPoint Presentation - Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration

... The ATP yield varies slightly depending on the type of shuttle used to transport electrons from the cytosol into the mitochondrion.  The mitochondrial inner membrane is impermeable to NADH, so the two electrons of the NADH produced in glycolysis must be conveyed into the mitochondrion by one of sev ...
PROTEIN
PROTEIN

... - Add crystallized of pure AA - Expensive , ineffective E.g. : premix rice ...
HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY: CELLULAR
HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY: CELLULAR

... from the inner membrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. New theories on energy production are emerging. a. Paul Boyer (UCLA) has suggested that movement of hydrogen ions through the basal unit makes the headpiece spin like a top, change shape, and pick up ADP and phosphate then combining them int ...
Chemical Properties of Amino Acids
Chemical Properties of Amino Acids

... low pH – maybe 0 or 1) and calculate its net charge 4. Slowly move up in pH to the first ionizable group’s pKa and  deprotonate it (reduce charge by 1) 5. Do this until each group is deprotonated.  Now you have  identified all charged forms and at which pH each  transition occurs. 6. Identify the fo ...
The Discovery of C4 Photosynthesis
The Discovery of C4 Photosynthesis

... ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) to form a six-carbon intermediate which immediately splits to form two C3 molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate. In the latter half of the next decade Marshall Hatch and Roger Slack with, PhD students Hilary Johnson and John Andrews, working at the Brisbane laboratory of the C ...
English
English

... bacteria and protozoa. It is the bacterial action in the rumen that allows ruminants to use large amounts of roughage.  These bacteria can change low-quality protein into the amino acids needed by the animal.  Amino acids are compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.  Amino A ...
AnimalDigestion-English
AnimalDigestion-English

... bacteria and protozoa. It is the bacterial action in the rumen that allows ruminants to use large amounts of roughage.  These bacteria can change low-quality protein into the amino acids needed by the animal.  Amino acids are compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.  Amino A ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... – 2. Oxidization of the remaining 2-carbon compound to form acetate – 3. Coenzyme A binds to the 2-carbon fragment forming acetyl coenzyme A • Products are CO2 , Acetyl CoA, and NADH ...
1 Atoms and Molecules
1 Atoms and Molecules

... electrons from four hydrogen atoms, is oxidized as it loses them to two oxygen atoms. The oxygen atoms of O2 , which had shared their electrons with each other, are reduced as they gain electrons from the carbon atom and from the hydrogen atoms. Electronegative implications: Because the electronegat ...
heartsprotein.easy.pdf
heartsprotein.easy.pdf

... acids appear will determine the 3 dimensional shape of the protein. Interactions between the different R groups will cause the protein to assume and maintain a specific structure. When proteins fold, different amino acids that are distant from each other in the long chain of amino acids, may be near ...
Basic mechanisms of normal and abnormal
Basic mechanisms of normal and abnormal

... lymph by a process termed absorption. Secretions and lumenal contents are moved from the mouth to the anus and eliminated by GI motility. The coordination of GI function is regulated in a synchronized way to maximize digestion and absorption by means of multiple control mechanisms. The liver and pan ...
Zygorrhynchus moelleri
Zygorrhynchus moelleri

... The ability of intact unstarved cells to oxidize tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, acetate and glucose was examined. At high pH values (6.8) only glucose and acetate stimulated the rate of oxygen uptake (Table 1). When the p H value was lowered to about 3.4 all the intermediates tested were ox ...
Biology 20 Final Review Package
Biology 20 Final Review Package

... 1. Differentiate between mechanical and chemical digestion and state the function of each. 2. Define ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. 3. Why are you able to swallow water while standing on your head? 4. How do the teeth and tongue function in digestion? 5. What prevents food from e ...
Fructose 6-Phosphate
Fructose 6-Phosphate

... Metabolism of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA In aerobic conditions pyruvate is converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). Acetyl CoA enters citric acid cycle where degrades to CO2 and H2O and the energy released during such oxidation is utilized in NADH and FADH2. Pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA in t ...
Macromolecules Review 1. What is the function of starch and
Macromolecules Review 1. What is the function of starch and

... 1. Differentiate between mechanical and chemical digestion and state the function of each. 2. Define ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination. 3. Why are you able to swallow water while standing on your head? 4. How do the teeth and tongue function in digestion? 5. What prevents food from e ...
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Fatty acid metabolism

Fatty acids are a family of molecules classified within the lipid macronutrient class. One role of fatty acids within animal metabolism is energy production in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis. When compared to other macronutrient classes (carbohydrates and protein), fatty acids yield the most ATP on an energy per gram basis by a pathway called β-oxidation. In addition, fatty acids are important for energy storage, phospholipid membrane formation, and signaling pathways. Fatty acid metabolism consists of catabolic processes that generate energy and primary metabolites from fatty acids, and anabolic processes that create biologically important molecules from fatty acids and other dietary sources.
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