identification of cell types in brain slices of the inferior colliculus
... of the dendritic tree. 9,22,25,33,51 The principal neuron is discshaped (called the ¯at neuron in rats) with dendrites that parallel the ®bro-dendritic laminae. A second, less common neuron with a different dendritic morphology is also found in all species studied (e.g. the less-¯at neuron in the ra ...
... of the dendritic tree. 9,22,25,33,51 The principal neuron is discshaped (called the ¯at neuron in rats) with dendrites that parallel the ®bro-dendritic laminae. A second, less common neuron with a different dendritic morphology is also found in all species studied (e.g. the less-¯at neuron in the ra ...
Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels
... neurons that comprise both glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited cells. Here we discuss recent work on the elucidation of neurochemical identities and physiological significance of these hypothalamic cells, including caveats resulting from the currently imprecise functional and molecular definitions ...
... neurons that comprise both glucose-excited and glucose-inhibited cells. Here we discuss recent work on the elucidation of neurochemical identities and physiological significance of these hypothalamic cells, including caveats resulting from the currently imprecise functional and molecular definitions ...
Different Subthreshold Mechanisms Underlie Song Selectivity in
... this idea, in vivo intracellular recordings from X-projecting neurons reveal that they have song-selective auditory responses (Lewicki, 1996). Furthermore, certain X-projecting neurons display BOSevoked hyperpolarizations (Lewicki, 1996), perhaps driven by HVc interneurons, that might refine these r ...
... this idea, in vivo intracellular recordings from X-projecting neurons reveal that they have song-selective auditory responses (Lewicki, 1996). Furthermore, certain X-projecting neurons display BOSevoked hyperpolarizations (Lewicki, 1996), perhaps driven by HVc interneurons, that might refine these r ...
Primate Frontal Eye Fields. II. Physiological and Anatomical
... were connected to a pair of constant-current stimulus isolation units (Grass PSIUQ, which were linked together to provide biphasic (negative-posiRESULTS tive) pulses. Current was monitored by the voltage drop across a 1 KQ resistor in series between the Relationship between electrically elicited out ...
... were connected to a pair of constant-current stimulus isolation units (Grass PSIUQ, which were linked together to provide biphasic (negative-posiRESULTS tive) pulses. Current was monitored by the voltage drop across a 1 KQ resistor in series between the Relationship between electrically elicited out ...
Frontiers in Zoology - Deep Metazoan Phylogeny
... study also based on 18S rDNA, Telford and Holland [41] proposed a most likely position of the chaetognaths as descendants from an early metazoan branch possibly originating prior to the radiation of the major coelomate groups. Halanych [42] (18S rDNA) suggested a chaetognath-nematode relationship bu ...
... study also based on 18S rDNA, Telford and Holland [41] proposed a most likely position of the chaetognaths as descendants from an early metazoan branch possibly originating prior to the radiation of the major coelomate groups. Halanych [42] (18S rDNA) suggested a chaetognath-nematode relationship bu ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological significance of such colocalization is demonstrated by an increased expression of NADPH-d [88] as well as both nNOS mRNA and protein following estrogen stimulation of ovariectomized rats [22] and by increase in the number of NA ...
... 97] indicating a potential role of NO in sexual behavior. The biological significance of such colocalization is demonstrated by an increased expression of NADPH-d [88] as well as both nNOS mRNA and protein following estrogen stimulation of ovariectomized rats [22] and by increase in the number of NA ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... How are neural maps established during development? This has been a central question for neurobiologists during decades. The final patterning of neuronal connections that shape a neural map is the completion of a continuous and complex process. First, neurons extend axons which select specific paths ...
... How are neural maps established during development? This has been a central question for neurobiologists during decades. The final patterning of neuronal connections that shape a neural map is the completion of a continuous and complex process. First, neurons extend axons which select specific paths ...
Glossary of Olfactory Terms
... a chemical produced by an organism that acts as a signal to other members of the same species. These chemical stimuli carry information about the sender such as gender, reproductive status and kinship. ...
... a chemical produced by an organism that acts as a signal to other members of the same species. These chemical stimuli carry information about the sender such as gender, reproductive status and kinship. ...
Effect of Adrenalectomy on Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic
... Series resistance and capacitance were monitored during the whole recording using pCLAMP7(Axon Instruments). Recordings with an uncompensated series resistance of less then 2.5 times the pipette resistance were accepted for analysis. Traces of 5 min were recorded using the gap-free acquisition mode ...
... Series resistance and capacitance were monitored during the whole recording using pCLAMP7(Axon Instruments). Recordings with an uncompensated series resistance of less then 2.5 times the pipette resistance were accepted for analysis. Traces of 5 min were recorded using the gap-free acquisition mode ...
Disease Modeling Using Embryonic Stem Cells
... neuronal nuclei. Such measurements necessitate access to uniform populations of neurons. Indeed, nuclear size has long been known to correlate with transcriptional activity and neurons with different identities typically have nuclei of different sizes and therefore rates of transcription that may va ...
... neuronal nuclei. Such measurements necessitate access to uniform populations of neurons. Indeed, nuclear size has long been known to correlate with transcriptional activity and neurons with different identities typically have nuclei of different sizes and therefore rates of transcription that may va ...
the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat
... The structure of neurons and axons was studied in the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neuro ...
... The structure of neurons and axons was studied in the medial division of the medial geniculate body of the cat with the Golgi methods. The results show that the medial division consists of morphologically heterogeneous neurons. The main types, in descending order of frequency, are medium-sized neuro ...
Spatial distribution and characterization of non
... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... location of area V6 (see Galletti et al., 1999b), penetrations were made with a specially devised recording syringe in order to inject neuronal tracers into different parts of V6 (see Fig. 1). The recording syringe was a 1-mL Hamilton syringe with an Elgiloy microelectrode (Suzuki & Azuma, 1976) att ...
... location of area V6 (see Galletti et al., 1999b), penetrations were made with a specially devised recording syringe in order to inject neuronal tracers into different parts of V6 (see Fig. 1). The recording syringe was a 1-mL Hamilton syringe with an Elgiloy microelectrode (Suzuki & Azuma, 1976) att ...
olfaction
... They terminate in the olfactory bulbs – below the frontal lobes of the cerebrum Axons of the olfactory bulbs form the olfactory tract which projects to the primary olfactory area of the cerebral cortex. Some project into the limbic system and hypothalamus ...
... They terminate in the olfactory bulbs – below the frontal lobes of the cerebrum Axons of the olfactory bulbs form the olfactory tract which projects to the primary olfactory area of the cerebral cortex. Some project into the limbic system and hypothalamus ...
Massive normalization of olfactory bulb output in mice with a
... These patterns are the building blocks that allow smells to be recognized and if necessary, acted upon – by not eating food that smells rancid, for example. In 2008, researchers genetically engineered mice so that nearly all of their olfactory sensory neurons produced the same type of olfactory rece ...
... These patterns are the building blocks that allow smells to be recognized and if necessary, acted upon – by not eating food that smells rancid, for example. In 2008, researchers genetically engineered mice so that nearly all of their olfactory sensory neurons produced the same type of olfactory rece ...
Cell type-specific activation of p38 MAPK in the brain regions of
... The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. Then, the proteins were transferred onto ...
... The phosphorylation and protein expression levels of p38 MAPK were analyzed by Western blot as reported previously (Long et al., 2006; Niu et al., 2005). Briefly, 50 mg of protein from the whole tissue homogenate of each sample was loaded in 10% SDS–PAGE gel. Then, the proteins were transferred onto ...
Invulnerability of retinal ganglion cells to NMDA excitotoxicity
... receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are grouped into three pharmacologically defined classes: NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors. These receptors are encoded by at least six gene families: a single family for AMPA receptors (GluR1, 2, 3, 4), two for kainate (GluR5, 6, 7 and KA1, 2), and thre ...
... receptors are ligand-gated ion channels that are grouped into three pharmacologically defined classes: NMDA, AMPA, and kainate receptors. These receptors are encoded by at least six gene families: a single family for AMPA receptors (GluR1, 2, 3, 4), two for kainate (GluR5, 6, 7 and KA1, 2), and thre ...
studies on the development and organisation of the nervous system
... The building of a nervous system during development can be divided into three phases: the generation of the correct cells in the correct places, the outgrowth of nerve processes, and the formation of synapses. All of these phases show a high degree of specificity, which means that a large amount of ...
... The building of a nervous system during development can be divided into three phases: the generation of the correct cells in the correct places, the outgrowth of nerve processes, and the formation of synapses. All of these phases show a high degree of specificity, which means that a large amount of ...
Article Full Text PDF
... We studied the electrophysiological properties of mature zebrafish M-cells. Their properties suggest that this preparation will be useful for multidisciplinary studies and for identifying electrophysiologically the cellular sites affected by mutations. Preliminary results from this study have alread ...
... We studied the electrophysiological properties of mature zebrafish M-cells. Their properties suggest that this preparation will be useful for multidisciplinary studies and for identifying electrophysiologically the cellular sites affected by mutations. Preliminary results from this study have alread ...
α7 and β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunits Form
... in the mammalian brain. Furthermore Moretti et al. recently demonstrated that α7 and β2 nAChR subunits form complexes in post mortem samples of human basal forebrain [21]. Interestingly, in contrast to the homomeric receptor, heterologously expressed α7β2 nAChR heteromers are highly sensitive to blo ...
... in the mammalian brain. Furthermore Moretti et al. recently demonstrated that α7 and β2 nAChR subunits form complexes in post mortem samples of human basal forebrain [21]. Interestingly, in contrast to the homomeric receptor, heterologously expressed α7β2 nAChR heteromers are highly sensitive to blo ...
Anatomical origins of ocular dominance in mouse primary visual cortex
... per sampled area and d is the mean length of the test object). This method has been shown to be a robust alternative to dissector-based methods when counting disc-shaped objects in a 2dimensional plane (Colonnier and Beaulieu, 1985, DeFelipe et al., 1999, Benes and Lange, 2001). The value for d was ...
... per sampled area and d is the mean length of the test object). This method has been shown to be a robust alternative to dissector-based methods when counting disc-shaped objects in a 2dimensional plane (Colonnier and Beaulieu, 1985, DeFelipe et al., 1999, Benes and Lange, 2001). The value for d was ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... pondence. Projections of the lateral geniculate body to the occipital cortex were also shown by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organiz ...
... pondence. Projections of the lateral geniculate body to the occipital cortex were also shown by Clark (I932) and Waller (I934). Recent electrophysiological studies of the visual system of the rat have demonstrated that the primary visual area has a distinct and precisely arranged retinotopic organiz ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... analysis. The extent of sympathetic denervation and reinnervation was determined in submandibular glands from 6-OHDA-treated and vehicle-treated animals on P2, P7, P14, and P2 1. Sections of submandibular glands from perfused rats were labeled with an antiserum directed against TH and the label visu ...
... analysis. The extent of sympathetic denervation and reinnervation was determined in submandibular glands from 6-OHDA-treated and vehicle-treated animals on P2, P7, P14, and P2 1. Sections of submandibular glands from perfused rats were labeled with an antiserum directed against TH and the label visu ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.