A divergent canonical WNT-signaling pathway
... (D–G) Mutant -catenin (ARM -cat) lacking the transactivation domain does not interfere with the ability of DVL to stabilize microtubules. Bar, 50 m. (H) Graph shows the percentage of cells containing microtubules after nocodazole treatment. In the first three columns, the error bars are too small ...
... (D–G) Mutant -catenin (ARM -cat) lacking the transactivation domain does not interfere with the ability of DVL to stabilize microtubules. Bar, 50 m. (H) Graph shows the percentage of cells containing microtubules after nocodazole treatment. In the first three columns, the error bars are too small ...
The Influence of Retinal Afferents Upon the Development of Layers
... In many mammals the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus shows a well marked laminar arrangement of cells and fibers. Several layers are distinguishable on the basis of their structure, connections, and function, and these layers can be categorized in a number of different ways. Some of the layers corr ...
... In many mammals the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus shows a well marked laminar arrangement of cells and fibers. Several layers are distinguishable on the basis of their structure, connections, and function, and these layers can be categorized in a number of different ways. Some of the layers corr ...
A self-organizing model of disparity maps in the primary visual cortex
... Stephen Kuffler was the first to record the responses of retinal ganglion cells to spots of light in a cat in 1953(Hubel, 1995). He observed that he could influence the firing rate of a retinal ganglion by focusing a spot of light on a specific region of the retina. This region was the receptive fi ...
... Stephen Kuffler was the first to record the responses of retinal ganglion cells to spots of light in a cat in 1953(Hubel, 1995). He observed that he could influence the firing rate of a retinal ganglion by focusing a spot of light on a specific region of the retina. This region was the receptive fi ...
Refinement of feedforward projections, neuronal density, and
... cortical synapses in layer 4 of V1 and compare the characteristics of these synapses with those of cortico-cortical synapses in the same layer. The reason for differentiating between particular types of synapses in specific layers is that the visual cortex is very highly organized anatomically, and ...
... cortical synapses in layer 4 of V1 and compare the characteristics of these synapses with those of cortico-cortical synapses in the same layer. The reason for differentiating between particular types of synapses in specific layers is that the visual cortex is very highly organized anatomically, and ...
DOES ISCHEMIA CAUSE ACUTE NEURONAL DAMAGE BY CONVERTING THE NA /K
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
... The gray matter of the higher brain undergoes spreading depolarization in response to ischemia, which increases metabolic demand and so promotes acute neuronal injury. The molecular mechanism linking ischemic failure of the Na+/K+ pump to the subsequent onset of a large inward current in neurons has ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... to eliminate hybridization to soluble mRNA, which was released from microfilaments but still present in thecell body(region of greatest volume). However, because of the fragility of neu- ...
... to eliminate hybridization to soluble mRNA, which was released from microfilaments but still present in thecell body(region of greatest volume). However, because of the fragility of neu- ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... decreases with the size of the receptive field. In humans, some areas have a very detailed somatosensorial resolution like the fingers, the lips, and the tongue; whereas other areas have poor resolution like the back, and the back of the legs. This resolution can be assessed by the two-point limen d ...
... decreases with the size of the receptive field. In humans, some areas have a very detailed somatosensorial resolution like the fingers, the lips, and the tongue; whereas other areas have poor resolution like the back, and the back of the legs. This resolution can be assessed by the two-point limen d ...
The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... immediately perceive the aromas of the foods being cooked, but soon afterwards you become unaware of them. Two classic examples of olfactory adaptation, which pertain to MCS, occur with the use of perfumes/colognes and from cigarette smokers. A woman may put on perfume early in the morning before he ...
... immediately perceive the aromas of the foods being cooked, but soon afterwards you become unaware of them. Two classic examples of olfactory adaptation, which pertain to MCS, occur with the use of perfumes/colognes and from cigarette smokers. A woman may put on perfume early in the morning before he ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... obesity, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here we address the hypothesis that if weight-reducing actions of nicotine are mediated by anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, nicotine should excite these cells. Nicotine at concentrations similar t ...
... obesity, but the underlying mechanism is not clear. Here we address the hypothesis that if weight-reducing actions of nicotine are mediated by anorexigenic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, nicotine should excite these cells. Nicotine at concentrations similar t ...
Organization of Visual Inputs to the Inferior Temporal and Posterior
... wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGAHRP; 0.2 pi/injection) was injected into the inferior temporal cortex. In all cases, the injection volumes listed were greater than the effective injection volumes, as we observed considerable amounts of tracer leaking out of the cortex ...
... wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGAHRP; 0.2 pi/injection) was injected into the inferior temporal cortex. In all cases, the injection volumes listed were greater than the effective injection volumes, as we observed considerable amounts of tracer leaking out of the cortex ...
Imaging Auditory Representations of Song and Syllables in
... the initial penetration by the sharp electrode, and the extent of cell filling was visualized under 2p imaging. Different HVC cell types were identified based on the presence of retrograde labeling and/or their intrinsic electrophysiological properties for in vitro and in vivo experiments and, for i ...
... the initial penetration by the sharp electrode, and the extent of cell filling was visualized under 2p imaging. Different HVC cell types were identified based on the presence of retrograde labeling and/or their intrinsic electrophysiological properties for in vitro and in vivo experiments and, for i ...
View Full Page PDF
... challenge. Moreover, cognition involves a large network of brain structures; therefore, it is critical to elucidate neuronal interactions between different brain regions, increasingly with the help of multielectrode recordings and imaging techniques. Coherent oscillations, more generally neuronal sy ...
... challenge. Moreover, cognition involves a large network of brain structures; therefore, it is critical to elucidate neuronal interactions between different brain regions, increasingly with the help of multielectrode recordings and imaging techniques. Coherent oscillations, more generally neuronal sy ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... challenge. Moreover, cognition involves a large network of brain structures; therefore, it is critical to elucidate neuronal interactions between different brain regions, increasingly with the help of multielectrode recordings and imaging techniques. Coherent oscillations, more generally neuronal sy ...
... challenge. Moreover, cognition involves a large network of brain structures; therefore, it is critical to elucidate neuronal interactions between different brain regions, increasingly with the help of multielectrode recordings and imaging techniques. Coherent oscillations, more generally neuronal sy ...
Olfaction and the Chemical Senses
... compare the strategy evolved by the olfactory system with that of other chemosensory systems. This section includes a note on potential shortcomings of a widely cited theoretical method to estimate neural information and compute the optimal sparseness of neural representations. I then describe the s ...
... compare the strategy evolved by the olfactory system with that of other chemosensory systems. This section includes a note on potential shortcomings of a widely cited theoretical method to estimate neural information and compute the optimal sparseness of neural representations. I then describe the s ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... having specific sites capable of blocking the passage of ions and small molecules [20]. The molecular and morphological diversity of glial populations is impressive. Extensive enhancer-trap analyses [21] and glial gene expression studies [22] have identified diverse molecular subclasses of glia in t ...
... having specific sites capable of blocking the passage of ions and small molecules [20]. The molecular and morphological diversity of glial populations is impressive. Extensive enhancer-trap analyses [21] and glial gene expression studies [22] have identified diverse molecular subclasses of glia in t ...
Glia cells, lipid metabolism and Alzheimer`s disease
... as with neurons via chemical signals rather than electrical signals. There are several types of glia cells in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS), each with their own functions. Astrocytes Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the CNS where they serve nu ...
... as with neurons via chemical signals rather than electrical signals. There are several types of glia cells in both the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and central nervous system (CNS), each with their own functions. Astrocytes Astrocytes are the most abundant cell type in the CNS where they serve nu ...
1№S€EN1>IMÎ PATHWAYS FROM ТИК BRAIN STEM ТО ТИК
... The descending fibre paths to the spinal cord in mammals have been grouped by Kuypers (Kuypers et al., '62; Kuypers, '64; Lawrence and Kuypers, 'бЗа, b) into two functional systems, which he termed the medial and the lateral system. The medial system comprises the reticulospinal, vestibulospinal and ...
... The descending fibre paths to the spinal cord in mammals have been grouped by Kuypers (Kuypers et al., '62; Kuypers, '64; Lawrence and Kuypers, 'бЗа, b) into two functional systems, which he termed the medial and the lateral system. The medial system comprises the reticulospinal, vestibulospinal and ...
thyroid hormones in brain development and
... neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal and glial cell differentiation, myelination, and synaptogenesis. The actions of thyroid hormones are mostly due to interaction of the active hormone T3 with nuclear receptors and regulation of gene expression. T4 and T3 also perform non-genomic actions. The ...
... neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neuronal and glial cell differentiation, myelination, and synaptogenesis. The actions of thyroid hormones are mostly due to interaction of the active hormone T3 with nuclear receptors and regulation of gene expression. T4 and T3 also perform non-genomic actions. The ...
Mechanism of action of cathinone from khat
... Table 3-1. Animal grouping by number, sex, age and treatment dose .................................... 51 Table 3-2. Summary of composite behaviour definitions. ....................................................... 52 Table 5-1. Immunohistochemistry summary table.. ................................ ...
... Table 3-1. Animal grouping by number, sex, age and treatment dose .................................... 51 Table 3-2. Summary of composite behaviour definitions. ....................................................... 52 Table 5-1. Immunohistochemistry summary table.. ................................ ...
Review Article Type 3 adenylyl cyclase: a key enzyme mediating the
... Abstract: Cilia are rigid, centriole-derived, microtubule-based organelles present in a majority of vertebrate cells including neurons. They are considered the cellular “antennae” attuned for detecting a range of extracellular signals including photons, odorants, morphogens, hormones and mechanical ...
... Abstract: Cilia are rigid, centriole-derived, microtubule-based organelles present in a majority of vertebrate cells including neurons. They are considered the cellular “antennae” attuned for detecting a range of extracellular signals including photons, odorants, morphogens, hormones and mechanical ...
Loss of MECP2 leads to telomere dysfunction and
... other leads to failed transcriptional termination. Reprogramming to iPSCs using a small ...
... other leads to failed transcriptional termination. Reprogramming to iPSCs using a small ...
MARCKS modulates radial progenitor placement
... Moreover, PIP2 has recently been shown to complex with key components of the polarity machinery, including PTEN, CDC42 and aPKCζ. The loss of aPKCζ or PIP2 localization causes apically confined signaling proteins to lose their polarized expression (Imai et al., 2006; Martin-Belmonte et al., 2007; Ma ...
... Moreover, PIP2 has recently been shown to complex with key components of the polarity machinery, including PTEN, CDC42 and aPKCζ. The loss of aPKCζ or PIP2 localization causes apically confined signaling proteins to lose their polarized expression (Imai et al., 2006; Martin-Belmonte et al., 2007; Ma ...
Retinal projection to the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali
... compared to those labeled from nBOR, in which the proportion of DGCs was much higher (84–93%). DGCs were also labeled after injections into the anterior dorsolateral thalamus. The proportion was small (2–3%), and these DGCs were smaller in size than those projecting to the nBOR and LM. No DGCs were ...
... compared to those labeled from nBOR, in which the proportion of DGCs was much higher (84–93%). DGCs were also labeled after injections into the anterior dorsolateral thalamus. The proportion was small (2–3%), and these DGCs were smaller in size than those projecting to the nBOR and LM. No DGCs were ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.