Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Guidance in the Mouse Optic Chiasm
... ventrally (Fig. 3Q–T ). The domain of slit2 expression includes the position of the glial knot, a glial structure at the midline of the diencephalon that has been proposed to delimit the pathway of the ingrowing RGC axons (Silver, 1984). Later in development, robo1 is more weakly expressed throughou ...
... ventrally (Fig. 3Q–T ). The domain of slit2 expression includes the position of the glial knot, a glial structure at the midline of the diencephalon that has been proposed to delimit the pathway of the ingrowing RGC axons (Silver, 1984). Later in development, robo1 is more weakly expressed throughou ...
Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... Figure 3. Zymosan-activated macrophages modify the surrounding microenvironment creating passages for axon growth. A, B, A three-dimensional (3D) schematic showing the formation of a graded column of activated microglia and macrophages emanating from a zymosan injection site (A, B, D, green). Phagoc ...
... Figure 3. Zymosan-activated macrophages modify the surrounding microenvironment creating passages for axon growth. A, B, A three-dimensional (3D) schematic showing the formation of a graded column of activated microglia and macrophages emanating from a zymosan injection site (A, B, D, green). Phagoc ...
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... because they can be enhanced by anesthetics such as barbiturates (8, 81). The thalamic origin of spindles was first suggested by Bishop (28), who observed the suppression of rhythmic activity in the cortex after sectioning connections with the thalamus and was confirmed in experiments on decorticate ...
... because they can be enhanced by anesthetics such as barbiturates (8, 81). The thalamic origin of spindles was first suggested by Bishop (28), who observed the suppression of rhythmic activity in the cortex after sectioning connections with the thalamus and was confirmed in experiments on decorticate ...
Emilia Biffi Editor - Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana
... Microfluidics is a technology which features the manipulation of small amounts of fluids in channels with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Microfluidics takes advantage of both soft lithography and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a silicon-based elastomeric material which is cheap, easy ...
... Microfluidics is a technology which features the manipulation of small amounts of fluids in channels with dimensions of tens to hundreds of micrometers. Microfluidics takes advantage of both soft lithography and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), a silicon-based elastomeric material which is cheap, easy ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. ...
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. ...
Hippocampal CA1 atrophy and synaptic loss during
... volume, loss of inhibitory interneurons and increased cell death of neurons and glia. It is interesting to note that these effects occurred in the presence of chronic microglial activation, with a relative paucity of infiltrating blood-borne immune cells. Widespread diffuse demyelination occurred in ...
... volume, loss of inhibitory interneurons and increased cell death of neurons and glia. It is interesting to note that these effects occurred in the presence of chronic microglial activation, with a relative paucity of infiltrating blood-borne immune cells. Widespread diffuse demyelination occurred in ...
Sprecher_2011_larval.. - Institute of Neuroinformatics
... including main neuronal elements contributing to LON: larval photoreceptors (lp, red), bn (red); optic lobe pioneers (OLP, blue), PDF neurons (PDF; green), serotonergic neurons (5HT; yellow), OOA (brown). E: Z-projection of a confocal stack (17 μm) showing larval photoreceptor projections. Rh5 and R ...
... including main neuronal elements contributing to LON: larval photoreceptors (lp, red), bn (red); optic lobe pioneers (OLP, blue), PDF neurons (PDF; green), serotonergic neurons (5HT; yellow), OOA (brown). E: Z-projection of a confocal stack (17 μm) showing larval photoreceptor projections. Rh5 and R ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... used this marker to delineate chemoarchitectural subdivisions of the human orbitofrontal cortex (Hof et al., 1995a). Additionally, this marker has been shown to be a reliable chemoarchitectonic indicator of the cingulate motor areas in the macaque monkey (Nimchinsky et al., 1996). Another set of use ...
... used this marker to delineate chemoarchitectural subdivisions of the human orbitofrontal cortex (Hof et al., 1995a). Additionally, this marker has been shown to be a reliable chemoarchitectonic indicator of the cingulate motor areas in the macaque monkey (Nimchinsky et al., 1996). Another set of use ...
Changes in Intracellular pH Associated with Glutamate Excitotoxicity
... unable to calculate H+ flux rates. In order to compare the rates of recovery from internal acidification under different experimental conditions, an empirical measure of the rate of rise of the ratio values (in ratio units/min) was tabulated from all data points collected following removal of the ac ...
... unable to calculate H+ flux rates. In order to compare the rates of recovery from internal acidification under different experimental conditions, an empirical measure of the rate of rise of the ratio values (in ratio units/min) was tabulated from all data points collected following removal of the ac ...
Weak orientation and direction selectivity in lateral geniculate
... recording using the methods described in Van Hooser et al. (2003) and Heimel et al. (2005). In brief, animals were initially anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and acepromazine maleate (90 mg/ml ketamine, 0.91 mg/ml acepromazine maleate, and 0.5 ml/kg initial dose im). A femoral vein was cannul ...
... recording using the methods described in Van Hooser et al. (2003) and Heimel et al. (2005). In brief, animals were initially anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and acepromazine maleate (90 mg/ml ketamine, 0.91 mg/ml acepromazine maleate, and 0.5 ml/kg initial dose im). A femoral vein was cannul ...
PDF - Fishell Lab
... Recent analysis of telencephalic development in mutant mice that lack either Nkx2.1 (Kimura et al., 1996; Sussel et al., 1999), Mash1 (Ascl1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) (Casarosa et al., 1999), or both Dlx1 and Dlx2 (Anderson et al., 1997a,b), has provided valuable insight into the genetic mechanism ...
... Recent analysis of telencephalic development in mutant mice that lack either Nkx2.1 (Kimura et al., 1996; Sussel et al., 1999), Mash1 (Ascl1 – Mouse Genome Informatics) (Casarosa et al., 1999), or both Dlx1 and Dlx2 (Anderson et al., 1997a,b), has provided valuable insight into the genetic mechanism ...
Serotonin Modulates Developmental Microglia
... Interestingly, eye-specific segregation of retinal projections in the thalamus also depends on an appropriate serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) level. Segregation of ipsilateral and contralateral regions in dLGN does not occur properly in mice lacking the gene encoding monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) ...
... Interestingly, eye-specific segregation of retinal projections in the thalamus also depends on an appropriate serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) level. Segregation of ipsilateral and contralateral regions in dLGN does not occur properly in mice lacking the gene encoding monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) ...
Development of the rat thalamus: VI. The posterior lobule of the
... 4). This indicates that in the LGD the cells settle in an out- occur simultaneously were combined. side-in sequence. A less consistent outside-in gradient was LGD. There were no differences in neurogenesis bealso indicated for the LGV and L P (Fig. 4). Both in the LGV tween the ventral and dorsal pa ...
... 4). This indicates that in the LGD the cells settle in an out- occur simultaneously were combined. side-in sequence. A less consistent outside-in gradient was LGD. There were no differences in neurogenesis bealso indicated for the LGV and L P (Fig. 4). Both in the LGV tween the ventral and dorsal pa ...
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... underlying neuronal excitability and electrical signaling are those selective for Na⫹, K⫹, and Ca2⫹. Neuronal VDICs also exhibit widely differing properties of how sensitive their gating, or the opening or closing of the channel pore, is to changes in membrane potential. Different VDICs also differ ...
... underlying neuronal excitability and electrical signaling are those selective for Na⫹, K⫹, and Ca2⫹. Neuronal VDICs also exhibit widely differing properties of how sensitive their gating, or the opening or closing of the channel pore, is to changes in membrane potential. Different VDICs also differ ...
MAP2 and Tau Segregate into Dendritic and Axonal Domains After
... and excluded from the dense plexus of fine-caliber axonal processes (Caceres et al., 1984). When neurons from this same culture system were observed developing processes in vitro, MAP2 immunoreactivity was present in axon-like processes during the first week of neurite formation, after which time it ...
... and excluded from the dense plexus of fine-caliber axonal processes (Caceres et al., 1984). When neurons from this same culture system were observed developing processes in vitro, MAP2 immunoreactivity was present in axon-like processes during the first week of neurite formation, after which time it ...
Electrical Stimulation of the Horizontal Limb of the Diagonal Band
... lateral; 5.2 ventral from bregma), in pPC (3.6 mm posterior, 3.0 mm lateral (14° angled laterally); 9 –10 mm ventral from bregma), and in the HDB (0.0 – 0.5 mm posterior, 1.8 –2.2 mm lateral, 8.6 –9.0 mm ventral from bregma). We chose the coordinates for the HDB stimulation electrode in such a way a ...
... lateral; 5.2 ventral from bregma), in pPC (3.6 mm posterior, 3.0 mm lateral (14° angled laterally); 9 –10 mm ventral from bregma), and in the HDB (0.0 – 0.5 mm posterior, 1.8 –2.2 mm lateral, 8.6 –9.0 mm ventral from bregma). We chose the coordinates for the HDB stimulation electrode in such a way a ...
Cadherin Expression by Embryonic Divisions and
... reflected, in part, by the regional and differential expression of cadherins. Each cadherin-defined diencephalic division is secondarily transformed to give rise to a fully developed domain of gray matter in the mature diencephalon, which extends radially from the ventricular surface to the pial sur ...
... reflected, in part, by the regional and differential expression of cadherins. Each cadherin-defined diencephalic division is secondarily transformed to give rise to a fully developed domain of gray matter in the mature diencephalon, which extends radially from the ventricular surface to the pial sur ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... Anti-serotonin serum was developed in rabbit using serotonin creatinine sulfate complex conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the immunogen. The antibody stains serotonin-containing cells and fibers in the rat brain. This staining is abolished by preincubation of the antiserum with 500 M serot ...
... Anti-serotonin serum was developed in rabbit using serotonin creatinine sulfate complex conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the immunogen. The antibody stains serotonin-containing cells and fibers in the rat brain. This staining is abolished by preincubation of the antiserum with 500 M serot ...
Hrk/DP5 contributes to the apoptosis of select neuronal populations
... homozygous mutant mice by either northern blotting or RTPCR (Fig. 1C and data not shown), confirming correct targeting of the Hrk gene. Hrk–/– homozygotes were born at the expected Mendelian frequency from heterozygote intercross matings (Hrk+/+ 45, Hrk+/– 100, Hrk–/– 60). Their appearance, fertilit ...
... homozygous mutant mice by either northern blotting or RTPCR (Fig. 1C and data not shown), confirming correct targeting of the Hrk gene. Hrk–/– homozygotes were born at the expected Mendelian frequency from heterozygote intercross matings (Hrk+/+ 45, Hrk+/– 100, Hrk–/– 60). Their appearance, fertilit ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons that regulate dopamine neuron activity and have projection targets similar to those of dopamine neurons. Additionally, t ...
... in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons that regulate dopamine neuron activity and have projection targets similar to those of dopamine neurons. Additionally, t ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.