Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... The classical model of neurovascular coupling (NVC) implies that activity-dependent axonal glutamate release at synapses evokes the production and release of vasoactive signals from both neurons and astrocytes, which dilate arterioles, increasing in turn cerebral blood flow (CBF) to areas with incre ...
... The classical model of neurovascular coupling (NVC) implies that activity-dependent axonal glutamate release at synapses evokes the production and release of vasoactive signals from both neurons and astrocytes, which dilate arterioles, increasing in turn cerebral blood flow (CBF) to areas with incre ...
Nerve Growth Factor: Cellular localization and regulation of synthesis
... that is necessary and that their conditioned medium is sufficient. The identificalion of the secretory products of macrophages responsible for the regulation of synthesis of NGF is currently under investigation. ...
... that is necessary and that their conditioned medium is sufficient. The identificalion of the secretory products of macrophages responsible for the regulation of synthesis of NGF is currently under investigation. ...
- Valiente Lab
... social behaviour. Although the most notable clinical aspects of the disease only become apparent during late adolescence or early adulthood, many lines of evidence suggest that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component1,2. Several independent studies have identif ...
... social behaviour. Although the most notable clinical aspects of the disease only become apparent during late adolescence or early adulthood, many lines of evidence suggest that schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a strong genetic component1,2. Several independent studies have identif ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... conditioning on secondary and primary (AI) auditory cortex indicates that both regions develop neuronal discharge plasticity early in the conditioning phase and that increases in background activity in primary auditory cortex are also associated with elevated levels of tonic arousal. In addition, th ...
... conditioning on secondary and primary (AI) auditory cortex indicates that both regions develop neuronal discharge plasticity early in the conditioning phase and that increases in background activity in primary auditory cortex are also associated with elevated levels of tonic arousal. In addition, th ...
The transmembrane proteins UNC-40/DCC, PTP-3/LAR
... UNC-40 in QL posterior migration. We also show that in right-side QR, the UNC40 and PTP-3/MIG-21 pathways mutually inhibit each other’s role in posterior migration, allowing anterior QR migration. Finally, we present evidence that these proteins act autonomously in the Q neuroblasts. These studies i ...
... UNC-40 in QL posterior migration. We also show that in right-side QR, the UNC40 and PTP-3/MIG-21 pathways mutually inhibit each other’s role in posterior migration, allowing anterior QR migration. Finally, we present evidence that these proteins act autonomously in the Q neuroblasts. These studies i ...
Physiology of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH): Beyond
... a new therapeutic use of GnRH analogs [15]. Extrapituitary GnRHR share the same mRNA sequence and protein molecular size with the pituitary receptor [16,17] although some of them, particularly those present in peripheral organs, may show a different pharmacological profile, leaving the assessment of ...
... a new therapeutic use of GnRH analogs [15]. Extrapituitary GnRHR share the same mRNA sequence and protein molecular size with the pituitary receptor [16,17] although some of them, particularly those present in peripheral organs, may show a different pharmacological profile, leaving the assessment of ...
Ascending projections from spinal cord and brainstem to
... to micturition, the PAG is the main receiver of the afferent viscerosensory information from the bladder, because strong sacral projections reach the PAG, but not, at least in cat, the pontine micturition center (Blok et al., 1995). ...
... to micturition, the PAG is the main receiver of the afferent viscerosensory information from the bladder, because strong sacral projections reach the PAG, but not, at least in cat, the pontine micturition center (Blok et al., 1995). ...
Carlsson J Neurosci 2007 (pdf 2,2 MB)
... L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Stable AIMs, resembling peak dose dyskinesias in patients, were induced in the animals by daily injections of 6 mg/kg L-DOPA (Research Organics, Cleveland, OH) in combination with 15 mg/kg benserazide hydrochloride (a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor; Sigma) for 28 d. Th ...
... L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. Stable AIMs, resembling peak dose dyskinesias in patients, were induced in the animals by daily injections of 6 mg/kg L-DOPA (Research Organics, Cleveland, OH) in combination with 15 mg/kg benserazide hydrochloride (a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor; Sigma) for 28 d. Th ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... intermittently evoked from an exogenous light source does in fact play a role in development of RGC dendritic morphology. In a study of X e n o p u s optic tectal neurons (the synaptic targets of RGC axons), visual stimulation significantly increased the rate of RGC dendritic growth, the number of n ...
... intermittently evoked from an exogenous light source does in fact play a role in development of RGC dendritic morphology. In a study of X e n o p u s optic tectal neurons (the synaptic targets of RGC axons), visual stimulation significantly increased the rate of RGC dendritic growth, the number of n ...
Independent and Convergent Signals From the Pontomedullary
... that serve to stabilize the body or body segment during the execution of the movement itself. These postural responses are also anticipatory in nature because they occur before there is any possibility of feedback from the movement itself influencing the response (Massion 1992). They are referred to ...
... that serve to stabilize the body or body segment during the execution of the movement itself. These postural responses are also anticipatory in nature because they occur before there is any possibility of feedback from the movement itself influencing the response (Massion 1992). They are referred to ...
Degeneration and impaired regeneration of gray matter
... neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitors (NG2+ cells) exhibit enhanced proliferation and differentiation, although the cause of these changes in oligodendroglia is unknown. We found extensive degeneration of gray matter oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of SOD1 (G93A) ALS mice prior to disease onse ...
... neurons and oligodendrocyte progenitors (NG2+ cells) exhibit enhanced proliferation and differentiation, although the cause of these changes in oligodendroglia is unknown. We found extensive degeneration of gray matter oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord of SOD1 (G93A) ALS mice prior to disease onse ...
Circuit Architecture of VTA Dopamine Neurons Revealed by
... direct synaptic inputs from diverse neuronal types in a wide range of brain regions. We quantified input neurons in 22 brain regions (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures for details) and calculated the proportion of inputs from each region for both DAT-Cre- and GAD2-Cre-based tracing (Figure 1P ...
... direct synaptic inputs from diverse neuronal types in a wide range of brain regions. We quantified input neurons in 22 brain regions (see Supplemental Experimental Procedures for details) and calculated the proportion of inputs from each region for both DAT-Cre- and GAD2-Cre-based tracing (Figure 1P ...
Subicular and CA1 hippocampal projections to the accessory
... (Barber and Field, 1975; Davis et al., 1978; Barber, 1982), tracers such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (Broadwell and Jacobowitz, 1976; Davis et al., 1978) or dextran-amines (MartinezMarcos and Halpern, 1999a) have not shown retrograde labeling in CA1 or subiculum. Only injections of HRP affecting ...
... (Barber and Field, 1975; Davis et al., 1978; Barber, 1982), tracers such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (Broadwell and Jacobowitz, 1976; Davis et al., 1978) or dextran-amines (MartinezMarcos and Halpern, 1999a) have not shown retrograde labeling in CA1 or subiculum. Only injections of HRP affecting ...
glial versus neuronal uptake of glutamate
... in glia. This is in accordance with the hypothesis of a neuronal-glial cycle in which glutamate passes from neurones to glia, and is returned to the neurones as glutamine. In vitro studies of uptake into isolated cell types show a high glial capacity for glutamate uptake. Studies of neuronal glutama ...
... in glia. This is in accordance with the hypothesis of a neuronal-glial cycle in which glutamate passes from neurones to glia, and is returned to the neurones as glutamine. In vitro studies of uptake into isolated cell types show a high glial capacity for glutamate uptake. Studies of neuronal glutama ...
Zn2 Slows Down CaV3.3 Gating Kinetics: Implications for
... In addition, Zn2⫹ slowed down channel deactivation but channel recovery from inactivation was only modestly changed. Zn2⫹ also decreased whole cell Ca2⫹ permeability to 45% of control values. In the presence of Zn2⫹, Ca2⫹ currents evoked by mock action potentials were more persistent than in its abs ...
... In addition, Zn2⫹ slowed down channel deactivation but channel recovery from inactivation was only modestly changed. Zn2⫹ also decreased whole cell Ca2⫹ permeability to 45% of control values. In the presence of Zn2⫹, Ca2⫹ currents evoked by mock action potentials were more persistent than in its abs ...
Organization of the Honey Bee Mushroom Body
... basal ring comprises a bistratified central zone flanked by two narrower outer ring zones; a broad zone extending across the calyx wall flanked by a shallower wedge-shaped zone (Fig. 1D). The calyx is represented in the lobes by the parallel arrangements of axon-like processes of neurons that are in ...
... basal ring comprises a bistratified central zone flanked by two narrower outer ring zones; a broad zone extending across the calyx wall flanked by a shallower wedge-shaped zone (Fig. 1D). The calyx is represented in the lobes by the parallel arrangements of axon-like processes of neurons that are in ...
Thalamocortidal Axons Extend Along a Chondroitin Sulfate
... 4°C with gentle agitation of floating sections. Secondary labeling was with a goat antiserum against mouse IgM tagged with fluorescein (1: 200; Jackson Immunochemicals) applied for 2 hr at room temperature. Sections were mounted on subbed slides and coverslipped with 0.01% p-phenylenediamine (Sigma) ...
... 4°C with gentle agitation of floating sections. Secondary labeling was with a goat antiserum against mouse IgM tagged with fluorescein (1: 200; Jackson Immunochemicals) applied for 2 hr at room temperature. Sections were mounted on subbed slides and coverslipped with 0.01% p-phenylenediamine (Sigma) ...
521 THE CHOLINERGIC LIMBIC SYSTEM: PROJECTIONS TO
... (a) Nuclei supplying medial cortex.—The anterior thalamic nuclei are supplied directly by fornix fibres as well as indirectly through the mammillothalamic tract (Guillery, 1966; Nauta, 1956). The anteroventral nucleus is rich in both AChE and ChE, which is located in the cells and extracellularly in ...
... (a) Nuclei supplying medial cortex.—The anterior thalamic nuclei are supplied directly by fornix fibres as well as indirectly through the mammillothalamic tract (Guillery, 1966; Nauta, 1956). The anteroventral nucleus is rich in both AChE and ChE, which is located in the cells and extracellularly in ...
The control of rostrocaudal pattern in the developing spinal cord
... to control the formation of distinct MN columnar subtypes at different segmental levels of the spinal cord. In the embryonic brain there is evidence that signals provided by the paraxial mesoderm can impose rostrocaudal identity on neural cells. An activity expressed transiently by paraxial mesoderm ...
... to control the formation of distinct MN columnar subtypes at different segmental levels of the spinal cord. In the embryonic brain there is evidence that signals provided by the paraxial mesoderm can impose rostrocaudal identity on neural cells. An activity expressed transiently by paraxial mesoderm ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... mM PB, pH 7.4, containing either 4% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Slices containing biocytinfilled neurons that were destined for lightmicroscopic analysis only, were processed using a modified protocol described previously (Lübke et al., 2000). Slices were incuba ...
... mM PB, pH 7.4, containing either 4% paraformaldehyde or 1% paraformaldehyde and 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Slices containing biocytinfilled neurons that were destined for lightmicroscopic analysis only, were processed using a modified protocol described previously (Lübke et al., 2000). Slices were incuba ...
REVIEW
... In humans, the olfactory system also appears to be important in detecting pheromones and may be become more sensitive to pheromones at reproductively appropriate times. For example, odors are perceived differently throughout the menstrual cycle in women.5,6,8 Certain male odors are judged more pleas ...
... In humans, the olfactory system also appears to be important in detecting pheromones and may be become more sensitive to pheromones at reproductively appropriate times. For example, odors are perceived differently throughout the menstrual cycle in women.5,6,8 Certain male odors are judged more pleas ...
PDF of article - Janelia Research Campus
... stereotypy and variability across multiple brain samples. These studies focused on three types of structures: volumes (such as Drosophila brain neuropile compartments) (Jenett et al., 2006), points (such as neuronal cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord) (Bossing et al., 1996; Schmidt et al., 1997), ...
... stereotypy and variability across multiple brain samples. These studies focused on three types of structures: volumes (such as Drosophila brain neuropile compartments) (Jenett et al., 2006), points (such as neuronal cell bodies in the ventral nerve cord) (Bossing et al., 1996; Schmidt et al., 1997), ...
Subventricular zone
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a paired brain structure situated throughout the lateral walls of the lateral ventricles. It is composed of four distinct layers of variable thickness and cell density, as well as cellular composition. Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the adult mammalian brain.