ADDITION REACTIONS
... products of the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes. He found that, when two products were formed, one was formed in a larger quantity. His original rule was based only on this reaction. The modern version uses carbocation stability as a criterion for predicting the products. In the electrophili ...
... products of the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes. He found that, when two products were formed, one was formed in a larger quantity. His original rule was based only on this reaction. The modern version uses carbocation stability as a criterion for predicting the products. In the electrophili ...
OChem 1 Mechanism Flashcards Dr. Peter Norris, 2015
... Carbocation is planar so is attacked from both sides to give 2 products ...
... Carbocation is planar so is attacked from both sides to give 2 products ...
Reactions
... 8. If a reactant or product is solid, place (s) after the formula 9. If the reactant or product is a liquid, place (l) after the formula 10. If the reactant or product is a gas, place (g) after the formula 11. If the reactant or product is in water, place (aq) after the formula 12. A category of rea ...
... 8. If a reactant or product is solid, place (s) after the formula 9. If the reactant or product is a liquid, place (l) after the formula 10. If the reactant or product is a gas, place (g) after the formula 11. If the reactant or product is in water, place (aq) after the formula 12. A category of rea ...
Sn1 and Sn2 Chemtivity
... Nucleophilic substitution reactions can occur through different mechanisms denoted as SN1 and SN2: 1. SN2: A nucleophile attacks the positively charged carbon atom and causes the carbonhalogen bond to break heterolytically (the halogen keeps both of the bonding electrons). ...
... Nucleophilic substitution reactions can occur through different mechanisms denoted as SN1 and SN2: 1. SN2: A nucleophile attacks the positively charged carbon atom and causes the carbonhalogen bond to break heterolytically (the halogen keeps both of the bonding electrons). ...
Chemistry - University of Kashmir
... Molecular orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethene, 1,3- butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene and allylic system. HOMO, LUMO concept, FMO approach. Classification of pericyclic reactions, Woodword Hofrnann rules for the following pericyclic reactions. Cycloadditions'. Thermal and Photochemical 2+2 and 4 ...
... Molecular orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethene, 1,3- butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene and allylic system. HOMO, LUMO concept, FMO approach. Classification of pericyclic reactions, Woodword Hofrnann rules for the following pericyclic reactions. Cycloadditions'. Thermal and Photochemical 2+2 and 4 ...
Syllabus - Chemistry
... Molecular orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethene, 1,3- butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene and allylic system. HOMO, LUMO concept, FMO approach. Classification of pericyclic reactions, Woodword Hofrnann rules for the following pericyclic reactions. Cycloadditions'. Thermal and Photochemical 2+2 and 4 ...
... Molecular orbital symmetry, Frontier orbitals of ethene, 1,3- butadiene, 1,3,5-hexatriene and allylic system. HOMO, LUMO concept, FMO approach. Classification of pericyclic reactions, Woodword Hofrnann rules for the following pericyclic reactions. Cycloadditions'. Thermal and Photochemical 2+2 and 4 ...
CHM2210 Organic Chemistry 1
... 3. evaluating potential energy diagrams to determine the relative energy of reactants and products and to establish whether a reaction is endothermic, exothermic, endergonic or exergonic. 4. evaluating potential energy diagrams to determine the relative stability of conformers. 5. justifying the ...
... 3. evaluating potential energy diagrams to determine the relative energy of reactants and products and to establish whether a reaction is endothermic, exothermic, endergonic or exergonic. 4. evaluating potential energy diagrams to determine the relative stability of conformers. 5. justifying the ...
Exam only.
... the enthalpy of reaction is the difference between product and reactant enthalpies. the Gibbs free energy is a function of both enthalpy and entropy. ...
... the enthalpy of reaction is the difference between product and reactant enthalpies. the Gibbs free energy is a function of both enthalpy and entropy. ...
DAMIETTA UNIVERSITY
... Electronic Configurations of Atoms • Valence electrons are electrons on the outermost shell of the atom. ...
... Electronic Configurations of Atoms • Valence electrons are electrons on the outermost shell of the atom. ...
Practice Paper - 3
... Five reason for the following (a) Grignard reagents should be prepared under an hydrous condition? (b) Ethanol has higher B. P. in comparison to methoxy methane. OR (a) Explain how does the –OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring , activate it towards electrophilic substitution? (b) Alcohols ...
... Five reason for the following (a) Grignard reagents should be prepared under an hydrous condition? (b) Ethanol has higher B. P. in comparison to methoxy methane. OR (a) Explain how does the –OH group attached to a carbon of benzene ring , activate it towards electrophilic substitution? (b) Alcohols ...
Electrochemistry primer
... electromotive force. A voltmeter can measure the electromotive force produced by the reaction. Electromotive force (measured in voltage) is a measure of the maximum work that could be released per unit of charge passed through the cell. A volt is a joule (energy) per coulomb (charge). The voltage ge ...
... electromotive force. A voltmeter can measure the electromotive force produced by the reaction. Electromotive force (measured in voltage) is a measure of the maximum work that could be released per unit of charge passed through the cell. A volt is a joule (energy) per coulomb (charge). The voltage ge ...
Chemical Bonding II
... In ethylene, H2C=CH2, the sp2 orbitals are used to make one of the bonds between the carbon atoms and the bonds between carbon and hydrogen. These bonds have electron density along the internuclear (bond) axis. This type of bond is called a σ (sigma) bond. ...
... In ethylene, H2C=CH2, the sp2 orbitals are used to make one of the bonds between the carbon atoms and the bonds between carbon and hydrogen. These bonds have electron density along the internuclear (bond) axis. This type of bond is called a σ (sigma) bond. ...
슬라이드 1
... The molecules behave as an electron-rich aromatic system, and electrophilic substitution reactions occur readily. Reagents that are relatively strong oxidizing agents, such as the halogens, effect oxidation at iron and destroy the compound. ...
... The molecules behave as an electron-rich aromatic system, and electrophilic substitution reactions occur readily. Reagents that are relatively strong oxidizing agents, such as the halogens, effect oxidation at iron and destroy the compound. ...
Learning Guide for Chapter 8
... a high energy molecule which is formed and then quickly reacts Why are they important? anything which affects their stability will have a big impact on the reaction Fill in the chart below. ...
... a high energy molecule which is formed and then quickly reacts Why are they important? anything which affects their stability will have a big impact on the reaction Fill in the chart below. ...
x - Wits Structural Chemistry
... called a point group because at least one point is unchanged. Once we identify the point group → can look up all the symmetry elements in character tables (see below). ...
... called a point group because at least one point is unchanged. Once we identify the point group → can look up all the symmetry elements in character tables (see below). ...
Redox Reactions: Transferring Electrons
... whatever gizmo you have it hooked up to When a reaction transfers an electron from one substance to another we call it an “Oxidation-Reduction” reaction or Redox for short. If a substance is losing the electron it is being oxidized If a substance is gaining, it is being reduced. ...
... whatever gizmo you have it hooked up to When a reaction transfers an electron from one substance to another we call it an “Oxidation-Reduction” reaction or Redox for short. If a substance is losing the electron it is being oxidized If a substance is gaining, it is being reduced. ...
DEHYDRATION - ALKENE TEST EXERCISES
... DEHYDRATION - ALKENE TEST EXERCISES 1. Give a detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene. ...
... DEHYDRATION - ALKENE TEST EXERCISES 1. Give a detailed mechanism for the acid-catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol to cyclohexene. ...
Exam 2
... Chern 24 2 (w 2016) exam #2B 1. (10 pts) Circle what is true about Substitution and elimination reactions. ...
... Chern 24 2 (w 2016) exam #2B 1. (10 pts) Circle what is true about Substitution and elimination reactions. ...
Woodward–Hoffmann rules
The Woodward–Hoffmann rules, devised by Robert Burns Woodward and Roald Hoffmann, are a set of rules in organic chemistry predicting the barrier heights of pericyclic reactions based upon conservation of orbital symmetry. The Woodward–Hoffmann rules can be applied to understand electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions (including cheletropic reactions), sigmatropic reactions, and group transfer reactions. Reactions are classified as allowed if the electronic barrier is low, and forbidden if the barrier is high. Forbidden reactions can still take place but require significantly more energy.The Woodward–Hoffmann rules were first formulated to explain the striking stereospecificity of electrocyclic reactions under thermal and photochemical control. Thermolysis of the substituted cyclobutene trans-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (1) gave only one diastereomer, the (E,E)-3,4-dimethyl-2,4-hexadiene (2) as shown below; the (Z,Z) and the (E,Z) diastereomers were not detected in the reaction. Similarly, thermolysis of cis-1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutene (3) gave only the (E,Z) diastereomer (4).Due to their elegance and simplicity, the Woodward–Hoffmann rules are credited with first exemplifying the power of molecular orbital theory to experimental chemists. Hoffmann was awarded the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for this work, shared with Kenichi Fukui who developed a similar model using frontier molecular orbital (FMO) theory; because Woodward had died two years before, he was not eligible to win what would have been his second Nobel Prize for Chemistry.