Lecture 1: Molecular Biology
... • A deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA molecule is a double-stranded linear polymer composed of four molecular subunits called nucleotides • Each nucleotide comprises a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) • The two st ...
... • A deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA molecule is a double-stranded linear polymer composed of four molecular subunits called nucleotides • Each nucleotide comprises a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar, and one of four nitrogen bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), or thymine (T) • The two st ...
mind-blowing similarities in the way that information is stored
... Serial to parallel (SP) conversion in the computer utilizes 256 (=2 ) possible 83 bit-containing bytes; SP conversion of the information in DNA utilzes 64 (=4 ) possible 3-bit triplets. In the computer, the byte specifies either an operation or data; in DNA the triplet specifies an amino acid (1 of ...
... Serial to parallel (SP) conversion in the computer utilizes 256 (=2 ) possible 83 bit-containing bytes; SP conversion of the information in DNA utilzes 64 (=4 ) possible 3-bit triplets. In the computer, the byte specifies either an operation or data; in DNA the triplet specifies an amino acid (1 of ...
4.2 Carbon compounds and cells
... • Life as we know it is carbon based. • A carbon atom can form chemical bonds with other carbon atoms in long chains or rings. ...
... • Life as we know it is carbon based. • A carbon atom can form chemical bonds with other carbon atoms in long chains or rings. ...
Chapter 2 - The Chemistry of Life Section 1
... Carbohydrates made of repeating units called monosaccharides ...
... Carbohydrates made of repeating units called monosaccharides ...
Name of structure?
... polypeptide that is 100 amino acids long? 2. An organism’s genetic information is stored within the sequence of ___________. 3. The genetic information is transcribed into a sequence of ____________. 4. (the answer to #3) are then translated into a sequence of ______________. ...
... polypeptide that is 100 amino acids long? 2. An organism’s genetic information is stored within the sequence of ___________. 3. The genetic information is transcribed into a sequence of ____________. 4. (the answer to #3) are then translated into a sequence of ______________. ...
Me oh Mi!
... What Family do humans belong to? (hint: part of the same family of an individual named after a ...
... What Family do humans belong to? (hint: part of the same family of an individual named after a ...
Biochemical Testing 3/25/2016 Chapter 4B: Methods of Microbial Identification
... Cooling allows complementary strands to base pair. • this technique is used in a variety of ways to see if DNA from two different sources ...
... Cooling allows complementary strands to base pair. • this technique is used in a variety of ways to see if DNA from two different sources ...
Understanding DNA
... 2. Draw the cell and label the ff structures: a. cell membrane Note: Follow guidelines on b. chromosomes Making Diagrams ...
... 2. Draw the cell and label the ff structures: a. cell membrane Note: Follow guidelines on b. chromosomes Making Diagrams ...
Enzyme PPT
... hydrocarbon chains. Attaching the three chains together is usually a glycerol molecule. Lipids are NONpolar. ...
... hydrocarbon chains. Attaching the three chains together is usually a glycerol molecule. Lipids are NONpolar. ...
Biology Study Guide for Section (Macromolecules) Test
... Monosaccharide- A simple sugar like glucose. Carbohydrate- A type of macromolecule that is produced by plants during photosynthesis. Glycogen- Animal cells store excess sugar as molecules of this. Polysaccharide- Monosaccharides may bond together to form these molecules. Energy-The main function of ...
... Monosaccharide- A simple sugar like glucose. Carbohydrate- A type of macromolecule that is produced by plants during photosynthesis. Glycogen- Animal cells store excess sugar as molecules of this. Polysaccharide- Monosaccharides may bond together to form these molecules. Energy-The main function of ...
GenTech Unit 2 DNA
... sugar and phosphate 5. Four different kinds of nitrogen bases a. Adenine – purine – double ring molecules b. Guanine – purine – double ring molecules c. Thymine – Pyrimidines – single ring ...
... sugar and phosphate 5. Four different kinds of nitrogen bases a. Adenine – purine – double ring molecules b. Guanine – purine – double ring molecules c. Thymine – Pyrimidines – single ring ...
Protein Synthesis Day 3
... DNA has a sugar deoxyribose RNA has a sugar ribose RNA contains the base uracil DNA has thymine (T) (U) RNA molecule is single DNA is double-stranded stranded ...
... DNA has a sugar deoxyribose RNA has a sugar ribose RNA contains the base uracil DNA has thymine (T) (U) RNA molecule is single DNA is double-stranded stranded ...
M-DNA: synthesis, chemical structure and physical properties
... Cell. Biol. 71, (1993) 162) have reported a discovery of novel DNA complexes which DNA forms with divalent transition metal cations Zn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ at pH > 8. The new complex forms when an imino proton from A-T or G-C hydrogen bonds is replaced ...
... Cell. Biol. 71, (1993) 162) have reported a discovery of novel DNA complexes which DNA forms with divalent transition metal cations Zn2+, Co2+ and Ni2+ at pH > 8. The new complex forms when an imino proton from A-T or G-C hydrogen bonds is replaced ...
Document
... The double-helix model explains Chargaff’s rule of base pairing and how the two strands of DNA are held together. The model showed the following: The two strands in the double helix run in opposite directions, with the nitrogenous bases in the center. Each strand carries a sequence of nucleotides, a ...
... The double-helix model explains Chargaff’s rule of base pairing and how the two strands of DNA are held together. The model showed the following: The two strands in the double helix run in opposite directions, with the nitrogenous bases in the center. Each strand carries a sequence of nucleotides, a ...
DNA Structure and Function Notes
... Substances that enter the cell without the expense of cellular ATP, but are too large to directly pass through the membrane use _____________________ in order to gain access to the inside of the cell. a. ...
... Substances that enter the cell without the expense of cellular ATP, but are too large to directly pass through the membrane use _____________________ in order to gain access to the inside of the cell. a. ...
Proteins – where do they come from?
... • The mRNA is either read by another ribosome or it is recycled so its nucleotides can be used again. • The ribosome large and small subunit falls apart from each other ...
... • The mRNA is either read by another ribosome or it is recycled so its nucleotides can be used again. • The ribosome large and small subunit falls apart from each other ...
Topic 4 Genetics
... [Gene: a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic. ( The difference between structural genes, regulator genes, and genes coding for tRNA and rRNA are not expected at SL] Humans have around 25,000 different genes. Note that another reason different ...
... [Gene: a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic. ( The difference between structural genes, regulator genes, and genes coding for tRNA and rRNA are not expected at SL] Humans have around 25,000 different genes. Note that another reason different ...
Review-Qs-for-modern-genetics
... 1. The main enzyme involved in DNA replication is RNA polymerase. FALSE – DNA polymerase. 2. To determine the amino acid, look up the three base anticodon on the genetic dictionary FALSE – codon. 3. Ligase joins DNA fragments of the lagging strand. TRUE 4. DNA polymerase lengthens the new strands fr ...
... 1. The main enzyme involved in DNA replication is RNA polymerase. FALSE – DNA polymerase. 2. To determine the amino acid, look up the three base anticodon on the genetic dictionary FALSE – codon. 3. Ligase joins DNA fragments of the lagging strand. TRUE 4. DNA polymerase lengthens the new strands fr ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.