Genes and Gene Action
... types of amino acids. The order in which the amino acids are joined determines which protein is made. Every different protein has a unique sequence of amino acids. This sequence determines the shape of a protein molecule. It is the shape of the protein that allows the molecule to do its work in the ...
... types of amino acids. The order in which the amino acids are joined determines which protein is made. Every different protein has a unique sequence of amino acids. This sequence determines the shape of a protein molecule. It is the shape of the protein that allows the molecule to do its work in the ...
Honors Biology Midterm Study Guide Chapter 1 and 2: The Science
... 4. Translation into amino acids using Codon Wheel: __________________________________________________________ 5. Human hair is made of protein. Explain how the processes of DNA replication/transcription/translation, cell cycle with Meiosis all can lead to two people having different colored hair. ...
... 4. Translation into amino acids using Codon Wheel: __________________________________________________________ 5. Human hair is made of protein. Explain how the processes of DNA replication/transcription/translation, cell cycle with Meiosis all can lead to two people having different colored hair. ...
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Using Nucleotide Analogs: A Proof
... To characterize the fluorescence properties of 2AP in dsDNA, we annealed a 15-nucleotide complementary oligonucleotide to 2AP-ssDNA. To confirm hybridization, we labeled the complementary strand with 3′-Cy3 (Cy3cDNA, Figure 2c, Table S1 in the Supporting Information). The surfaceimmobilized dsDNAs wer ...
... To characterize the fluorescence properties of 2AP in dsDNA, we annealed a 15-nucleotide complementary oligonucleotide to 2AP-ssDNA. To confirm hybridization, we labeled the complementary strand with 3′-Cy3 (Cy3cDNA, Figure 2c, Table S1 in the Supporting Information). The surfaceimmobilized dsDNAs wer ...
demonstating sequence-specific cleavage by a restriction enzyme
... bacteriophage P22. Using a device called a viscometer, he measured how the DNA from P22 became less viscous over time, while the H. influenzae DNA displayed no change in viscosity. This would be the assay he would use throughout the purification scheme. Smith used a variety of established methods to ...
... bacteriophage P22. Using a device called a viscometer, he measured how the DNA from P22 became less viscous over time, while the H. influenzae DNA displayed no change in viscosity. This would be the assay he would use throughout the purification scheme. Smith used a variety of established methods to ...
The Making of Macromolecules - Cornell Center for Materials
... Supplemental Information: Double bonds are not shown in the molecular structures on page 2-3. This activity only involved one amino acid, alanine and one type of nucleic acid, thymine. The lipids are slightly different. Instead of attaching the fatty acids together, 3 fatty acid chains are ...
... Supplemental Information: Double bonds are not shown in the molecular structures on page 2-3. This activity only involved one amino acid, alanine and one type of nucleic acid, thymine. The lipids are slightly different. Instead of attaching the fatty acids together, 3 fatty acid chains are ...
Restriction Enzymes
... Restriction enzymes are part of a bacteria's ''immune'' system. These are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites (typically a four or a 6 base-pair sequence). Bacterial DNA is modified to be protected by methylation while foreign DNA, such as incoming viruses, are not. Usually, organisms that make ...
... Restriction enzymes are part of a bacteria's ''immune'' system. These are enzymes that cut DNA at specific sites (typically a four or a 6 base-pair sequence). Bacterial DNA is modified to be protected by methylation while foreign DNA, such as incoming viruses, are not. Usually, organisms that make ...
Heredity - El Camino College
... 2. Proteins (mostly __________) that the DNA is coiled around B. ______ (deoxyribonucleic acid) is double helix molecule composed of nucleotide subunits 1. ____________ include a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base 2. DNA Nitrogenous _________ include: a. _____________ - have ...
... 2. Proteins (mostly __________) that the DNA is coiled around B. ______ (deoxyribonucleic acid) is double helix molecule composed of nucleotide subunits 1. ____________ include a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base 2. DNA Nitrogenous _________ include: a. _____________ - have ...
dna TRANSCRIPTION AND tRANSLATION
... Pyrimidines: Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil (note: in RNA, Uracil replaces Thymine) Nucleotide pairing – Also known as base pairing, is the joining of purine to a pyrimidine through a hydrogen bond link (A—T, C—G, or A—U in RNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) – Messenger to carry instructions from DNA for co ...
... Pyrimidines: Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil (note: in RNA, Uracil replaces Thymine) Nucleotide pairing – Also known as base pairing, is the joining of purine to a pyrimidine through a hydrogen bond link (A—T, C—G, or A—U in RNA) Ribonucleic acid (RNA) – Messenger to carry instructions from DNA for co ...
Topic 2
... Diabetes in some individuals is due to destruction of cells in the pancreas that secrete the hormone insulin. It can be treated by injecting insulin into the blood. Porcine and bovine insulin, extracted from the pancreases of pigs and cattle, have both been widely used. Porcine insulin has only one ...
... Diabetes in some individuals is due to destruction of cells in the pancreas that secrete the hormone insulin. It can be treated by injecting insulin into the blood. Porcine and bovine insulin, extracted from the pancreases of pigs and cattle, have both been widely used. Porcine insulin has only one ...
Final Review Sheet
... 56. Mendel hypothesized that each trait is controlled by a "factor." What do we now call this factor? 57. What are different versions of a gene called? 58. What is the term used to describe the genetic makeup of an organism? 59. Is an organism with two different alleles for a trait homozygous or het ...
... 56. Mendel hypothesized that each trait is controlled by a "factor." What do we now call this factor? 57. What are different versions of a gene called? 58. What is the term used to describe the genetic makeup of an organism? 59. Is an organism with two different alleles for a trait homozygous or het ...
Macromolecules
... can avoid freezing by increasing the number of unsaturated fatty acids in its cell membranes… ...
... can avoid freezing by increasing the number of unsaturated fatty acids in its cell membranes… ...
Hfr cells
... How is the bacterial chromosome different from the eukaryotic chromosome? What other molecule contains useful genetic information for prokaryotes? Compare and contrast DNA replication in eukaryotes vs. prokaryotes. Why does the replication of every DNA molecule start with a short segment of RNA? Def ...
... How is the bacterial chromosome different from the eukaryotic chromosome? What other molecule contains useful genetic information for prokaryotes? Compare and contrast DNA replication in eukaryotes vs. prokaryotes. Why does the replication of every DNA molecule start with a short segment of RNA? Def ...
Four Types of Organic Molecules
... Have 3 parts: * 5 carbon sugar * phosphate group * nitrogenous base group ...
... Have 3 parts: * 5 carbon sugar * phosphate group * nitrogenous base group ...
10/02 Chromatin and Chromosome structure
... The Regulation of Transposition • Limiting the production of the transposase enzyme • High levels of transposition in new cells • Decreases as the number of transposons increases • Reaches steady state • Some regulation of transcription of transposase, but most regulation is at translation ...
... The Regulation of Transposition • Limiting the production of the transposase enzyme • High levels of transposition in new cells • Decreases as the number of transposons increases • Reaches steady state • Some regulation of transcription of transposase, but most regulation is at translation ...
Carbohydrates
... The linear sequences of nucleotide in DNA are passes from parents to offspring - The sequences of bases determine a.a. sequence for a protein. 1 gene codes for 1 protein Organisms that share a greater proportion of DNA sequences are more closely related, evolutionarily; therefore, their protei ...
... The linear sequences of nucleotide in DNA are passes from parents to offspring - The sequences of bases determine a.a. sequence for a protein. 1 gene codes for 1 protein Organisms that share a greater proportion of DNA sequences are more closely related, evolutionarily; therefore, their protei ...
Protein Synthesis Drawing
... ribosome by bonding their anticodons to the complementary mRNA codons. ...
... ribosome by bonding their anticodons to the complementary mRNA codons. ...
amino acids
... • Depends upon the increased entropy (+∆S) which occurs when water molecules surrounding a nonpolar molecule are freed to interact with each other in solution • The cumulative effects of many hydrophobic interactions can have a significant effect on the stability of a macromolecule ...
... • Depends upon the increased entropy (+∆S) which occurs when water molecules surrounding a nonpolar molecule are freed to interact with each other in solution • The cumulative effects of many hydrophobic interactions can have a significant effect on the stability of a macromolecule ...
2140401 - Gujarat Technological University
... List of Open Source Software/learning website: Students can refer to video lectures available on the websites including NPTEL. Students can refer to the CDs which are available with some reference books. Students can develop their own flowsheets for demonstration of central dogma process. ACTIVE LEA ...
... List of Open Source Software/learning website: Students can refer to video lectures available on the websites including NPTEL. Students can refer to the CDs which are available with some reference books. Students can develop their own flowsheets for demonstration of central dogma process. ACTIVE LEA ...
of translation Initiation: brings together mRNA, a tRNA (with the first
... ultraviolet light األشعة فوق البنفسجية. ...
... ultraviolet light األشعة فوق البنفسجية. ...
Microbiology 7/e
... The DNA bases on each strand act as a template to synthesize a complementary strand • Recall that Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) The process is semiconservative because each new double-stranded DNA contains one old strand (template) and one newly-synth ...
... The DNA bases on each strand act as a template to synthesize a complementary strand • Recall that Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) The process is semiconservative because each new double-stranded DNA contains one old strand (template) and one newly-synth ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.