Honors Biology
... d. In mice the gene for coat color has two forms. The allele for colored coat is dominant to the allele for albino. There are two forms for the gene controlling whiskers as well; straight is dominant to bent. Consider a cross between two mice heterozygous for both these genes. 22. Provide the chromo ...
... d. In mice the gene for coat color has two forms. The allele for colored coat is dominant to the allele for albino. There are two forms for the gene controlling whiskers as well; straight is dominant to bent. Consider a cross between two mice heterozygous for both these genes. 22. Provide the chromo ...
Sunflower DNA extraction for RFLP and PCR
... CTAB extraction buffer (1% CTAB, 0.7 M NaCl, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 20 mM EDTA pH 8.0, 0.5% PVP40, autoclaved and store at RT) preheated at 60°C and 1 uL βMercaptoethanol (0.1%-0.3%). 2. Put the 2.0 mL tube in 60-65°C water bath for 1.5 hr, mix gently by inverting the tubes for several times every 2 ...
... CTAB extraction buffer (1% CTAB, 0.7 M NaCl, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0, 20 mM EDTA pH 8.0, 0.5% PVP40, autoclaved and store at RT) preheated at 60°C and 1 uL βMercaptoethanol (0.1%-0.3%). 2. Put the 2.0 mL tube in 60-65°C water bath for 1.5 hr, mix gently by inverting the tubes for several times every 2 ...
Study Guide for Transcription.
... RNA is much less stable than DNA --in RNA, U and G can base-pair. There are also other unusual pairings that occur in RNA but not in DNA --single stranded RNA has secondary structure: stem-loops form when bases pair up. Also, a pseudoknot forms when the bases of a loop pair with a different part of ...
... RNA is much less stable than DNA --in RNA, U and G can base-pair. There are also other unusual pairings that occur in RNA but not in DNA --single stranded RNA has secondary structure: stem-loops form when bases pair up. Also, a pseudoknot forms when the bases of a loop pair with a different part of ...
Cloning and Sequencing
... when designing primers Actually not a single primer for each but a mixture of primers (oligoprimers) if the sequence of the target is not known If amino acid sequence of gene product is used then degenerate primers must be used Initial forward primer is GABTATGTTGTTGARTCTTCWGG B=G/T/C R=G/A (purines ...
... when designing primers Actually not a single primer for each but a mixture of primers (oligoprimers) if the sequence of the target is not known If amino acid sequence of gene product is used then degenerate primers must be used Initial forward primer is GABTATGTTGTTGARTCTTCWGG B=G/T/C R=G/A (purines ...
AP Biology Summer Homework Macromolecules WebQuest
... 1. Proteins are chains of _______________________ linked by _______________________. 2. The 20 different amino acids used to make all proteins differ only in their _______________________. 3. A protein’s amino acid sequence determines its _______________________ and _______________________. 4. What ...
... 1. Proteins are chains of _______________________ linked by _______________________. 2. The 20 different amino acids used to make all proteins differ only in their _______________________. 3. A protein’s amino acid sequence determines its _______________________ and _______________________. 4. What ...
DNA Mutation
... capable of existing in two forms between which they interconvert. For example, guanine can exist in keto or enol forms. The keto form is favored but the enol form can occur by shifting a proton and some electrons; these forms are called tautomers or structural isomers. The various tautomer forms of ...
... capable of existing in two forms between which they interconvert. For example, guanine can exist in keto or enol forms. The keto form is favored but the enol form can occur by shifting a proton and some electrons; these forms are called tautomers or structural isomers. The various tautomer forms of ...
Simultanous isolation of RNA and DNA from one FFPE
... Since FFPE samples contain DNA molecules that are crosslinked to each other, as well as to RNA and protein molecules, breakage of these crosslinks is necessary in order to release DNA for subsequent purification. After differential solubilization, RNA is removed with the supernatant and DNA remains ...
... Since FFPE samples contain DNA molecules that are crosslinked to each other, as well as to RNA and protein molecules, breakage of these crosslinks is necessary in order to release DNA for subsequent purification. After differential solubilization, RNA is removed with the supernatant and DNA remains ...
UNIT 1: DNA and the Genome
... Explain what determines the phenotype of an organism Give examples of 2 factors that influence gene expression Explain why only a fraction of genes in a cell are expressed State which processes are regulated to control gene expression (b) Structure and functions of RNA Name the molecules in a RNA nu ...
... Explain what determines the phenotype of an organism Give examples of 2 factors that influence gene expression Explain why only a fraction of genes in a cell are expressed State which processes are regulated to control gene expression (b) Structure and functions of RNA Name the molecules in a RNA nu ...
Classification of Microorganisms
... • Use anabolic machinery within host cell to multiply • Viral genome can direct biosynthesis inside a cell • Some can be incorporated into the host’s genome • Virus is more closely related to its host than to other virus • Viral species- morphology, genes, enzymes • Obligatory intracellular parasite ...
... • Use anabolic machinery within host cell to multiply • Viral genome can direct biosynthesis inside a cell • Some can be incorporated into the host’s genome • Virus is more closely related to its host than to other virus • Viral species- morphology, genes, enzymes • Obligatory intracellular parasite ...
Genetic mechanisms
... Nucleic acid structure (RNA, DNA) Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides (polymer, monomer) each nucleotide consists of 3 parts ...
... Nucleic acid structure (RNA, DNA) Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides (polymer, monomer) each nucleotide consists of 3 parts ...
Chap 11 – Regulation of Eukaryotic Gene Expression
... most genes seems to be off. A typical plant or animal cell needs to turn on and transcribe only a small percentage of its genes. ...
... most genes seems to be off. A typical plant or animal cell needs to turn on and transcribe only a small percentage of its genes. ...
Bartlett`s Lecture
... likely to yield good PCR • Amino acid racemization: conversion of L-amino acids to D-amino acids • Rate depends on water, temperature, chelated metal ions (things that also affect rate of DNA depurination) • The higher the D/L ratio, the less likely that DNA can be isolated: >0.08, no DNA will be is ...
... likely to yield good PCR • Amino acid racemization: conversion of L-amino acids to D-amino acids • Rate depends on water, temperature, chelated metal ions (things that also affect rate of DNA depurination) • The higher the D/L ratio, the less likely that DNA can be isolated: >0.08, no DNA will be is ...
Vitamin A - Denton ISD
... 2. The building block of protein are amino acids. 3. 1gram = 4 Calories 4. Enzymes 5. Regulatory & transport functions 1. Insulin 2. hemoglobin 6. Body only makes 12 AA 1. Must include the other 8 AA from your diet ...
... 2. The building block of protein are amino acids. 3. 1gram = 4 Calories 4. Enzymes 5. Regulatory & transport functions 1. Insulin 2. hemoglobin 6. Body only makes 12 AA 1. Must include the other 8 AA from your diet ...
Genetic terms, punnett squares
... » Plasmids - circular DNA molecules found in bacteria, separate from other bacterial DNA » Sticky ends - matching or complimentary segments of DNA that are produced by restriction enzymes » Human genes can be inserted into bacterial plasmids so the bacteria can produce human enzymes or proteins = re ...
... » Plasmids - circular DNA molecules found in bacteria, separate from other bacterial DNA » Sticky ends - matching or complimentary segments of DNA that are produced by restriction enzymes » Human genes can be inserted into bacterial plasmids so the bacteria can produce human enzymes or proteins = re ...
Conjugative plasmids are circular pieces of DNA that not only
... strains that lacked the plasmid, and conjugation was allowed to occur during growth on a plate overnight. The conjugation efficiency was determined by dividing the number of transconjugants (the recipient cells that incorporated the plasmid) by the total number of recipient cells. How was the number ...
... strains that lacked the plasmid, and conjugation was allowed to occur during growth on a plate overnight. The conjugation efficiency was determined by dividing the number of transconjugants (the recipient cells that incorporated the plasmid) by the total number of recipient cells. How was the number ...
Lecture 6 S - BEHESHTI MAAL
... Bacteria after cell death and lysis could release DNA into environment Recipient cell can take up DNA fragments and incorporate into their own DNA – Resulting in a hybrid (recombinant cell) ...
... Bacteria after cell death and lysis could release DNA into environment Recipient cell can take up DNA fragments and incorporate into their own DNA – Resulting in a hybrid (recombinant cell) ...
3.2 and 3.3
... • No fatty acids • Rigid backbone of four fused-together carbon rings • Different functional groups ...
... • No fatty acids • Rigid backbone of four fused-together carbon rings • Different functional groups ...
DNA˙Practice Name: Date - Hatboro
... Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following question(s). Part of the process of protein synthesis is shown below. The di erent structures in this process are ...
... Use the information and the diagram below to answer the following question(s). Part of the process of protein synthesis is shown below. The di erent structures in this process are ...
Name Period Chapter 12 Genetics Lesson 1: The Genetic Code
... 4. Heterozygous refers to organism that has ______ __________________ _____________ for a trait. ( one brown and one blue eyed allele) Lesson 4: Chromosomes and Inheritance Chromosomes and inheritance: 1. Walter Sutton studied grasshoppers to discover how sex cells (eggs and sperm) form. 2. He hypot ...
... 4. Heterozygous refers to organism that has ______ __________________ _____________ for a trait. ( one brown and one blue eyed allele) Lesson 4: Chromosomes and Inheritance Chromosomes and inheritance: 1. Walter Sutton studied grasshoppers to discover how sex cells (eggs and sperm) form. 2. He hypot ...
to accompany Holes` Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology
... chain (R group) • Amino acids are linked in a peptide bond joining the amino of one and carboxyl group of another amino acid ...
... chain (R group) • Amino acids are linked in a peptide bond joining the amino of one and carboxyl group of another amino acid ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.