in Silico Primer Design and Simulation for Targeted
... n Primer3 used to create primers using PCR. n The primers then need to be validated. Validation is performed by simulation, alignment and re-assembly. ...
... n Primer3 used to create primers using PCR. n The primers then need to be validated. Validation is performed by simulation, alignment and re-assembly. ...
Stain Chemistry and Technology
... staining is a simple nuclear stain and a counterstain. In most staining protocols, lowest molecular weight dyes are applied first (e.g. haematoxylin), differentiated, and then larger counterstains are applied. “Haematoxylin” is a mordant (metal complexing) dye; the cationic / basic dye-metal com ...
... staining is a simple nuclear stain and a counterstain. In most staining protocols, lowest molecular weight dyes are applied first (e.g. haematoxylin), differentiated, and then larger counterstains are applied. “Haematoxylin” is a mordant (metal complexing) dye; the cationic / basic dye-metal com ...
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
... molecular biology, allowing analysis of genes at the nucleotide level. For this reason, this tool has been applied to many areas of research. For example, PCR requires first knowing the flanking sequences of this piece. Another important use of DNA sequencing is identifying restriction sites in plas ...
... molecular biology, allowing analysis of genes at the nucleotide level. For this reason, this tool has been applied to many areas of research. For example, PCR requires first knowing the flanking sequences of this piece. Another important use of DNA sequencing is identifying restriction sites in plas ...
UNIT SIX: MOLECULAR GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
... A. Genetic material held in the molecules of DNA ultimately determines an organism’s traits. 1. DNA achieves this control by making all the proteins for an organism. a. Remember enzymes are proteins and these control the chemical reactions needed for life. . B. Review structure of DNA 1. made of str ...
... A. Genetic material held in the molecules of DNA ultimately determines an organism’s traits. 1. DNA achieves this control by making all the proteins for an organism. a. Remember enzymes are proteins and these control the chemical reactions needed for life. . B. Review structure of DNA 1. made of str ...
1 Unit 3- Genetics What is Genetics? What is heredity? What are
... A person with Type O________________________________________________ group (ie A, B, O or AB). Blood group O individuals do not have either A or B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, but their blood serum contains IgM ___________________ and anti-B antibodies against the A and B blood group antig ...
... A person with Type O________________________________________________ group (ie A, B, O or AB). Blood group O individuals do not have either A or B antigens on the surface of their RBCs, but their blood serum contains IgM ___________________ and anti-B antibodies against the A and B blood group antig ...
Monday - Biostatistics
... A deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA molecule is a doublestranded polymer composed of four basic molecular units called nucleotides. ...
... A deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA molecule is a doublestranded polymer composed of four basic molecular units called nucleotides. ...
AP Bio Ch.18 “Genetics of Viruses and Bacteria” The Genetics of Viruses
... eaters”) or other bacteria by cutting up foreign DNA, a process called “restriction.” These enzymes cut DNA molecules at a limited number of locations. Gene cloning and genetic engineering were made possible by discovery of restriction enzymes. They gave scientists a pair of microscopic scissors tha ...
... eaters”) or other bacteria by cutting up foreign DNA, a process called “restriction.” These enzymes cut DNA molecules at a limited number of locations. Gene cloning and genetic engineering were made possible by discovery of restriction enzymes. They gave scientists a pair of microscopic scissors tha ...
Chapter_9_Student
... Producing New Kinds of Plants Mutations in some plant cells produce cells that have double or triple the normal number of chromosomes. This condition, known as polyploidy, produces new species of plants that are often larger and stronger than their ...
... Producing New Kinds of Plants Mutations in some plant cells produce cells that have double or triple the normal number of chromosomes. This condition, known as polyploidy, produces new species of plants that are often larger and stronger than their ...
Chapter 6
... • There are different pathways for the assembly of nucleosomes during replication and independently of replication. • Accessory proteins are required to assist the assembly of nucleosomes. ...
... • There are different pathways for the assembly of nucleosomes during replication and independently of replication. • Accessory proteins are required to assist the assembly of nucleosomes. ...
Gene regulation in bacteria -
... be wasteful if a bacterium made enzymes for metabolising maltose if this sugar was not present in its surroundings. Gene activator proteins can switch on protein production in such circumstances. How do these proteins work? The DNA sequences in promoters before genes that are not continuously active ...
... be wasteful if a bacterium made enzymes for metabolising maltose if this sugar was not present in its surroundings. Gene activator proteins can switch on protein production in such circumstances. How do these proteins work? The DNA sequences in promoters before genes that are not continuously active ...
Biochemistry notes (updated 10/26)
... They occur naturally in plants, animals, and fungi, with the most familiar type of animal sterol being cholesterol. Cholesterol is vital to cellular function, and a precursor to fat-soluble vitamins and steroid hormones. 3-six sided rings and one 5-sided ring + alcohol ...
... They occur naturally in plants, animals, and fungi, with the most familiar type of animal sterol being cholesterol. Cholesterol is vital to cellular function, and a precursor to fat-soluble vitamins and steroid hormones. 3-six sided rings and one 5-sided ring + alcohol ...
Ion exchange chromatography File
... < pI - A protein has more positively charged amino acids and therefore an overall positive charge. It will bind to cation exchangers > pI - A a protein has more negatively charged amino acids and an overall negative charge. It will bind to anion exchangers At its pI, a protein will not bind to eithe ...
... < pI - A protein has more positively charged amino acids and therefore an overall positive charge. It will bind to cation exchangers > pI - A a protein has more negatively charged amino acids and an overall negative charge. It will bind to anion exchangers At its pI, a protein will not bind to eithe ...
Biochemisty
... • Malt sugar or corn sugar consists of two glucose molecules linked by an a-1,4-glycosidic bond • It comes from partial hydrolysis of starch by the enzyme amylase, which is in saliva and also in grains (like barley) • Maltose is an important intermediate in the digestion of starch. Starch is used by ...
... • Malt sugar or corn sugar consists of two glucose molecules linked by an a-1,4-glycosidic bond • It comes from partial hydrolysis of starch by the enzyme amylase, which is in saliva and also in grains (like barley) • Maltose is an important intermediate in the digestion of starch. Starch is used by ...
Model for transcriptional activation
... • Gene-specific factors stimulate transcription further (or repress it) and allow fine regulatory control. ...
... • Gene-specific factors stimulate transcription further (or repress it) and allow fine regulatory control. ...
Lecture #9 Date
... ● In humans, researchers analyze the genomes of many people with a certain genetic condition to try to find nucleotide changes specific to the condition ● Genetic markers called SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) occur on average every 100– 300 base pairs ● SNPs can be detected by PCR, and any ...
... ● In humans, researchers analyze the genomes of many people with a certain genetic condition to try to find nucleotide changes specific to the condition ● Genetic markers called SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) occur on average every 100– 300 base pairs ● SNPs can be detected by PCR, and any ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... the image that the mouse still died, indicating that something other than protein was the transforming agent. DNase which destroys DNA--notice from the image that the mouse lived, indicating that DNA is required for the transformation event. ...
... the image that the mouse still died, indicating that something other than protein was the transforming agent. DNase which destroys DNA--notice from the image that the mouse lived, indicating that DNA is required for the transformation event. ...
CH2 Organic Chem notes only OrganicChem13
... 2. What would my body use for fuel for slower, long distance types of activities? 3. Why would the proteins of the skin, hair and nails be classified as defense proteins? 4. Which nucleic acid is single stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine? 5. What is the most important high energy com ...
... 2. What would my body use for fuel for slower, long distance types of activities? 3. Why would the proteins of the skin, hair and nails be classified as defense proteins? 4. Which nucleic acid is single stranded and contains uracil instead of thymine? 5. What is the most important high energy com ...
Elucidation of the Genetic Code
... • Nirenberg and Leder cracked the entire code except STOP codons in 1964 • They showed that a synthetic RNA corresponding to a single codon (trinucleotide) could direct the binding of specific aminoacyl-tRNAs to ribosomes in vitro • By using 14C-labelled amino acids with all possible trinucleotid ...
... • Nirenberg and Leder cracked the entire code except STOP codons in 1964 • They showed that a synthetic RNA corresponding to a single codon (trinucleotide) could direct the binding of specific aminoacyl-tRNAs to ribosomes in vitro • By using 14C-labelled amino acids with all possible trinucleotid ...
Lesson6.5_Translation Process
... How does translation occur? 1. The ribosome attaches to the mRNA molecule. 2. The tRNA attaches to the mRNA. The tRNA anticodon attaches to the mRNA codon. 3. The first two amino acids are joined/connected and the first tRNA leaves, and the ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon ...
... How does translation occur? 1. The ribosome attaches to the mRNA molecule. 2. The tRNA attaches to the mRNA. The tRNA anticodon attaches to the mRNA codon. 3. The first two amino acids are joined/connected and the first tRNA leaves, and the ribosome moves along the mRNA to the next codon ...
Organic Macromolecules
... What are the monomers for proteins Amino acids What is the relationship between an amino acid, polypeptide, and protein? Amino acids are linked together in a chain called a polypeptide. The polypeptides are precisely twisted, folded. And coiled into a unique shape forming the protein What are the fu ...
... What are the monomers for proteins Amino acids What is the relationship between an amino acid, polypeptide, and protein? Amino acids are linked together in a chain called a polypeptide. The polypeptides are precisely twisted, folded. And coiled into a unique shape forming the protein What are the fu ...
Chapter 12
... Each picture shows three molecules which appear linked. It happens because negative stain does not penetrate between the molecules due to their tight packing within a helical crystal. ...
... Each picture shows three molecules which appear linked. It happens because negative stain does not penetrate between the molecules due to their tight packing within a helical crystal. ...
Concept of DNA and RNA
... composed of DNA (or RNA) inside a protein coat/shell called a capsid. It was also known that viruses replicate by taking over the host cell metabolic functions to make more virus. We are used to thinking and talking about viruses, which invade our bodies and make us sick, but there are other, differ ...
... composed of DNA (or RNA) inside a protein coat/shell called a capsid. It was also known that viruses replicate by taking over the host cell metabolic functions to make more virus. We are used to thinking and talking about viruses, which invade our bodies and make us sick, but there are other, differ ...
Nucleic acid analogue
Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.