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Chapter 20~ DNA Technology & Genomics
Chapter 20~ DNA Technology & Genomics

... Single circular chromosome ◦ haploid ◦ naked DNA  no histone proteins ...
Lecture16 Biol302 Spring 2011
Lecture16 Biol302 Spring 2011

... Each of the 20 amino acids in proteins is specified by one or more nucleotide triplets in mRNA. (20 amino acids refers to what is attached to the tRNAs!) Of the 64 possible triplets, given the four bases in mRNA, 61 specify amino acids and 3 signal chain termination. (have no tRNAs!) ...
“gene we want” into plasmid
“gene we want” into plasmid

...  A way to get genes into bacteria easily insert new gene into plasmid  insert plasmid into bacteria = vector  bacteria now expresses new gene ...
Gene Regulation
Gene Regulation

Defining Protein Products for a Proposed Gene Model
Defining Protein Products for a Proposed Gene Model

... Some sequences are too long to have only one reading frame Reading frames overlap one another There are often more than one start (methionine) codons in a sequence A codon encompasses 3 nucleotides, one sequence can produce different reading frames depending on which nucleotide is read first How man ...
Vectors - Rajshahi University
Vectors - Rajshahi University

... A plasmid is a molecule which can be stably inherited without being linked to the chromosome. Plasmids were originally defined as ‘‘extrachromosomal, hereditary determinants’’(Lederberg,1952). They are generally covalently closed circular (CCC) molecules of double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Don’t forget to go: …coding DNA …template DNA …mRNA …A A ...
Protein Folding and The Impact of Mutations
Protein Folding and The Impact of Mutations



... determined. What techniques would you use to determine the quaternary structure before X-ray diffraction could be used? Briefly describe the techniques, the data you would obtain, and how you would use this data to substantiate the structure shown on the right. (Note, the two heavy chains are linked ...
Gene Expression
Gene Expression

... analysis for your genes of interest. Our facility uses the ABI Primer Express software to design effective sequencing, real-time PCR, and reverse transcription primers. The Gene eXpress profiler uses gene sequence data to effectively design chimeric primers for a GeXP experiment. Reverse Transcripti ...
QIAquick® Gel Extraction Kit
QIAquick® Gel Extraction Kit

... 3 M sodium acetate, pH 5.0, and mix. The mixture turns yellow. ...
Experiment 1: Determining the presence of E. coli and H. pylori in
Experiment 1: Determining the presence of E. coli and H. pylori in

TIANamp Genomic DNA Kit
TIANamp Genomic DNA Kit

Rapid Sample Preparation and HPLC-ESI- TOFMS Analysis of Derivatized Amino Acids Introduction
Rapid Sample Preparation and HPLC-ESI- TOFMS Analysis of Derivatized Amino Acids Introduction

... A wide variety of analytical methods for the analysis of amino acids have been developed over the years, however there is still a need for faster methods as well as for more sensitive multi-analyte methods. These needs may be fulfilled by decreasing sample preparation time, speeding up chromatograph ...
Bacteriophage-mediated nucleic acid immunisation
Bacteriophage-mediated nucleic acid immunisation

... V-HBsAg phage i.m. in either saline bu¡er, oil adjuvant or in association with liposomes. Recombinant phage were also administered nasally after association with the mucosal adjuvant chitosan [18] and by gene gun after freeze drying. Control mice were immunised with unmodi¢ed V-gt11 phage (i.m. in b ...
CHAPTER 19: GENE TECHNOLOGY
CHAPTER 19: GENE TECHNOLOGY

... fingerprinting has been used to identify and convict numerous criminals. Dozens of commercial applications exist to utilize this revolutionary technology. The most obvious, pharmaceuticals, encounters additional problems of separating the desired product from the rest of the cellular material. Attem ...
How Do Heritable Changes in Genes Occur?
How Do Heritable Changes in Genes Occur?

... • Transfer bacteria from the agar culture you received from Carolina to the NB tubes, using a sterile inoculating loop; twirl the loop in the NB to release the bacteria. • Incubate the tubes at room temperature under a light. Growth will be faster if you swirl the tubes carefully every hour or so du ...


... intracellular precursor for the L-chain peptide is composed of two functionally unrelated proteins: (1) at-microglobulin (HC), an acute phase reactant belonging to the fipocalin superfamily of plasma proteins that circulate in plasma both free and as a complex with IgA [9.10] and impedes antigen sti ...
Chapter 3. The Beginnings of Genomic Biology
Chapter 3. The Beginnings of Genomic Biology

... a double helicical structure with the sugars and phosphates making the two hlices on the outside of the structure. The sugars were held together by 3’-5’-phosphodiester bonds. The bases pair on the inside of the molecule with A always pairing with T, and G always pairing with C. This pairing leads t ...
DNA Technology Notes
DNA Technology Notes

Symmetries by base substitutions in the genetic code - HAL
Symmetries by base substitutions in the genetic code - HAL

DNA Technology Notes (13.1 &13.2)
DNA Technology Notes (13.1 &13.2)

...  Biologists use DNA technology to produce plants with many desirable traits.  Genetically engineered cotton resists insect infestation of the bolls.  Sweet-potato plants are resistant to a virus that could kill most of the African harvest.  Rice plants with increased iron and vitamins ...
Lesson Plan - beyond benign
Lesson Plan - beyond benign

3.3 How Do You Identify and Clone a Gene of Interest?
3.3 How Do You Identify and Clone a Gene of Interest?

... • DNA microarray analysis • Single-stranded DNA molecules are attached onto a slide using a robotic arrayer fitted with tiny pins • Can have over 10,000 spots of DNA • Extract mRNA from tissue of interest, tag it with fluorescent dye, and incubate overnight with the slide • mRNA will hybridize to sp ...
Page 1 Introduction to Biochemistry
Page 1 Introduction to Biochemistry

... replaced by amino groups. 16. The elements which make up lipid molecules are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen plus phosphorus as phosphate in phospholipids. 17. The main types of lipids are described as either oils or fats, depending on their melting points. They are immiscible with water but soluble in ...
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Nucleic acid analogue



Nucleic acid analogues are compounds which are analogous (structurally similar) to naturally occurring RNA and DNA, used in medicine and in molecular biology research.Nucleic acids are chains of nucleotides, which are composed of three parts: a phosphate backbone, a pucker-shaped pentose sugar, either ribose or deoxyribose, and one of four nucleobases.An analogue may have any of these altered. Typically the analogue nucleobases confer, among other things, different base pairing and base stacking properties. Examples include universal bases, which can pair with all four canonical bases, and phosphate-sugar backbone analogues such as PNA, which affect the properties of the chain (PNA can even form a triple helix).Nucleic acid analogues are also called Xeno Nucleic Acid and represent one of the main pillars of xenobiology, the design of new-to-nature forms of life based on alternative biochemistries.Artificial nucleic acids include peptide nucleic acid (PNA), Morpholino and locked nucleic acid (LNA), as well as glycol nucleic acid (GNA) and threose nucleic acid (TNA). Each of these is distinguished from naturally occurring DNA or RNA by changes to the backbone of the molecule.In May 2014, researchers announced that they had successfully introduced two new artificial nucleotides into bacterial DNA, and by including individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured 2 fused aromatic rings.
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