predator diversity and identity drive interaction strength and trophic
... Abstract. Declining predator diversity may drastically affect the biomass and productivity of herbivores and plants. Understanding how changes in predator diversity can propagate through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied ...
... Abstract. Declining predator diversity may drastically affect the biomass and productivity of herbivores and plants. Understanding how changes in predator diversity can propagate through food webs to alter ecosystem function is one of the most challenging ecological research topics today. We studied ...
Spatial dynamics of mutualistic interactions
... with several localities interconnected by dispersal of the mobile mutualist. 2. Within a given locality, an Allee effect can occur such that the per capita growth rate of the non-mobile mutualist declines with its own abundance. The Allee effect arises in response to low abundances of the mobile mut ...
... with several localities interconnected by dispersal of the mobile mutualist. 2. Within a given locality, an Allee effect can occur such that the per capita growth rate of the non-mobile mutualist declines with its own abundance. The Allee effect arises in response to low abundances of the mobile mut ...
At high densities kangaroo grazing can reduce biodiversity
... due to the absence of predators and ready access to permanent water in farm dams. At high densities, kangaroos reduce abundance and diversity of plants and reptiles, degrade bird habitat and threaten an endangered mammal. Detection of the vulnerable striped legless lizard declines dramatically with ...
... due to the absence of predators and ready access to permanent water in farm dams. At high densities, kangaroos reduce abundance and diversity of plants and reptiles, degrade bird habitat and threaten an endangered mammal. Detection of the vulnerable striped legless lizard declines dramatically with ...
Effects of single-tree selection harvesting on Rose
... Poulin et al., 2010). Determining whether silvicultural techniques such as selection harvesting are contributing to avian population declines is important, because much of the hardwood forest in eastern North America, which represents valuable habitat for many songbird species, is currently subject ...
... Poulin et al., 2010). Determining whether silvicultural techniques such as selection harvesting are contributing to avian population declines is important, because much of the hardwood forest in eastern North America, which represents valuable habitat for many songbird species, is currently subject ...
Interphyletic Competition Among Marine Benthos
... Marine benthos exhibit an enormous array of forms, sizes, anatomical systems, and growth processes. Nevertheless, these organisms can be readily classified into a limited number of functional groups each of which includes representatives of a wide range of benthic taxa. A functional group includes a ...
... Marine benthos exhibit an enormous array of forms, sizes, anatomical systems, and growth processes. Nevertheless, these organisms can be readily classified into a limited number of functional groups each of which includes representatives of a wide range of benthic taxa. A functional group includes a ...
Long-footed Potoroo
... East Forest National Park and possibly adjacent areas of private land or lands managed by the Forestry Corporation of NSW (Yambulla and Bondi State Forests) (NPWS 2002). Two records from predator scats from Yambulla State Forest indicate that this species potentially is found in Yambulla State Fores ...
... East Forest National Park and possibly adjacent areas of private land or lands managed by the Forestry Corporation of NSW (Yambulla and Bondi State Forests) (NPWS 2002). Two records from predator scats from Yambulla State Forest indicate that this species potentially is found in Yambulla State Fores ...
Rodent Burrow Systems in North America
... problems for humans. However, many rodents have adapted to and taken advantage of human environments, and are considered pests in urban, agriculture, and forestry settings. Many of these rodent species excavate burrow systems that are used for various purposes. Other species do not build burrow syst ...
... problems for humans. However, many rodents have adapted to and taken advantage of human environments, and are considered pests in urban, agriculture, and forestry settings. Many of these rodent species excavate burrow systems that are used for various purposes. Other species do not build burrow syst ...
Despite its inhospitable appearance and lack of
... efficient (sinkholes) or slower (like micro- and macro-fissures in limestone). The accidental guests occurring in groundwater are called stygoxenes. They do not have adaptations enabling them to survive in the harsh underground environment, where food supply is more restricted than in their habitat ...
... efficient (sinkholes) or slower (like micro- and macro-fissures in limestone). The accidental guests occurring in groundwater are called stygoxenes. They do not have adaptations enabling them to survive in the harsh underground environment, where food supply is more restricted than in their habitat ...
Quantifying Biodiversity: Experience with Parataxonomists and
... describe parataxonomist activities and training. This search has obvious limitations, such as the efficiency of the search engines, the reluctance of some researchers to publicize their activities, or the difficulties of access to the Web from many developing countries. In addition to the two sites ...
... describe parataxonomist activities and training. This search has obvious limitations, such as the efficiency of the search engines, the reluctance of some researchers to publicize their activities, or the difficulties of access to the Web from many developing countries. In addition to the two sites ...
Ecosystem services generated by fish populations
... In this paper, we review the role of fish populations in generating ecosystem services based on documented ecological functions and human demands of fish. The ongoing overexploitation of global fish resources concerns our societies, not only in terms of decreasing fish populations important for cons ...
... In this paper, we review the role of fish populations in generating ecosystem services based on documented ecological functions and human demands of fish. The ongoing overexploitation of global fish resources concerns our societies, not only in terms of decreasing fish populations important for cons ...
boughman 2002 tree sensory drive and speciation
... food [17] or detecting predators, which might be cryptic rather than conspicuous [18–20]. Because of local adaptation in perception (perceptual tuning), females are more sensitive to some sound frequencies, wavelengths of light, or smells than they are to others. The structure of peripheral sensory ...
... food [17] or detecting predators, which might be cryptic rather than conspicuous [18–20]. Because of local adaptation in perception (perceptual tuning), females are more sensitive to some sound frequencies, wavelengths of light, or smells than they are to others. The structure of peripheral sensory ...
Plant communities in harsh sites are less invaded: a summary of
... evidence of impacts or when describing multiple non-indigenous species together, some of which may not be known invasives. We also note that hypotheses for low invadedness of harsh sites can also apply to patterns of invasion by native species (Alpert et al., 2000), and discuss certain cases where r ...
... evidence of impacts or when describing multiple non-indigenous species together, some of which may not be known invasives. We also note that hypotheses for low invadedness of harsh sites can also apply to patterns of invasion by native species (Alpert et al., 2000), and discuss certain cases where r ...
Overcoming evolutionary history: conditioning the
... cause a mismatch between current cues and the conditions with which they were historically associated (Schlaepfer et al., 2002; Schlaepher et al., 2005; Robertson et al., 2013). Individuals can consequently become “trapped” by their evolutionarily engrained responses to novel environmental cues and ...
... cause a mismatch between current cues and the conditions with which they were historically associated (Schlaepfer et al., 2002; Schlaepher et al., 2005; Robertson et al., 2013). Individuals can consequently become “trapped” by their evolutionarily engrained responses to novel environmental cues and ...
Competition and intraguild predation among three sympatric
... in agonistic interactions and energetic constraints related to body size in determining local abundances of coyotes (Canis latrans, 8–20 kg), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, 3–5 kg) and bobcats (Felis rufus, 5–15 kg) at three study sites (hereafter referred to as NP, CP, and SP) in the Santa M ...
... in agonistic interactions and energetic constraints related to body size in determining local abundances of coyotes (Canis latrans, 8–20 kg), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus, 3–5 kg) and bobcats (Felis rufus, 5–15 kg) at three study sites (hereafter referred to as NP, CP, and SP) in the Santa M ...
Competition strength of two significant invasive
... 2004). In South Africa, invasive Acacia saligna can outperform a native shrub when nutrients are high, while at normal nutrient levels, there is little competitive advantage (Witkowski 1991). Within coastal dune in eastern Australia, bitou bush can increase nutrient levels in the soil (Lindsay an ...
... 2004). In South Africa, invasive Acacia saligna can outperform a native shrub when nutrients are high, while at normal nutrient levels, there is little competitive advantage (Witkowski 1991). Within coastal dune in eastern Australia, bitou bush can increase nutrient levels in the soil (Lindsay an ...
marine ecosystems and fisheries
... pressure to satisfy expanding demands caused by population growth and globalization. Many valuable fisheries around the world have collapsed; invasive species have disrupted marine food webs; and an increasing number of species are in danger of extinction as a result of human activities. Changes suc ...
... pressure to satisfy expanding demands caused by population growth and globalization. Many valuable fisheries around the world have collapsed; invasive species have disrupted marine food webs; and an increasing number of species are in danger of extinction as a result of human activities. Changes suc ...
Monitoring data from citizen-science programs
... The world’s grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and important habitats for many other species, thereby increasing biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity across ...
... The world’s grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and important habitats for many other species, thereby increasing biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity across ...
Dispersal and persistence
... What is the relative importance of long-distance dispersal events and vicariance (population-splitting events)? Eclecticist - dispersal and vicariance events are both important ...
... What is the relative importance of long-distance dispersal events and vicariance (population-splitting events)? Eclecticist - dispersal and vicariance events are both important ...
pico_baae_2009.doc
... of the perennial herb Succisa pratensis from six populations in grazed and ungrazed sites with different soil moisture. We built an individual-based model assessing the demographic consequences of inbreeding depression in populations with different management and habitat. Today this plant has to cop ...
... of the perennial herb Succisa pratensis from six populations in grazed and ungrazed sites with different soil moisture. We built an individual-based model assessing the demographic consequences of inbreeding depression in populations with different management and habitat. Today this plant has to cop ...
DISPERSAL LIMITATION, INVASION RESISTANCE, AND THE
... gional coexistence depends on an interspecific tradeoff between the ability to compete for resources and to disperse (Levins and Culver 1971, Tilman 1994). Because there is no reason to suspect that such a tradeoff exists in zooplankton, I predicted that zooplankton diversity and biomass would be gr ...
... gional coexistence depends on an interspecific tradeoff between the ability to compete for resources and to disperse (Levins and Culver 1971, Tilman 1994). Because there is no reason to suspect that such a tradeoff exists in zooplankton, I predicted that zooplankton diversity and biomass would be gr ...
The spatial scaling of habitat selection by African elephants
... avoid a mismatch between the scale(s) used for analyses, and the one(s) at which habitat selection occurs (Wheatley & Johnson 2009; De Knegt et al. 2010). If different components of scale (resolution, extent or range) are changed simultaneously, one cannot decouple the importance of each if patterns ...
... avoid a mismatch between the scale(s) used for analyses, and the one(s) at which habitat selection occurs (Wheatley & Johnson 2009; De Knegt et al. 2010). If different components of scale (resolution, extent or range) are changed simultaneously, one cannot decouple the importance of each if patterns ...
DIVERSITY OF A NORTHERN ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY
... Notes: The methods are broken down into two large groups: samples processed in the lab and those where measurements were taken in the field. The total count does not equal the number of published studies included, as some studies use more than one method. Field studies commonly used two methods to d ...
... Notes: The methods are broken down into two large groups: samples processed in the lab and those where measurements were taken in the field. The total count does not equal the number of published studies included, as some studies use more than one method. Field studies commonly used two methods to d ...
Species diversity, invasion success, and ecosystem functioning
... 1977). In seasonal environments, where conditions change predictably, each species thus may have a temporal or seasonal niche. These seasonal niches appear to provide the basis for complementary effects of species on resource use and invasion resistance (Fig. 1B; Stachowicz et al. 2002a). While the ...
... 1977). In seasonal environments, where conditions change predictably, each species thus may have a temporal or seasonal niche. These seasonal niches appear to provide the basis for complementary effects of species on resource use and invasion resistance (Fig. 1B; Stachowicz et al. 2002a). While the ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.