Initial Plant Growth in Sand Mine Spoil Amended with Peat Moss
... The Great Lakes Basin exhibits the largest collection of freshwater sand dunes in the world. Sand dunes are ecologically important and support a unique assemblage of flora and fauna. Sand dunes are also economically valuable. However, when sand dunes are mined, soil quality is drastically reduced. T ...
... The Great Lakes Basin exhibits the largest collection of freshwater sand dunes in the world. Sand dunes are ecologically important and support a unique assemblage of flora and fauna. Sand dunes are also economically valuable. However, when sand dunes are mined, soil quality is drastically reduced. T ...
Aphids and their natural enemies are differently affected by habitat
... prior to and just after transect sampling because these meteorological variables are known to affect the activity of some aphid predators (Elliott et al., 1998). Sampling was carried out at cereal flowering stage from June 7th to 14th, 2007, and at milk-ripe stage between July 14th and 20th, 2007. Th ...
... prior to and just after transect sampling because these meteorological variables are known to affect the activity of some aphid predators (Elliott et al., 1998). Sampling was carried out at cereal flowering stage from June 7th to 14th, 2007, and at milk-ripe stage between July 14th and 20th, 2007. Th ...
AP Biology A: Ch 1, 52, 53 Test
... annual per capita death rate of 0.02. Calculate an estimate of the total number of individuals added to (or lost from) a population of 1000 individuals in one year. A) 120 individuals added B) 40 individuals added C) 20 individuals added C) D) 400 individuals added 31) Which of the following graphs ...
... annual per capita death rate of 0.02. Calculate an estimate of the total number of individuals added to (or lost from) a population of 1000 individuals in one year. A) 120 individuals added B) 40 individuals added C) 20 individuals added C) D) 400 individuals added 31) Which of the following graphs ...
Cooperation and conflict during the unicellular–multicellular and
... We see the formation of cooperative interactions among lower-level units as the sine qua non of evolutionary transitions, even if the groups initially form for exploitative reasons (as may have likely been the case with the origin of the first mitochondriate eukaryotic cell as we discuss below). For ...
... We see the formation of cooperative interactions among lower-level units as the sine qua non of evolutionary transitions, even if the groups initially form for exploitative reasons (as may have likely been the case with the origin of the first mitochondriate eukaryotic cell as we discuss below). For ...
ecological opportunity and phenotypic plasticity
... Key words: amphibians; biogeography; competition; competitive exclusion; local adaptation; resource polymorphism. ...
... Key words: amphibians; biogeography; competition; competitive exclusion; local adaptation; resource polymorphism. ...
Species-Specific Responses of Carnivores to Human
... by ranchers because they also prey on livestock. The conservation status of the four studied species has been categorized as “Least Concern” at both national and global level [28–32]. In this study we aimed to test the following predictions: 1) given that the populations of pumas in our study area a ...
... by ranchers because they also prey on livestock. The conservation status of the four studied species has been categorized as “Least Concern” at both national and global level [28–32]. In this study we aimed to test the following predictions: 1) given that the populations of pumas in our study area a ...
The challenge of wild nature conserving itself
... inherent in all biological systems. It’s a tough ask to get across. At its simplest, we know from experience that if we can take people to places where they can see for themselves the vitality of nature without interference, suppression, or manipulation, then it is no longer an act of faith for them ...
... inherent in all biological systems. It’s a tough ask to get across. At its simplest, we know from experience that if we can take people to places where they can see for themselves the vitality of nature without interference, suppression, or manipulation, then it is no longer an act of faith for them ...
Risktaking and the evolution of mechanisms for rapid escape from
... (0.15). The intercept did not differ significantly from zero (0.02 (SE = 0.12), t23 = 0.15, P = 0.88), and the slope did not differ from one (t23 = 0.10, P = 0.92), implying that estimates were very similar and proportional during the two seasons. We avoided pseudoreplication by only recording indiv ...
... (0.15). The intercept did not differ significantly from zero (0.02 (SE = 0.12), t23 = 0.15, P = 0.88), and the slope did not differ from one (t23 = 0.10, P = 0.92), implying that estimates were very similar and proportional during the two seasons. We avoided pseudoreplication by only recording indiv ...
Caranx hippos (Common Jack)
... REPRODUCTION. The most productive times at which Caranx hippos has been know to release its sperm and eggs is between early March and early September, with the eggs being between 0.7-0.9mm in diameter, while the hatched larvae range from 1.6-1.8mm in length (Florida Museum of Natural History, 2016). ...
... REPRODUCTION. The most productive times at which Caranx hippos has been know to release its sperm and eggs is between early March and early September, with the eggs being between 0.7-0.9mm in diameter, while the hatched larvae range from 1.6-1.8mm in length (Florida Museum of Natural History, 2016). ...
Paper - Journal of Environmental Biology
... study crustacean zooplankton disappeared and the lake returned to the dominance of ciliates and rotifers. During the studied period, phytoplankton was dominated by several species of small Chlorophyte, as Selenastrum minimum and Monoraphidium caribeum, as well as the nanophytoflagellate Chlamydomona ...
... study crustacean zooplankton disappeared and the lake returned to the dominance of ciliates and rotifers. During the studied period, phytoplankton was dominated by several species of small Chlorophyte, as Selenastrum minimum and Monoraphidium caribeum, as well as the nanophytoflagellate Chlamydomona ...
Habitat coupling in lake ecosystems
... fishes. Pelagic habitats are inhabited predominantly by planktonic organisms. Energy flow in this habitat is largely through phytoplankton and bacterial pathways. Benthic habitats of lakes are associated with bottom substrata and can be substantially heterogeneous in both vertical and horizontal dim ...
... fishes. Pelagic habitats are inhabited predominantly by planktonic organisms. Energy flow in this habitat is largely through phytoplankton and bacterial pathways. Benthic habitats of lakes are associated with bottom substrata and can be substantially heterogeneous in both vertical and horizontal dim ...
Comparative Country Study
... A species is a group of organisms that can successfully mate with each other and reproduce. Examples include the giant octopus, Atlantic salmon, Pacific tree frog, Polar Bear, or stellar jay. Remember that a species is very specific; selecting “horse” or “bear” is too broad. Do not make a hasty deci ...
... A species is a group of organisms that can successfully mate with each other and reproduce. Examples include the giant octopus, Atlantic salmon, Pacific tree frog, Polar Bear, or stellar jay. Remember that a species is very specific; selecting “horse” or “bear” is too broad. Do not make a hasty deci ...
Summary
... species in MPAs may produce an augmentation of intraspecific and interspecific competition as biomass of the populations approaches the carrying capacity of the area. The importance of taking proper account of density-dependent changes in life-history traits for stock assessment purposes was pointed ...
... species in MPAs may produce an augmentation of intraspecific and interspecific competition as biomass of the populations approaches the carrying capacity of the area. The importance of taking proper account of density-dependent changes in life-history traits for stock assessment purposes was pointed ...
Feeding electivity of Pugettia gracilis, the graceful kelp crab
... or annual (incl. Nereocystis luetkeana) species of macroalgae after 2 years. These results suggest that other factors, such as grazing by other invertebrates, may play a large role in influencing community structure in the San Juan Channel. Invertebrate herbivores have been shown to play a crucial r ...
... or annual (incl. Nereocystis luetkeana) species of macroalgae after 2 years. These results suggest that other factors, such as grazing by other invertebrates, may play a large role in influencing community structure in the San Juan Channel. Invertebrate herbivores have been shown to play a crucial r ...
Biodiversity: Who Cares
... displaced rural inhabitants onto hillside slums or into other ecologically fragile areas. The ultimate consequence is a loss in biodiversity. In fact, annual species extinction is estimated to be somewhere between 20 and 30 thousand per year, or between 50 and 80 per day. Based on these estimates, m ...
... displaced rural inhabitants onto hillside slums or into other ecologically fragile areas. The ultimate consequence is a loss in biodiversity. In fact, annual species extinction is estimated to be somewhere between 20 and 30 thousand per year, or between 50 and 80 per day. Based on these estimates, m ...
Applying Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function Theory to Turfgrass
... et al., 2006). Ecosystem stability occurs when a community can sustain a process at an average level under fluctuating environmental conditions, though species-level population fluctuations may occur. Long-term studies of a native prairie diversity gradient in Minnesota, which compared replicated pl ...
... et al., 2006). Ecosystem stability occurs when a community can sustain a process at an average level under fluctuating environmental conditions, though species-level population fluctuations may occur. Long-term studies of a native prairie diversity gradient in Minnesota, which compared replicated pl ...
the fern understory as an ecological filter
... characteristics of the seedling bank such as density, species composition, size structure, and spatial distribution. In this study we explore how the fern understory filters the seedling bank through its influence on growth and survival of established canopy-tree seedlings. Seedlings of many non-pio ...
... characteristics of the seedling bank such as density, species composition, size structure, and spatial distribution. In this study we explore how the fern understory filters the seedling bank through its influence on growth and survival of established canopy-tree seedlings. Seedlings of many non-pio ...
the state of the science: Forage Fish in the California Current
... Forage fish populations are influenced by environmental variation, natural processes, and human activities such as fishing, coastal development, and pollution. They are also subject to natural population cycles. These factors are not always well-understood and are difficult to incorporate into most ...
... Forage fish populations are influenced by environmental variation, natural processes, and human activities such as fishing, coastal development, and pollution. They are also subject to natural population cycles. These factors are not always well-understood and are difficult to incorporate into most ...
Biological stoichiometry of plant production: metabolism, scaling and
... Furthermore, we are beginning to gain a larger scale picture of how such traits are distributed in ecological communities and across broad geographic gradients (Wright et al., 2001; Westoby et al., 2002; Swenson & Enquist, 2007; Chave et al., 2009). However, we do not yet have generalizable theoreti ...
... Furthermore, we are beginning to gain a larger scale picture of how such traits are distributed in ecological communities and across broad geographic gradients (Wright et al., 2001; Westoby et al., 2002; Swenson & Enquist, 2007; Chave et al., 2009). However, we do not yet have generalizable theoreti ...
Is There a Latitudinal Gradient in the Importance of Biotic Interactions?
... A potentially powerful approach to this question is to make phylogenetically controlled comparisons between species residing at different latitudes. For example, Martin et al. (2000) measured predation rates for eight avian congeneric species pairs in Arizona and Argentina, and found higher rates in ...
... A potentially powerful approach to this question is to make phylogenetically controlled comparisons between species residing at different latitudes. For example, Martin et al. (2000) measured predation rates for eight avian congeneric species pairs in Arizona and Argentina, and found higher rates in ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.