Is There a Latitudinal Gradient in the Importance of Biotic Interactions?
... A potentially powerful approach to this question is to make phylogenetically controlled comparisons between species residing at different latitudes. For example, Martin et al. (2000) measured predation rates for eight avian congeneric species pairs in Arizona and Argentina, and found higher rates in ...
... A potentially powerful approach to this question is to make phylogenetically controlled comparisons between species residing at different latitudes. For example, Martin et al. (2000) measured predation rates for eight avian congeneric species pairs in Arizona and Argentina, and found higher rates in ...
3. Ecosystems Booklet TN
... DO NOT CREDIT disease alone, must be linked to larger squirrel population (c) species richness and evenness decrease; ora (richness) 29 → 26 (species); (evenness) large numbers of, 2/some, species, but, low numbers/none, of other species; ACCEPT they both, decrease/decline/fall or they were higher a ...
... DO NOT CREDIT disease alone, must be linked to larger squirrel population (c) species richness and evenness decrease; ora (richness) 29 → 26 (species); (evenness) large numbers of, 2/some, species, but, low numbers/none, of other species; ACCEPT they both, decrease/decline/fall or they were higher a ...
Impact of fouling organisms on mussel rope culture
... immersed first on the flood tide will deplete suspended particulate food in incoming water. Frechette et al. (1989) found a significant reduction in phytoplankton concentration in the boundary layer close to intertidal beds of blue mussels Mytilus edulis (L.), while Wildish & Kristmanson (1984) foun ...
... immersed first on the flood tide will deplete suspended particulate food in incoming water. Frechette et al. (1989) found a significant reduction in phytoplankton concentration in the boundary layer close to intertidal beds of blue mussels Mytilus edulis (L.), while Wildish & Kristmanson (1984) foun ...
Biodiversity, productivity and the temporal stability of
... is preferred to other measures of temporal stability for many reasons (cf. Lehman & Tilman 2000). For example, the information of interest can be lost when using alternative measures such as the coefficient of variation (CV = r ⁄ l), because the CV approaches zero as stability increases (Lehman & Ti ...
... is preferred to other measures of temporal stability for many reasons (cf. Lehman & Tilman 2000). For example, the information of interest can be lost when using alternative measures such as the coefficient of variation (CV = r ⁄ l), because the CV approaches zero as stability increases (Lehman & Ti ...
Lecture 4: Wilderness Ecosystems
... Sensitive management of human use to minimise disturbance of natural ecosystems – e.g. limiting use within carry capacities Understanding of basic ecology is essential “The ecosystem is the basic fundamental unit in ecology, because it includes both organisms... and abiotic environments, each in ...
... Sensitive management of human use to minimise disturbance of natural ecosystems – e.g. limiting use within carry capacities Understanding of basic ecology is essential “The ecosystem is the basic fundamental unit in ecology, because it includes both organisms... and abiotic environments, each in ...
Predation and caribou populations
... is at low densities. Caribou populations below treeline in North America are more vulnerable to wolf predation than Arctic caribou because wolf populations are maintained by a variety of prey species and the caribou do not have long-distance migrations to space themselves away from wolves. Also, oth ...
... is at low densities. Caribou populations below treeline in North America are more vulnerable to wolf predation than Arctic caribou because wolf populations are maintained by a variety of prey species and the caribou do not have long-distance migrations to space themselves away from wolves. Also, oth ...
Indirect interactions among tropical tree species through shared
... 2008). However, the distribution of feeding strategies by different species of herbivores or seed predators ranges from specialist species, to shared enemies of functional groups (as species with large seeds or with fleshy fruits) to true generalist species (rare due to the variety in plant adaptati ...
... 2008). However, the distribution of feeding strategies by different species of herbivores or seed predators ranges from specialist species, to shared enemies of functional groups (as species with large seeds or with fleshy fruits) to true generalist species (rare due to the variety in plant adaptati ...
Predicting Distribution, Habitat Suitability and the Potential Loss of
... Predictive species modeling The mapping of species’ distributions is fundamentally important for understanding biodiversity patterns and improving understanding of the appropriateness of habitat areas for individual species (Bailey and Hogg 1986, Fa and Morales 1993, Miller 1994, Teuton et al. 2000 ...
... Predictive species modeling The mapping of species’ distributions is fundamentally important for understanding biodiversity patterns and improving understanding of the appropriateness of habitat areas for individual species (Bailey and Hogg 1986, Fa and Morales 1993, Miller 1994, Teuton et al. 2000 ...
Ecosystem resistance to invasion and the role of
... land managers, we lack an understanding of what factors contribute to ecological resistance and how processes influencing resistance interact with the supply of propagules to determine invasion success. Here we present a simple conceptual framework for examining how variation in propagule supply sho ...
... land managers, we lack an understanding of what factors contribute to ecological resistance and how processes influencing resistance interact with the supply of propagules to determine invasion success. Here we present a simple conceptual framework for examining how variation in propagule supply sho ...
Applying stable isotopes to examine foodweb structure: an overview
... Stable isotope analysis has emerged as one of the primary means for examining the structure and dynamics of food webs, and numerous analytical approaches are now commonly used in the field. Techniques range from simple, qualitative inferences based on the isotopic niche, to Bayesian mixing models th ...
... Stable isotope analysis has emerged as one of the primary means for examining the structure and dynamics of food webs, and numerous analytical approaches are now commonly used in the field. Techniques range from simple, qualitative inferences based on the isotopic niche, to Bayesian mixing models th ...
PIF Handbook on Species Assessment and Prioritization
... abundance of each species in a PA/BCR (i.e., 1 reflects low abundance, 5 reflects high abundance). AI may be calculated for breeding or wintering populations. In addition, the percent of total species population (%POP) occurring in each area is included as another measure of stewardship responsibil ...
... abundance of each species in a PA/BCR (i.e., 1 reflects low abundance, 5 reflects high abundance). AI may be calculated for breeding or wintering populations. In addition, the percent of total species population (%POP) occurring in each area is included as another measure of stewardship responsibil ...
Competition and evolution in virtual plant communities: a new
... has become an important research field since it is more and more related to economic issues in agriculture and forestry as well as to the protection of the environment. Modeling is a fundamental tool for the comprehension of complex systems such as ecosystems. Models are simplified images of the rea ...
... has become an important research field since it is more and more related to economic issues in agriculture and forestry as well as to the protection of the environment. Modeling is a fundamental tool for the comprehension of complex systems such as ecosystems. Models are simplified images of the rea ...
Influence of diet on copepod survival in the laboratory
... elongatus was measured in relation to the concentration of different algae as a food source. Female copepods were fed either good-quality food (Rhodomonas sp.) or nutritionally poor food (Dunaliella sp., Amphidinium sp., Chrysochromulina polylepis and Synechococcus sp.) in high (> 300 µg C l–1) or l ...
... elongatus was measured in relation to the concentration of different algae as a food source. Female copepods were fed either good-quality food (Rhodomonas sp.) or nutritionally poor food (Dunaliella sp., Amphidinium sp., Chrysochromulina polylepis and Synechococcus sp.) in high (> 300 µg C l–1) or l ...
Predator Control as a Tool in Wildlife Management
... predation can significantly threaten wildlife populations. means that it plays a disproportionate role in the ecosysIn this publication we review the effects of predation on tem. If it is removed, other species will be affected. A predgame animals—deer, wild turkey, quail, pronghorn anteator may aff ...
... predation can significantly threaten wildlife populations. means that it plays a disproportionate role in the ecosysIn this publication we review the effects of predation on tem. If it is removed, other species will be affected. A predgame animals—deer, wild turkey, quail, pronghorn anteator may aff ...
Costs and benefits of biological control of invasive alien
... founder colony becomes established, and increases rapidly as the colony expands and starts new colonies, decreasing again as the potential habitat (invadable area) becomes fully occupied. The logistic model represents this process, and we used it in a discrete form with annual time steps as follows: ...
... founder colony becomes established, and increases rapidly as the colony expands and starts new colonies, decreasing again as the potential habitat (invadable area) becomes fully occupied. The logistic model represents this process, and we used it in a discrete form with annual time steps as follows: ...
Comparison of the effects of artificial and natural barriers on large
... Abstract: Physical barriers contribute to habitat fragmentation, influence species distribution and ranging behaviour, and impact long-term population viability. Barrier permeability varies among species and can potentially impact the competitive balance within animal communities by differentially a ...
... Abstract: Physical barriers contribute to habitat fragmentation, influence species distribution and ranging behaviour, and impact long-term population viability. Barrier permeability varies among species and can potentially impact the competitive balance within animal communities by differentially a ...
the ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity
... trait, such as total community biomass, communities that are more diverse must have greater temporal stability. If total community abundance is independent of diversity, the diversity–stability hypothesis requires that the summed variances and/or summed covariances decline as diversity increases. Th ...
... trait, such as total community biomass, communities that are more diverse must have greater temporal stability. If total community abundance is independent of diversity, the diversity–stability hypothesis requires that the summed variances and/or summed covariances decline as diversity increases. Th ...
Biomass and Habitat Partitioning of Desmognathus on Wet Rock
... feature but is the result of road construction. The rock wall is approximately 2.25 m in height and 25 m in length, of which the first 15 m were studied (the last 10 m of the rock face remained dry throughout the study period and no animals were encountered). Water flowed down from the top of the ro ...
... feature but is the result of road construction. The rock wall is approximately 2.25 m in height and 25 m in length, of which the first 15 m were studied (the last 10 m of the rock face remained dry throughout the study period and no animals were encountered). Water flowed down from the top of the ro ...
Connectivity at the Land-Water Interface
... addressed later. Known examples mainly involve fluxes of energy, organisms, or materials, but there are also fluxes of information that create connectivity. For example, as described above, prey in one habitat may alter their behavior due to perceived predation risk in an adjoining habitat (Crowder ...
... addressed later. Known examples mainly involve fluxes of energy, organisms, or materials, but there are also fluxes of information that create connectivity. For example, as described above, prey in one habitat may alter their behavior due to perceived predation risk in an adjoining habitat (Crowder ...
size-selective harvesting alters life histories of a temperate sex
... sex ratio. When a population contains few individuals of the secondary sex or has a sex ratio skewed severely from its optimum, sex change can occur at smaller sizes and younger ages. Because fisheries often target the largest individuals in a population (which are predominately one sex for sequentia ...
... sex ratio. When a population contains few individuals of the secondary sex or has a sex ratio skewed severely from its optimum, sex change can occur at smaller sizes and younger ages. Because fisheries often target the largest individuals in a population (which are predominately one sex for sequentia ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.