Species diversity, invasion success, and ecosystem functioning
... 1977). In seasonal environments, where conditions change predictably, each species thus may have a temporal or seasonal niche. These seasonal niches appear to provide the basis for complementary effects of species on resource use and invasion resistance (Fig. 1B; Stachowicz et al. 2002a). While the ...
... 1977). In seasonal environments, where conditions change predictably, each species thus may have a temporal or seasonal niche. These seasonal niches appear to provide the basis for complementary effects of species on resource use and invasion resistance (Fig. 1B; Stachowicz et al. 2002a). While the ...
How Foraging Behaviour and Resource Partitioning Can
... (Possingham 1992; Rodríguez-Gironés 2006 and other models that will be discussed later) therefore operates at the ecological time scale, as individual foragers compare available options and decide to forage on the most profitable ones. But these ecological processes have important evolutionary conse ...
... (Possingham 1992; Rodríguez-Gironés 2006 and other models that will be discussed later) therefore operates at the ecological time scale, as individual foragers compare available options and decide to forage on the most profitable ones. But these ecological processes have important evolutionary conse ...
Chapter 17 Origin of Species
... • Agamospecies: a set of organisms in which sexual reproduction does not occur, represented typically as a collection of clones • Chronospecies / Paleospecies*: a set of extinct organisms which changes in morphology, genetics, and/or ecology over time on an evolutionary scale such that the originati ...
... • Agamospecies: a set of organisms in which sexual reproduction does not occur, represented typically as a collection of clones • Chronospecies / Paleospecies*: a set of extinct organisms which changes in morphology, genetics, and/or ecology over time on an evolutionary scale such that the originati ...
Status of the Nemertea as predators in marine ecosystems
... The ecology of nemertean predators in marine ecosystems is reviewed. Nemerteans occur in most marine environments although usually in low abundances. Some species, particularly in intertidal habitats, may reach locally high densities. During specific time periods appropriate for hunting, nemerteans ...
... The ecology of nemertean predators in marine ecosystems is reviewed. Nemerteans occur in most marine environments although usually in low abundances. Some species, particularly in intertidal habitats, may reach locally high densities. During specific time periods appropriate for hunting, nemerteans ...
Dendrogyra cylindrus (Pillar Coral)
... REPRODUCTION. Dendrogyra cylindrus can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexual reproduction takes place by the process of fragmentation. It occurs when pillar colonies topple, due to bioerosion occurring at the base of the pillar. When the threshold of erosion is reached, the pillar topples h ...
... REPRODUCTION. Dendrogyra cylindrus can reproduce both sexually and asexually. Asexual reproduction takes place by the process of fragmentation. It occurs when pillar colonies topple, due to bioerosion occurring at the base of the pillar. When the threshold of erosion is reached, the pillar topples h ...
Chapter 7: Ecological Life Histories
... interval. Each element is termed aij; these values are whole numbers in terms of fecundity, and range from 0 to 1 in the remainder of the matrix. A variety of population measures can be derived from A (Caswell 1989). The most important of these is lambda (l), the population growth rate or the change ...
... interval. Each element is termed aij; these values are whole numbers in terms of fecundity, and range from 0 to 1 in the remainder of the matrix. A variety of population measures can be derived from A (Caswell 1989). The most important of these is lambda (l), the population growth rate or the change ...
The role of climate in limiting European resident bird populations
... distribution and abundance of species is acknowledged to be potentially important but rarely affecting in isolation from biotic factors, such as competition and predation (Brown & Lomolino, 1998). However, the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors may vary among environments. Dobzhansky ...
... distribution and abundance of species is acknowledged to be potentially important but rarely affecting in isolation from biotic factors, such as competition and predation (Brown & Lomolino, 1998). However, the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors may vary among environments. Dobzhansky ...
Chapter 1. Threats to freshwater biodiversity globally and in
... Deficient’ (DD: species for which there are insufficient data to allow an accurate assessment of their conservation status; such species may be either threatened or not) are also assumed to be threatened (IUCN 2010). Similarly, the range of threat to crayfish and odonates is 25–46% and 9–40%, respec ...
... Deficient’ (DD: species for which there are insufficient data to allow an accurate assessment of their conservation status; such species may be either threatened or not) are also assumed to be threatened (IUCN 2010). Similarly, the range of threat to crayfish and odonates is 25–46% and 9–40%, respec ...
Conceptual Ecological Modelling of Shallow Sublittoral Sand
... which represent shallow sublittoral sand habitats in the UK. CEMs are diagrammatic representations of the influences and processes which occur within an ecosystem. They can be used to identify critical aspects of an ecosystem which may be taken forward for further study, or serve as the basis for th ...
... which represent shallow sublittoral sand habitats in the UK. CEMs are diagrammatic representations of the influences and processes which occur within an ecosystem. They can be used to identify critical aspects of an ecosystem which may be taken forward for further study, or serve as the basis for th ...
Heathlands confronting global change: drivers of biodiversity loss
... in the traditional European landscape, with a widely recognized strong cultural and natural value. Heathlands add substantially to many ecosystem services, such as food and water supply, carbon sequestration, recreation, hunting, landscape and biodiversity conservation (Webb, 1998; Alonso et al., 20 ...
... in the traditional European landscape, with a widely recognized strong cultural and natural value. Heathlands add substantially to many ecosystem services, such as food and water supply, carbon sequestration, recreation, hunting, landscape and biodiversity conservation (Webb, 1998; Alonso et al., 20 ...
Olden et al. 2011 rusties
... help guide resource allocation and prioritize management activities (Ricciardi and Rasmussen 1998, Vander Zanden and Olden 2008). Our ability to confront this challenge may be enhanced if the invasion process is considered as a stepwise progression of events in which individuals of some species are ...
... help guide resource allocation and prioritize management activities (Ricciardi and Rasmussen 1998, Vander Zanden and Olden 2008). Our ability to confront this challenge may be enhanced if the invasion process is considered as a stepwise progression of events in which individuals of some species are ...
successional mechanism varies along a gradient in hydrothermal
... intervals (as in Ambrose 1984), we reasoned that faunal changes at vents are driven by one or more of the following processes: 1) Inhibition. The initial invertebrate colonists interact with later arrivals in a way that deters subsequent colonization. Under these conditions, we expect that colonists ...
... intervals (as in Ambrose 1984), we reasoned that faunal changes at vents are driven by one or more of the following processes: 1) Inhibition. The initial invertebrate colonists interact with later arrivals in a way that deters subsequent colonization. Under these conditions, we expect that colonists ...
Darcy Taniguchi, Ph.D. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
... trips to ecosystems around San Diego, California, and interactive assignments, laboratory exercises, and lectures about fundamental ecological concepts NSF GK12 fellow and high school guest instructor, Mission Bay High School Developed and taught interactive lessons based on my research and catered ...
... trips to ecosystems around San Diego, California, and interactive assignments, laboratory exercises, and lectures about fundamental ecological concepts NSF GK12 fellow and high school guest instructor, Mission Bay High School Developed and taught interactive lessons based on my research and catered ...
PPT - OptiRisk Systems
... Quality of solutions improve with larger scenario sets (as expected!) ...
... Quality of solutions improve with larger scenario sets (as expected!) ...
Unit 12 Insect Pest Management
... like a wasp that is a parasitoid. The wasp only lays a single egg in the ...
... like a wasp that is a parasitoid. The wasp only lays a single egg in the ...
Species` Distribution Modeling for Conservation Educators and
... work, what types of questions they are suitable for addressing, and how model output should be interpreted. Geographical versus environmental space We are used to thinking about the occurrence of species in geographical space; that is, the species’ distribution as plotted on a map. To understand spe ...
... work, what types of questions they are suitable for addressing, and how model output should be interpreted. Geographical versus environmental space We are used to thinking about the occurrence of species in geographical space; that is, the species’ distribution as plotted on a map. To understand spe ...
Mathematical Formalisms in Scientific Practice: From Denotation to
... because it could hardly ever be met (except in the most simplistic and uninteresting cases), but also because many phenomena for example in thermodynamics are quite robust with respect to minor variations (e.g., among microstates). Some degree of idealisation and approximation is thus entirely l ...
... because it could hardly ever be met (except in the most simplistic and uninteresting cases), but also because many phenomena for example in thermodynamics are quite robust with respect to minor variations (e.g., among microstates). Some degree of idealisation and approximation is thus entirely l ...
Ecosystem engineering and biodiversity in coastal sediments
... 3 years; ISI web of knowledge). One important aspect of these studies is aimed at unravelling the role of single species that are capable to mediate the environment for the entire biological community. Already, at the dawning of modern ecology, the term “EdiWcator” (Latin: aediWcator— constructor, b ...
... 3 years; ISI web of knowledge). One important aspect of these studies is aimed at unravelling the role of single species that are capable to mediate the environment for the entire biological community. Already, at the dawning of modern ecology, the term “EdiWcator” (Latin: aediWcator— constructor, b ...
Causes and Consequences of Thermal Tolerance Limits in Rocky
... The marine intertidal zone is formed within the transition from land to sea, and accordingly organisms that live within this zone are exposed to marine conditions during high tide and terrestrial conditions during low tide. Organisms living in the intertidal zone experience a suite of physical stres ...
... The marine intertidal zone is formed within the transition from land to sea, and accordingly organisms that live within this zone are exposed to marine conditions during high tide and terrestrial conditions during low tide. Organisms living in the intertidal zone experience a suite of physical stres ...
American Burying Beetle Nicrophorus americanus
... The species is not migratory, and its movements are limited. However, it does range more widely than its smaller congeners (i.e., species of the same genus), and likely across more habitat types. Adults begin their seasonal activities when the temperature exceeds 15°C. They are crepuscular and noctu ...
... The species is not migratory, and its movements are limited. However, it does range more widely than its smaller congeners (i.e., species of the same genus), and likely across more habitat types. Adults begin their seasonal activities when the temperature exceeds 15°C. They are crepuscular and noctu ...
Consumers Control Diversity and Functioning of a Natural Marine
... examined aspects of this relationship. Selective grazing on algal functional groups affects the evenness of tide pool algae [37], and the presence or absence of different grazer guilds can drive variation in the dominant functional groups of seaweeds, with strong consequences for biomass-specific pr ...
... examined aspects of this relationship. Selective grazing on algal functional groups affects the evenness of tide pool algae [37], and the presence or absence of different grazer guilds can drive variation in the dominant functional groups of seaweeds, with strong consequences for biomass-specific pr ...
Adaptation to climate change - Proceedings of the Royal Society B
... studying adaptive physiological trait variations across existing spatial climate gradients. Many ectotherms, particularly fish, have evolved increasing genetic growth capacities with latitude (i.e. countergradient variation (CnGV) in growth), which are thought to be an adaptation primarily to strong ...
... studying adaptive physiological trait variations across existing spatial climate gradients. Many ectotherms, particularly fish, have evolved increasing genetic growth capacities with latitude (i.e. countergradient variation (CnGV) in growth), which are thought to be an adaptation primarily to strong ...
Prey detection of aquatic predators: Assessing the identity of
... extract chemicals from water samples. These cartridges are appropriate for characterizing unknown compounds since they retain at high capacity both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. We followed the protocol for SPE extraction of neutral compounds described by Miao and Metcalfe (2003). Briefly, ca ...
... extract chemicals from water samples. These cartridges are appropriate for characterizing unknown compounds since they retain at high capacity both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. We followed the protocol for SPE extraction of neutral compounds described by Miao and Metcalfe (2003). Briefly, ca ...
Predator/prey relationships among terrestrial vertebrates: an
... diversity and relative species abundances of the predator trophic level. With this conceptual framework we review the available information about predator/prey relationships among South American terrestrial vertebrates, as dichotomized into two major topics: effects of predators upon their prey, and ...
... diversity and relative species abundances of the predator trophic level. With this conceptual framework we review the available information about predator/prey relationships among South American terrestrial vertebrates, as dichotomized into two major topics: effects of predators upon their prey, and ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.