BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES OF WETLANDS
... BioDiversity organised by the National Research Council of the USA (Wilson 1988). This shortened form soon became popular among researchers and policy makers. In principle, the term includes any kind of variation at any level of biological organization from genes through populations, species and com ...
... BioDiversity organised by the National Research Council of the USA (Wilson 1988). This shortened form soon became popular among researchers and policy makers. In principle, the term includes any kind of variation at any level of biological organization from genes through populations, species and com ...
the state of the science: Forage Fish in the California Current
... Forage fish populations are influenced by environmental variation, natural processes, and human activities such as fishing, coastal development, and pollution. They are also subject to natural population cycles. These factors are not always well-understood and are difficult to incorporate into most ...
... Forage fish populations are influenced by environmental variation, natural processes, and human activities such as fishing, coastal development, and pollution. They are also subject to natural population cycles. These factors are not always well-understood and are difficult to incorporate into most ...
Patterns and Consequences of Interspecific Competition
... number of different target and neighbor species or groups, the type of any additional treatments that were performed (e.g., herbivore protection, resource additions), and the types and outcomes of statistical comparisons of treatments (see Apps. A and B). Throughout the presentation of the results, ...
... number of different target and neighbor species or groups, the type of any additional treatments that were performed (e.g., herbivore protection, resource additions), and the types and outcomes of statistical comparisons of treatments (see Apps. A and B). Throughout the presentation of the results, ...
Tropical Marine Biology Productivity and the Coral Symbiosis
... – now dozens of different algal taxa – zooxanthellae found in closely related coral species not necessarily closely related themselves – zooxanthellae found in distantly related coral species may, in fact, be closely related – may have multiple species in same coral ...
... – now dozens of different algal taxa – zooxanthellae found in closely related coral species not necessarily closely related themselves – zooxanthellae found in distantly related coral species may, in fact, be closely related – may have multiple species in same coral ...
Species diversity: from global decreases to local
... diversity to decrease dramatically in the years ahead, likening these reductions to the mass extinction events that occurred in past geological eras [1– 4]. Some projections estimate that more than half of current species could become extinct as a consequence of current patterns in global change [2] ...
... diversity to decrease dramatically in the years ahead, likening these reductions to the mass extinction events that occurred in past geological eras [1– 4]. Some projections estimate that more than half of current species could become extinct as a consequence of current patterns in global change [2] ...
Waterfalls drive parallel evolution in a freshwater goby
... ª 2012 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and ...
... ª 2012 The Authors. Ecology and Evolution published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and ...
3 Rodents and lagomorphs 3.9.07 - Hystrix, the Italian Journal of
... ICETA/Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairao, Portugal The relationship between genetic diversity and parasites has been often studied, but there are few that report natural populations and multiple pathogen systems. Parasite resistance is expected to be higher in genetical ...
... ICETA/Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairao, Portugal The relationship between genetic diversity and parasites has been often studied, but there are few that report natural populations and multiple pathogen systems. Parasite resistance is expected to be higher in genetical ...
Soil nematode assemblages indicate the potential for
... resource-restricted) predators are likely to be more suppressive than patches with abundant available prey and satiated predators. In that case, suppression is not only a function of predator abundance but also the availability of resident prey per predator. As a caveat to the experimental bioassay ...
... resource-restricted) predators are likely to be more suppressive than patches with abundant available prey and satiated predators. In that case, suppression is not only a function of predator abundance but also the availability of resident prey per predator. As a caveat to the experimental bioassay ...
Ch 54 Notes - Dublin City Schools
... parasite, derives nourishment from another organism, its host, which is harmed in the process • Parasites that live within the body of their host are called endoparasites; parasites that live on the external surface of a host are ectoparasites • Many parasites have a complex life cycle involving a n ...
... parasite, derives nourishment from another organism, its host, which is harmed in the process • Parasites that live within the body of their host are called endoparasites; parasites that live on the external surface of a host are ectoparasites • Many parasites have a complex life cycle involving a n ...
Behaviour of a social ant-like spider
... 2007). Generally, the conspecific displayed back briefly, and then the two spiders moved apart. When Crematogaster came near, M. melanotarsa usually oriented without displaying. If the ant approached, M. melanotarsa usually moved away, but sometimes M. melanotarsa males displayed for a few seconds i ...
... 2007). Generally, the conspecific displayed back briefly, and then the two spiders moved apart. When Crematogaster came near, M. melanotarsa usually oriented without displaying. If the ant approached, M. melanotarsa usually moved away, but sometimes M. melanotarsa males displayed for a few seconds i ...
Biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research in Chinese subtropical
... there are strong and significant effects of planted tree diversity on multiple ecosystem functions including increased total leaf area (Peng et al. 2017), increased fine-root production (Sun et al. 2017), between-species belowground complementarity (Bu et al. 2017) and reduced insect visits to tre ...
... there are strong and significant effects of planted tree diversity on multiple ecosystem functions including increased total leaf area (Peng et al. 2017), increased fine-root production (Sun et al. 2017), between-species belowground complementarity (Bu et al. 2017) and reduced insect visits to tre ...
Singita Sabi Sand Wildlife Report June 2015
... animals from negative human affects, fence all of the animals in together, forcing cheetahs to compete with these larger predators. ...
... animals from negative human affects, fence all of the animals in together, forcing cheetahs to compete with these larger predators. ...
Phylogenetic and functional characteristics of household yard floras
... as urban areas, anthropogenic effects add to these drivers of community assembly (Donoghue 2008) or manipulate them, for example, by anthropogenic selection of species or the creation of novel habitats, such as yards (Kowarik 2011). In this context, it becomes clear that by global change ‘‘we are ra ...
... as urban areas, anthropogenic effects add to these drivers of community assembly (Donoghue 2008) or manipulate them, for example, by anthropogenic selection of species or the creation of novel habitats, such as yards (Kowarik 2011). In this context, it becomes clear that by global change ‘‘we are ra ...
Insect population dynamics meets ecosystem ecology: effects of
... in¯uence root exudates or interactions between roots and their symbionts (Bardgett et al., 1998; Hunter, 2001), both of which are known to in¯uence nutrient dynamics. Finally, herbivores can in¯uence the structure of plant canopies and the cover that they provide, with concomitant changes in light a ...
... in¯uence root exudates or interactions between roots and their symbionts (Bardgett et al., 1998; Hunter, 2001), both of which are known to in¯uence nutrient dynamics. Finally, herbivores can in¯uence the structure of plant canopies and the cover that they provide, with concomitant changes in light a ...
Lion-tailed macaque interactions with non-primates
... primate–non-primate interactions are mainly with other mammals and birds, and usually the non-primates are attracted to the primates than the other way around3. It is stipulated that the chances of such commensal interactions are high in Asia, Africa and the neotropics, as primates in these regions ...
... primate–non-primate interactions are mainly with other mammals and birds, and usually the non-primates are attracted to the primates than the other way around3. It is stipulated that the chances of such commensal interactions are high in Asia, Africa and the neotropics, as primates in these regions ...
Esquimalt Lagoon -Terrestrial Ecology 2013
... work and this will be discussed in the coming pages. As indicated by table 1 in the appendix there are several invasive plant species in the dune ecosystems of Esquimalt Lagoon. Invasive species are a problem because they can create dense monocultures that take over the space and out compete native ...
... work and this will be discussed in the coming pages. As indicated by table 1 in the appendix there are several invasive plant species in the dune ecosystems of Esquimalt Lagoon. Invasive species are a problem because they can create dense monocultures that take over the space and out compete native ...
Ecological roles and conservation challenges of social, burrowing
... The world’s grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and important habitats for many other species, thereby increasing biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity across ...
... The world’s grassland ecosystems are shaped in part by a key functional group of social, burrowing, herbivorous mammals. Through herbivory and ecosystem engineering they create distinctive and important habitats for many other species, thereby increasing biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity across ...
46-52. Full article - Entomologica Fennica
... Constrained ordinations roughly correspond to regressions, where both explanatory and response variables are multivariate (although a weighted average is used instead of least squares in CCA). The CCA method is based on the assumption that species abundances have unimodal responses along the studied ...
... Constrained ordinations roughly correspond to regressions, where both explanatory and response variables are multivariate (although a weighted average is used instead of least squares in CCA). The CCA method is based on the assumption that species abundances have unimodal responses along the studied ...
3. Ecosystems Booklet TN
... DO NOT CREDIT disease alone, must be linked to larger squirrel population (c) species richness and evenness decrease; ora (richness) 29 → 26 (species); (evenness) large numbers of, 2/some, species, but, low numbers/none, of other species; ACCEPT they both, decrease/decline/fall or they were higher a ...
... DO NOT CREDIT disease alone, must be linked to larger squirrel population (c) species richness and evenness decrease; ora (richness) 29 → 26 (species); (evenness) large numbers of, 2/some, species, but, low numbers/none, of other species; ACCEPT they both, decrease/decline/fall or they were higher a ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.