Teach Ecological Concepts With Mud Dauber Nests
... Mud dauber nests are familiar sights on the walls of barns and other buildings and under bridges. These nests house not only the grub-like larvae their builders intended, but also a fascinating assemblage of other seldom-seen organisms. Because they are readily available, harmless, and -- like owl p ...
... Mud dauber nests are familiar sights on the walls of barns and other buildings and under bridges. These nests house not only the grub-like larvae their builders intended, but also a fascinating assemblage of other seldom-seen organisms. Because they are readily available, harmless, and -- like owl p ...
Comparison of snail density, standing stock, and body size between
... data at multiple spatial and temporal scales within and between ecosystems. Data reported within ecosystems (multiple plots or sites or multiple events) were averaged across space (plots then sites) and then time (years then months). We aggregated data on multiple species separately within ecosystem ...
... data at multiple spatial and temporal scales within and between ecosystems. Data reported within ecosystems (multiple plots or sites or multiple events) were averaged across space (plots then sites) and then time (years then months). We aggregated data on multiple species separately within ecosystem ...
j.0022-1112.2005.00934.x.doc
... total CPUE (all fishes). Depth measurements were converted to 5 semi-quantitative categories for the analyses (<20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50 and >50 cm). This enabled the analysis of the role of depth in the variation of CPUE and fish size without assuming linear relationships, as would have been the ca ...
... total CPUE (all fishes). Depth measurements were converted to 5 semi-quantitative categories for the analyses (<20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50 and >50 cm). This enabled the analysis of the role of depth in the variation of CPUE and fish size without assuming linear relationships, as would have been the ca ...
abiotic vs. biotic influences on habitat selection
... coexisting species. Global climate change impacts have been considered largely in terms of simple distributional shifts, but these results indicate that shifts can also increase biotic costs when species move into habitat types for which they are poorly adapted or that create new biotic interactions ...
... coexisting species. Global climate change impacts have been considered largely in terms of simple distributional shifts, but these results indicate that shifts can also increase biotic costs when species move into habitat types for which they are poorly adapted or that create new biotic interactions ...
Natural Selection in the Microbial World
... under different circumstances tends to restrict their natural distribution to regions where the requisite conditions are met. Even though the physiological and biochemical events that govern flower- and fruit-formation may not be understood as yet, the results mentioned indicate the direction in whi ...
... under different circumstances tends to restrict their natural distribution to regions where the requisite conditions are met. Even though the physiological and biochemical events that govern flower- and fruit-formation may not be understood as yet, the results mentioned indicate the direction in whi ...
Observed Instances of Speciation
... defines a monophyletic group as a group of organisms that are more closely related to each other than to any other organisms. These distinctions are discussed in Baum 1992 and de Queiroz and Donoghue 1990. A recently offered hypothesis suggests that phylogenetic species concepts and the biological s ...
... defines a monophyletic group as a group of organisms that are more closely related to each other than to any other organisms. These distinctions are discussed in Baum 1992 and de Queiroz and Donoghue 1990. A recently offered hypothesis suggests that phylogenetic species concepts and the biological s ...
The habitat of Salpa fusiformis in the California current a
... patterns of diatom asscmblages in the California Current are poorly known. Two quantitative surveys provide some information about the magnitude of variation in species composition, although they do not report on most of the diatom species commonly found in stomachs of S. fusiformis. Allen ( 1921) p ...
... patterns of diatom asscmblages in the California Current are poorly known. Two quantitative surveys provide some information about the magnitude of variation in species composition, although they do not report on most of the diatom species commonly found in stomachs of S. fusiformis. Allen ( 1921) p ...
Introduction to ecology and env
... new energy is being captured and introduced into the system, the modifiers gross and net are not very appropriate and are not usually used. Subodh Sharma Dr.nat.tech.; Aquatic Ecology Centre, P.O. Box: 6250, [email protected]. ...
... new energy is being captured and introduced into the system, the modifiers gross and net are not very appropriate and are not usually used. Subodh Sharma Dr.nat.tech.; Aquatic Ecology Centre, P.O. Box: 6250, [email protected]. ...
pdf file
... and other anti-herbivore defences, predators and parasitoids associated with each plant species may exercise ‘top–down’ control. Specialized herbivores appear to be less susceptible to predators in tropical forests (Dyer 1995), but tend to suffer higher parasitism rates (Gentry & Dyer 2002). Interpr ...
... and other anti-herbivore defences, predators and parasitoids associated with each plant species may exercise ‘top–down’ control. Specialized herbivores appear to be less susceptible to predators in tropical forests (Dyer 1995), but tend to suffer higher parasitism rates (Gentry & Dyer 2002). Interpr ...
SIZE RATIOS
... resource spectrum will no longer be favored by selection (Gotelli and Bossert 1991) or promoted by extinction of overlapping species (Turelli 1978b). More importantly, if the system has not reached an equilibrium, then species composition will change through time, and the derived morphological "patt ...
... resource spectrum will no longer be favored by selection (Gotelli and Bossert 1991) or promoted by extinction of overlapping species (Turelli 1978b). More importantly, if the system has not reached an equilibrium, then species composition will change through time, and the derived morphological "patt ...
the role of ecological culture as an indicator of sustainable
... this case ethics, rich ecological sense, does not remain wishful thinking and will bring the emergence of a new ecological society. An ecological ethics is increasingly important for humanity as a separate and distinct element of the spiritual culture of each individual. Without adherence to ecologi ...
... this case ethics, rich ecological sense, does not remain wishful thinking and will bring the emergence of a new ecological society. An ecological ethics is increasingly important for humanity as a separate and distinct element of the spiritual culture of each individual. Without adherence to ecologi ...
Seasonal dietary differences of the Yellow
... Herrera, Punta, & Yorio, 2005). To verify that pellets belonged to the Yellow-footed Gull, we used direct observation of regurgitations (Flores-Martínez, pers. obs.), collected the pellets, and used them to compare all subsequent pellets collected along the transect. Yellow-footed Gull pellets have ...
... Herrera, Punta, & Yorio, 2005). To verify that pellets belonged to the Yellow-footed Gull, we used direct observation of regurgitations (Flores-Martínez, pers. obs.), collected the pellets, and used them to compare all subsequent pellets collected along the transect. Yellow-footed Gull pellets have ...
parasite
... they would be destroyed. The proteins on the knobs vary greatly from one parasite to the next, making it very difficult for the human immune system to detect them. ...
... they would be destroyed. The proteins on the knobs vary greatly from one parasite to the next, making it very difficult for the human immune system to detect them. ...
Use of precise spatial data for describing spatial patterns and plant
... hypotheses on the spatial pattern itself can be statistically tested and can help to approach an understanding of the underlying processes. For example, Fajardo and McIntire (2007) analyzed spatial patterns of forest growth to evaluate multiple competing hypotheses regarding the importance of compet ...
... hypotheses on the spatial pattern itself can be statistically tested and can help to approach an understanding of the underlying processes. For example, Fajardo and McIntire (2007) analyzed spatial patterns of forest growth to evaluate multiple competing hypotheses regarding the importance of compet ...
Ostoja, SM, EW Schupp, S. Durham, and R. Klinger. 2013. Seed
... maguirei. Plant Species Biology 28: 101-108. Ostoja, S.M., E.W. Schupp, and R. Klinger. 2013. Seed harvesting by a generalist consumer is context dependent: Interactive effects across multiple spatial scales. Oikos 122: 563-574. Pekas, K.M. and E.W. Schupp. 2013. Influence of aboveground vegetation ...
... maguirei. Plant Species Biology 28: 101-108. Ostoja, S.M., E.W. Schupp, and R. Klinger. 2013. Seed harvesting by a generalist consumer is context dependent: Interactive effects across multiple spatial scales. Oikos 122: 563-574. Pekas, K.M. and E.W. Schupp. 2013. Influence of aboveground vegetation ...
spillover and species interactions across habitat edges between
... spillover alters trophic interactions in the recipient habitat. The study of trophic interactions at a community level requires understanding of both direct and indirect interactions. However, community-level indirect interactions are generally difficult to predict and measure, and these have theref ...
... spillover alters trophic interactions in the recipient habitat. The study of trophic interactions at a community level requires understanding of both direct and indirect interactions. However, community-level indirect interactions are generally difficult to predict and measure, and these have theref ...
Beetles
... Birth rates are constant among all beetles, while realistically, beetles who are living in a pond with predators have much lower fitness. ...
... Birth rates are constant among all beetles, while realistically, beetles who are living in a pond with predators have much lower fitness. ...
The phenology of growth and reproduction in plants
... recording at the same site. Phenological studies need long-term planning and funding, and so do not lend themselves to the short-term requirements of thesis projects, grant cycles, and the priorities of awarding bodies. Nevertheless some excellent long-term studies have been published (e.g. Norton & ...
... recording at the same site. Phenological studies need long-term planning and funding, and so do not lend themselves to the short-term requirements of thesis projects, grant cycles, and the priorities of awarding bodies. Nevertheless some excellent long-term studies have been published (e.g. Norton & ...
Terrestrial Biomes Self-Quiz
... sources. Can be categorized as oligotrophic, mesotrophic, or eutrophic depending on nutrients. i __________ 10. These areas can change dramatically from its source to its final destination. Organisms very dependent on oxygen levels and flow rates. n __________ 11. Very small plants with mat like gro ...
... sources. Can be categorized as oligotrophic, mesotrophic, or eutrophic depending on nutrients. i __________ 10. These areas can change dramatically from its source to its final destination. Organisms very dependent on oxygen levels and flow rates. n __________ 11. Very small plants with mat like gro ...
Vol. 127, No. 3 The American Naturalist March 1986 SPECIES
... quadramaculatus, the most aquatic and largest species; D. monticola, a streambank species sometimes found in the forest; and D. ochrophaeus, the smallest and most terrestrial of the three. In some areas, a fourth species, more terrestrial than D. ochrophaeus, is found. This is either D. wrighti, fou ...
... quadramaculatus, the most aquatic and largest species; D. monticola, a streambank species sometimes found in the forest; and D. ochrophaeus, the smallest and most terrestrial of the three. In some areas, a fourth species, more terrestrial than D. ochrophaeus, is found. This is either D. wrighti, fou ...
DOC - Teaching Issues and Experiments in Ecology
... Predation involves four steps: search, recognition, capture, and handling. The possibility of coevolution of predator and prey operates at each of these steps. Predators search the environment for acceptable prey. Predator adaptations to improve foraging success include better visual acuity, develop ...
... Predation involves four steps: search, recognition, capture, and handling. The possibility of coevolution of predator and prey operates at each of these steps. Predators search the environment for acceptable prey. Predator adaptations to improve foraging success include better visual acuity, develop ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.