Do aquatic macrophytes co-occur randomly? An analysis of null
... may have opposite effects that therefore prevent the formation of a spatial pattern (Gotelli and Graves 1996). Factors explaining the structure of aquatic macrophyte associations may be nested, and their importance may vary according to the grain and extent (sensu Wiens 1989). At a coarse extent, ge ...
... may have opposite effects that therefore prevent the formation of a spatial pattern (Gotelli and Graves 1996). Factors explaining the structure of aquatic macrophyte associations may be nested, and their importance may vary according to the grain and extent (sensu Wiens 1989). At a coarse extent, ge ...
(Repco Rally Australia) In The Norther
... grazing and trampling of habitat by livestock; invasion of suitable habitat by weeds, such as Lantana, Crofton Weed and Mistflower in northern NSW. With such a small population occurring in northern NSW/southern Qld, it is essential to prevent any significant impacts occurring from the Repco Ral ...
... grazing and trampling of habitat by livestock; invasion of suitable habitat by weeds, such as Lantana, Crofton Weed and Mistflower in northern NSW. With such a small population occurring in northern NSW/southern Qld, it is essential to prevent any significant impacts occurring from the Repco Ral ...
Pollinators in Natural Areas
... benefit insect communities by managing invasive plants and allowing spring- and summer-blooming flowers to grow. Controlled grazing has been shown to help maintain an open, herbaceous-dominated plant community that is capable of supporting a wide diversity of butterflies and other pollinators (Small ...
... benefit insect communities by managing invasive plants and allowing spring- and summer-blooming flowers to grow. Controlled grazing has been shown to help maintain an open, herbaceous-dominated plant community that is capable of supporting a wide diversity of butterflies and other pollinators (Small ...
Charles J. (Jay) Cole and Carol R. Townsend Herpetological
... reintroduced, while the other native ranids have all suffered from population declines and range reduction. The causes most often cited are the usual ones, including introduced predators (particularly fish), habitat loss, drought, and disease. Of all of these species, including the reintroduced spec ...
... reintroduced, while the other native ranids have all suffered from population declines and range reduction. The causes most often cited are the usual ones, including introduced predators (particularly fish), habitat loss, drought, and disease. Of all of these species, including the reintroduced spec ...
Picture - Emanuel A. Fronhofer
... The eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal The fact that species’ range dynamics are the consequence of colonizations and local extinctions (Fig. 1) immediately clarifies the importance of dispersal: while population extinctions may be due to a range of phenomena – from deterministic successional p ...
... The eco-evolutionary dynamics of dispersal The fact that species’ range dynamics are the consequence of colonizations and local extinctions (Fig. 1) immediately clarifies the importance of dispersal: while population extinctions may be due to a range of phenomena – from deterministic successional p ...
Enemy-free space via host plant chemistry and dispersion
... the “habits” that can generate enemy-free space (EFS) are adaptations in morphology and size, position, interspecific interaction, visibility, and chemistry (Berdegue et al. 1996). So host plant chemistry and host plant rarity, via their effects on enemies, are just two of several potential habits t ...
... the “habits” that can generate enemy-free space (EFS) are adaptations in morphology and size, position, interspecific interaction, visibility, and chemistry (Berdegue et al. 1996). So host plant chemistry and host plant rarity, via their effects on enemies, are just two of several potential habits t ...
Testing aggregation hypotheses among Neotropical trees and
... individual species clump at some spatial scale (Hubbell 1979, He et al. 1997, Condit et al. 2000, Plotkin et al. 2000a, Picard et al. 2009), and how those patterns relate to a species’ abundance (He et al. 1997, Condit et al. 2000) and stem size (He et al. 1997, Itoh et al. 1997) has also generated ...
... individual species clump at some spatial scale (Hubbell 1979, He et al. 1997, Condit et al. 2000, Plotkin et al. 2000a, Picard et al. 2009), and how those patterns relate to a species’ abundance (He et al. 1997, Condit et al. 2000) and stem size (He et al. 1997, Itoh et al. 1997) has also generated ...
Chapter 23 the early Tracheophytes
... Website for Rost et al/Plant Biology 2e, ISBN: 0534495958 Objectives Chapter #23 ...
... Website for Rost et al/Plant Biology 2e, ISBN: 0534495958 Objectives Chapter #23 ...
Are You suprised
... is not controlling the distribution of this species. However, survival and growth were different among sites. One site without established colonies had significantly lower growth and survival than all others, indicating the importance of post-settlement factors at this site. The other site where adu ...
... is not controlling the distribution of this species. However, survival and growth were different among sites. One site without established colonies had significantly lower growth and survival than all others, indicating the importance of post-settlement factors at this site. The other site where adu ...
Invasive lionfish preying on critically endangered reef fish
... Although larger Caribbean fishes escape predation as adults, we found two mature female social wrasses inside one of the stomachs (Fig. 1b), potentially making this species even more vulnerable. Some Caribbean fish species, including Halichoeres burekae and Emblemariopsis randalli, are similar to th ...
... Although larger Caribbean fishes escape predation as adults, we found two mature female social wrasses inside one of the stomachs (Fig. 1b), potentially making this species even more vulnerable. Some Caribbean fish species, including Halichoeres burekae and Emblemariopsis randalli, are similar to th ...
Late Quaternary Extinctions: State of the Debate
... Here, we offer a continent-by-continent summary of the LQE, focusing mostly on mammals. We do not discuss Holocene island extinctions in any detail because most researchers accept that anthropogenic factors were pivotal. We evaluate the main hypotheses proposed to explain the LQE and focus on the im ...
... Here, we offer a continent-by-continent summary of the LQE, focusing mostly on mammals. We do not discuss Holocene island extinctions in any detail because most researchers accept that anthropogenic factors were pivotal. We evaluate the main hypotheses proposed to explain the LQE and focus on the im ...
Species-specific effects of genetic diversity and species
... To distinguish potential effects of species diversity and genetic diversity on ecosystem functioning, a factorial experiment is needed. Furthermore, such an experiment needs to be performed with many species and genotypes of maternal seed families (SF) to assess whether general conclusions can be dr ...
... To distinguish potential effects of species diversity and genetic diversity on ecosystem functioning, a factorial experiment is needed. Furthermore, such an experiment needs to be performed with many species and genotypes of maternal seed families (SF) to assess whether general conclusions can be dr ...
Metabarcoding dietary analysis of coral dwelling predatory fish
... the biological control potential of insect predators (Mollot et al., 2014) and the ecological effects of large herbivores (Kowalczyk et al., 2011) and carnivores (Shehzad et al., 2012). The use of high-throughput sequencing for understanding trophic links in marine systems has been more limited to d ...
... the biological control potential of insect predators (Mollot et al., 2014) and the ecological effects of large herbivores (Kowalczyk et al., 2011) and carnivores (Shehzad et al., 2012). The use of high-throughput sequencing for understanding trophic links in marine systems has been more limited to d ...
The Effects of Burmese Pythons on Everglades Ecosystems
... populations are high in the Everglades, becoming snake food is not the whole issue. The greatest concern that pertains to alligator populations is the fact that they are considered a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers—or, a species that physically modifies and maintains the envir ...
... populations are high in the Everglades, becoming snake food is not the whole issue. The greatest concern that pertains to alligator populations is the fact that they are considered a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers—or, a species that physically modifies and maintains the envir ...
Population Ecology
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ...
using experimental evolution to investigate geographic range limits
... Adaptive trade-offs such as those underlying models of range limit evolution are fundamental to evolutionary ecology theory and presumed to be a general outcome of divergent natural selection (Levins 1968; MacArthur 1972; Gupta and Lewontin 1982; Futuyma and Moreno 1988). When trade-offs exist due t ...
... Adaptive trade-offs such as those underlying models of range limit evolution are fundamental to evolutionary ecology theory and presumed to be a general outcome of divergent natural selection (Levins 1968; MacArthur 1972; Gupta and Lewontin 1982; Futuyma and Moreno 1988). When trade-offs exist due t ...
using experimental evolution to investigate
... Adaptive trade-offs such as those underlying models of range limit evolution are fundamental to evolutionary ecology theory and presumed to be a general outcome of divergent natural selection (Levins 1968; MacArthur 1972; Gupta and Lewontin 1982; Futuyma and Moreno 1988). When trade-offs exist due t ...
... Adaptive trade-offs such as those underlying models of range limit evolution are fundamental to evolutionary ecology theory and presumed to be a general outcome of divergent natural selection (Levins 1968; MacArthur 1972; Gupta and Lewontin 1982; Futuyma and Moreno 1988). When trade-offs exist due t ...
An ecological perspective on the deployment and design of low
... 1). Thus, the abundance of a species may fluctuate considerably when looking at a small spatial scale but be stable when comparing the average abundance on a larger scale. To understand and predict the effects of management interventions (e.g., coastal defences) on biodiversity, we must consider how ...
... 1). Thus, the abundance of a species may fluctuate considerably when looking at a small spatial scale but be stable when comparing the average abundance on a larger scale. To understand and predict the effects of management interventions (e.g., coastal defences) on biodiversity, we must consider how ...
Interactions among mutualism, competition, and predation foster
... Tang et al. 2014), affect resilience of dynamical systems to perturbations (Georgelin and Loeuille 2014), and promote stability in complex systems (Mougi and Kondoh 2014), which tend to be unstable when investigating interaction types in isolation (Allesina and Tang 2012). In this study, we investig ...
... Tang et al. 2014), affect resilience of dynamical systems to perturbations (Georgelin and Loeuille 2014), and promote stability in complex systems (Mougi and Kondoh 2014), which tend to be unstable when investigating interaction types in isolation (Allesina and Tang 2012). In this study, we investig ...
Ungulates in western coniferous forests: habitat relationships
... forests in intercepting snow cover and providing access to forage for blacktailed deer during winter in southeast Alaska (Hanley 1984). In addition, snow depth has a great influence on the movements of mule and blacktailed deer (Mackie et al. 1982). Snow depths of 25–30 cm may impede movements of mul ...
... forests in intercepting snow cover and providing access to forage for blacktailed deer during winter in southeast Alaska (Hanley 1984). In addition, snow depth has a great influence on the movements of mule and blacktailed deer (Mackie et al. 1982). Snow depths of 25–30 cm may impede movements of mul ...
The Conservation and Ecology of Carnivorous Plants
... worldwide by searching peer-reviewed literature, and found data on the threats to 48 species of carnivorous plants from nine genera. The most common threat was habitat loss from agriculture, followed by the collection of wild plants, pollution, and natural systems modifications. As I found in Chapte ...
... worldwide by searching peer-reviewed literature, and found data on the threats to 48 species of carnivorous plants from nine genera. The most common threat was habitat loss from agriculture, followed by the collection of wild plants, pollution, and natural systems modifications. As I found in Chapte ...
Molecular Ecology
... derived from the two supercolonies following Kautz et al. (2009b). Gasters of queens were discarded before DNA extraction. For the other castes, entire individuals were used for DNA extraction. PCR was carried out in 10 lL reaction volume consisting of 1.0 lL 10· PCR ...
... derived from the two supercolonies following Kautz et al. (2009b). Gasters of queens were discarded before DNA extraction. For the other castes, entire individuals were used for DNA extraction. PCR was carried out in 10 lL reaction volume consisting of 1.0 lL 10· PCR ...
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF EFFECTS OF PLANT PRODUCTIVITY AND E S
... the diversity of consumers, plant productivity, plant composition, and plant diversity may influence the diversity of trophic levels higher up the food chain (‘‘bottom-up’’ control of diversity). Increasing plant productivity may increase herbivore diversity by: increasing the abundance of rare reso ...
... the diversity of consumers, plant productivity, plant composition, and plant diversity may influence the diversity of trophic levels higher up the food chain (‘‘bottom-up’’ control of diversity). Increasing plant productivity may increase herbivore diversity by: increasing the abundance of rare reso ...
Wolf Predation and Ungulate Populations Department of Zoology
... dealt intensively with the interaction of wolves and their prey. Since he completed his field work, Cowan (1947), Thompson (1952), Stenlund (1955), Mech (1966), and Shelton (1966) have also reported on the wolves of North America. Pulliainen (1965) has presented an account of the species in Finland. ...
... dealt intensively with the interaction of wolves and their prey. Since he completed his field work, Cowan (1947), Thompson (1952), Stenlund (1955), Mech (1966), and Shelton (1966) have also reported on the wolves of North America. Pulliainen (1965) has presented an account of the species in Finland. ...
Connections between ecology, biogeography, and paleobiology
... deposit, 15-25 cm thick, lies immediately below the Tagelus bed and contains an extremely high density of shells, representing the accumulation resulting from a single, very large storm event. Many of the bivalves were still articulated, but they had been washed out of their living positions and col ...
... deposit, 15-25 cm thick, lies immediately below the Tagelus bed and contains an extremely high density of shells, representing the accumulation resulting from a single, very large storm event. Many of the bivalves were still articulated, but they had been washed out of their living positions and col ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.