Oecologia (1994) 97:326-332 Springer-Verlag 1994 ORIGINAL PAPER
... lizards are presented by Schall (1990b). Both parasites are common in A. agama in Sierra Leone and are the only known malarial species infecting the lizards. We collected lizards at 22 sites scattered throughout the country; these are shown in Fig. 2 and Table 1. We had sites in a variety of habitat ...
... lizards are presented by Schall (1990b). Both parasites are common in A. agama in Sierra Leone and are the only known malarial species infecting the lizards. We collected lizards at 22 sites scattered throughout the country; these are shown in Fig. 2 and Table 1. We had sites in a variety of habitat ...
DIVERGENT PREY SELECTION IN TWO SPECIES OF
... low. However, subsets of the data were tested to asorganisms.At 2 sites I repeated the sampling procesessindividual variation. For analysisof attackrate dure to assessthe completenessof invertebrate reand picking frequency I used data from observation moval. Once collected, I rinsed mud from the sam ...
... low. However, subsets of the data were tested to asorganisms.At 2 sites I repeated the sampling procesessindividual variation. For analysisof attackrate dure to assessthe completenessof invertebrate reand picking frequency I used data from observation moval. Once collected, I rinsed mud from the sam ...
Metaâ•`analysis of the effects of small mammal
... A further total of 31 studies did not report critical statistics needed to compute effect size (e.g. t-values, F-values, d.f., or N). Of these, five studies were kept in the database upon obtaining this information from their authors. Further seven studies were included by using raw data reported in ...
... A further total of 31 studies did not report critical statistics needed to compute effect size (e.g. t-values, F-values, d.f., or N). Of these, five studies were kept in the database upon obtaining this information from their authors. Further seven studies were included by using raw data reported in ...
The concept of overgrazing and its role in management of
... complicated (see e.g. Miller et al. 1999), and will probably need careful local actions in each specific case. The range ecology baseline can serve as an important starting point that most managers and conservationists can agree upon as negative effects of grazing. ...
... complicated (see e.g. Miller et al. 1999), and will probably need careful local actions in each specific case. The range ecology baseline can serve as an important starting point that most managers and conservationists can agree upon as negative effects of grazing. ...
Competition in lichen communities
... lichen thalli (‘neighbourhoods’). Hence, lichen competition has been studied by investigating non-random associations or by studying the immediate neighbourhoods of thalli. John and Dale (1995) studied the lichen vegetation on oak trees in Michigan and found numerous non-random associations at all s ...
... lichen thalli (‘neighbourhoods’). Hence, lichen competition has been studied by investigating non-random associations or by studying the immediate neighbourhoods of thalli. John and Dale (1995) studied the lichen vegetation on oak trees in Michigan and found numerous non-random associations at all s ...
Primary Succession and Ecosystem Rehabilitation
... Human responses to disturbance are also influenced by the predominant culture. Extreme events displace humans and alter human immigration into the affected area as far into the future as primary succession proceeds. Low-density agrarian cultures are perhaps most resilient (e.g. farmers in Peru after ...
... Human responses to disturbance are also influenced by the predominant culture. Extreme events displace humans and alter human immigration into the affected area as far into the future as primary succession proceeds. Low-density agrarian cultures are perhaps most resilient (e.g. farmers in Peru after ...
Predator Control as a Tool in Wildlife Management
... predation can significantly threaten wildlife populations. means that it plays a disproportionate role in the ecosysIn this publication we review the effects of predation on tem. If it is removed, other species will be affected. A predgame animals—deer, wild turkey, quail, pronghorn anteator may aff ...
... predation can significantly threaten wildlife populations. means that it plays a disproportionate role in the ecosysIn this publication we review the effects of predation on tem. If it is removed, other species will be affected. A predgame animals—deer, wild turkey, quail, pronghorn anteator may aff ...
3 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... studies show this effect quite clearly. In 1993, David Tilman and colleagues (Tilman et al. 1997, 2001) set up 168 plots (9 m × 9 m) at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota (Figure 3.4), into which they introduced seeds from 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 grassland–savanna perennial species. Th ...
... studies show this effect quite clearly. In 1993, David Tilman and colleagues (Tilman et al. 1997, 2001) set up 168 plots (9 m × 9 m) at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve in Minnesota (Figure 3.4), into which they introduced seeds from 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 grassland–savanna perennial species. Th ...
Fact Sheet No.15: Tunicate
... unicellular algae and bacteria from the water column. Reproduction: The Tunicate reproduces both sexually and asexually. All species within the Botrylloides genus are hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction that can be either viviparous or ovoviviparous. The Tunicate's sexual reproduction is vivipar ...
... unicellular algae and bacteria from the water column. Reproduction: The Tunicate reproduces both sexually and asexually. All species within the Botrylloides genus are hermaphrodites with sexual reproduction that can be either viviparous or ovoviviparous. The Tunicate's sexual reproduction is vivipar ...
Desirable mathematical properties of indicators for biodiversity change
... not exclusively important for biodiversity but also applies to other statistical fields. It has had much attention in the first half of the 20th century in economic price index theory when numerous indicators were proposed to evaluate changes in the cost of living (Balk, 2008). Examining the mathemati ...
... not exclusively important for biodiversity but also applies to other statistical fields. It has had much attention in the first half of the 20th century in economic price index theory when numerous indicators were proposed to evaluate changes in the cost of living (Balk, 2008). Examining the mathemati ...
Adults - Gopher Tortoise Day
... You will notice that the males have a concave plastron (underbelly). This is the easiest way to tell the difference between sexes. Males also have a more prominent gular at the front of their plastrons, used for fighting over mating competition. ...
... You will notice that the males have a concave plastron (underbelly). This is the easiest way to tell the difference between sexes. Males also have a more prominent gular at the front of their plastrons, used for fighting over mating competition. ...
A Review of the Impacts, Effects of Common Carp on Freshwater
... seasons. In a comprehensive study completed by Weber and Brown in 2009, “Common carp increased water column nutrients in 75% of the surveyed literature..” (Weber and Brown, Vol. 17 2009, p.526). The research completed in this analysis determined that “Common carp may directly and indirectly increase ...
... seasons. In a comprehensive study completed by Weber and Brown in 2009, “Common carp increased water column nutrients in 75% of the surveyed literature..” (Weber and Brown, Vol. 17 2009, p.526). The research completed in this analysis determined that “Common carp may directly and indirectly increase ...
Evaluating least-cost model predictions with empirical
... short geographic distances. These patterns are expected by the ecological and lifehistory knowledge of the species, leading to a relatively low magnitude of population differentiation coupled with short distance spatial patterns. Moreover, even these weak patterns showed a signature of effects of hu ...
... short geographic distances. These patterns are expected by the ecological and lifehistory knowledge of the species, leading to a relatively low magnitude of population differentiation coupled with short distance spatial patterns. Moreover, even these weak patterns showed a signature of effects of hu ...
Georges Bank EPU - Maine Fishermen`s Forum
... Increasing variability in recruitment, growth, and mortality Stakeholders seeking greater stability Bycatch and choke species becoming more ...
... Increasing variability in recruitment, growth, and mortality Stakeholders seeking greater stability Bycatch and choke species becoming more ...
8 Conflicts over biodiversity
... it is not only the loss of species per se that is worrying, it is particularly the destruction and alteration of their habitats which is crucially important. Loss of habitat area and habitat diversity reduces the Earth's capacity to support viable populations. Indeed, the primary cause of biodiversi ...
... it is not only the loss of species per se that is worrying, it is particularly the destruction and alteration of their habitats which is crucially important. Loss of habitat area and habitat diversity reduces the Earth's capacity to support viable populations. Indeed, the primary cause of biodiversi ...
- Wiley Online Library
... main tree species. At Trois Fontaines, the understorey is made up of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and brambles (Rubus sp.). At Chize, three different habitats can be identified in relation to the type of timber stand and coppice structure (from richest to poorest: oak with hornbeam, oak with Montpel ...
... main tree species. At Trois Fontaines, the understorey is made up of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus) and brambles (Rubus sp.). At Chize, three different habitats can be identified in relation to the type of timber stand and coppice structure (from richest to poorest: oak with hornbeam, oak with Montpel ...
Managing ecosystem services and biodiversity conservation in
... influence how we think about biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes but we must exercise caution. While we would like to see win-win scenarios (Fig. 1c), in practice other outcomes are likely, including those where there is little or no synergy (Fig. 1a,b,d). Practices associated with a ...
... influence how we think about biodiversity conservation in agricultural landscapes but we must exercise caution. While we would like to see win-win scenarios (Fig. 1c), in practice other outcomes are likely, including those where there is little or no synergy (Fig. 1a,b,d). Practices associated with a ...
Ecology and conservation of small carnivores in tropical rainforests
... fruits of trees and lianas, rarely those of herbs or shrubs. Fruits eaten by civets were mostly small (<1 cm diameter), multiseeded, pulpy berries, and drupes with moderate to high water content, along with several large (>2 cm) fruits like Palaquium ellipticum, Elaeocarpus serratus, Holigarna nigra ...
... fruits of trees and lianas, rarely those of herbs or shrubs. Fruits eaten by civets were mostly small (<1 cm diameter), multiseeded, pulpy berries, and drupes with moderate to high water content, along with several large (>2 cm) fruits like Palaquium ellipticum, Elaeocarpus serratus, Holigarna nigra ...
Feral Cat Predation and It`s Effects on Wildlife
... comments like these made by the researchers themselves are often ignored by groups who use and abuse these studies to prove cats are the major cause of prey species decline. OTHER FACTORS Besides the inherent problems of the studies as discussed above, there are numerous other factors other than fer ...
... comments like these made by the researchers themselves are often ignored by groups who use and abuse these studies to prove cats are the major cause of prey species decline. OTHER FACTORS Besides the inherent problems of the studies as discussed above, there are numerous other factors other than fer ...
Are there general laws in parasite community - MiVEGEC
... compound community consists of all the parasite communities within an ecosystem (see Esch et al. 1990). This creates at least a third-order scaling of habitat fragmentation for the parasites which has a significant impact on the development of theory regarding the evolution of populations and commun ...
... compound community consists of all the parasite communities within an ecosystem (see Esch et al. 1990). This creates at least a third-order scaling of habitat fragmentation for the parasites which has a significant impact on the development of theory regarding the evolution of populations and commun ...
i FLATWORM PREDATION ON JUVENILE FRESHWATER
... Ceriodaphnia reticulata, was eaten at a higher rate than mussels when only one prey type was present, but at a similar rate when both were present. Finally, the effect of flatworm size (0.7- 2.2 mm long) on predation rate on mussels (0.2 mm) was tested. Predation rate increased with predator size. T ...
... Ceriodaphnia reticulata, was eaten at a higher rate than mussels when only one prey type was present, but at a similar rate when both were present. Finally, the effect of flatworm size (0.7- 2.2 mm long) on predation rate on mussels (0.2 mm) was tested. Predation rate increased with predator size. T ...
Negative competitive effects of invasive plants change with time
... estimation (18/27), (3) taken from other published sources or government websites when observations for home range estimation were too sparse (5/27) and (4) provided by the authors of the study when observations were too sparse and other sources could not be found (3/27) (see Appendix: Table A1 for ...
... estimation (18/27), (3) taken from other published sources or government websites when observations for home range estimation were too sparse (5/27) and (4) provided by the authors of the study when observations were too sparse and other sources could not be found (3/27) (see Appendix: Table A1 for ...
(Repco Rally Australia) In The Norther
... grazing and trampling of habitat by livestock; invasion of suitable habitat by weeds, such as Lantana, Crofton Weed and Mistflower in northern NSW. With such a small population occurring in northern NSW/southern Qld, it is essential to prevent any significant impacts occurring from the Repco Ral ...
... grazing and trampling of habitat by livestock; invasion of suitable habitat by weeds, such as Lantana, Crofton Weed and Mistflower in northern NSW. With such a small population occurring in northern NSW/southern Qld, it is essential to prevent any significant impacts occurring from the Repco Ral ...
Pollinators in Natural Areas
... benefit insect communities by managing invasive plants and allowing spring- and summer-blooming flowers to grow. Controlled grazing has been shown to help maintain an open, herbaceous-dominated plant community that is capable of supporting a wide diversity of butterflies and other pollinators (Small ...
... benefit insect communities by managing invasive plants and allowing spring- and summer-blooming flowers to grow. Controlled grazing has been shown to help maintain an open, herbaceous-dominated plant community that is capable of supporting a wide diversity of butterflies and other pollinators (Small ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.