Pseudomys novaehollandiae, New Holland Mouse
... Holland Mice found in 1993 on the Yanakie Isthmus of Wilsons Promontory National Park, Victoria, was occupying atypical habitat – vegetated sand dunes that had not been burnt for 20-30 years. The dune habitat comprised a mature Banksia – Allocasuarina woodland with an understorey dominated by sedges ...
... Holland Mice found in 1993 on the Yanakie Isthmus of Wilsons Promontory National Park, Victoria, was occupying atypical habitat – vegetated sand dunes that had not been burnt for 20-30 years. The dune habitat comprised a mature Banksia – Allocasuarina woodland with an understorey dominated by sedges ...
C:\RZ\LIS Food Webs\LIS FOOD WEBS FINAL REPORT\Zajac et al
... from simple to extremely complex. For example, Figure 1A shows a very simplified food chain, with phytoplankton at the base of the food chain, or at the first trophic level, and successive levels of consumers leading to the highest trophic level, humans. However, ecosystems are rarely comprised of ...
... from simple to extremely complex. For example, Figure 1A shows a very simplified food chain, with phytoplankton at the base of the food chain, or at the first trophic level, and successive levels of consumers leading to the highest trophic level, humans. However, ecosystems are rarely comprised of ...
Factors Influencing Macroinvertebrate Diversity and Community
... phases: filling, aquatic and drying. Each phase may contain different fauna and flora groups (Therriault and Kolsa 2001). During these phases rock pools may experience extreme fluctuation in temperature and a wide variations in pH values from 4.0 to 11.0 (Wellborn et al. 1996, Jocqueʹ′ et al. 2010). ...
... phases: filling, aquatic and drying. Each phase may contain different fauna and flora groups (Therriault and Kolsa 2001). During these phases rock pools may experience extreme fluctuation in temperature and a wide variations in pH values from 4.0 to 11.0 (Wellborn et al. 1996, Jocqueʹ′ et al. 2010). ...
Natural Selection and Ecological Speciation in Sticklebacks
... a consequence of divergent natural selection between niches and environments (Schluter 2000, 2001). Reproductive isolation may evolve indirectly as a byproduct of adaptive divergence of other traits, or selection may directly favor the evolution of reproductive isolation. Ecological speciation is ad ...
... a consequence of divergent natural selection between niches and environments (Schluter 2000, 2001). Reproductive isolation may evolve indirectly as a byproduct of adaptive divergence of other traits, or selection may directly favor the evolution of reproductive isolation. Ecological speciation is ad ...
Phenology - URPP Global Change and Biodiversity
... phenological research (White et al., 2009). The field of Land Surface Phenology (LSP) has been defined as the study of seasonal patterns of vegetated land surfaces as observed from remote sensing (Reed et al., 2003; de Beurs & Henebry, ...
... phenological research (White et al., 2009). The field of Land Surface Phenology (LSP) has been defined as the study of seasonal patterns of vegetated land surfaces as observed from remote sensing (Reed et al., 2003; de Beurs & Henebry, ...
Regime Shifts in the Anthropocene: drivers, risk
... apex predators can lead to shifts in the dominance of consumers at lower trophic levels6. This has been particularly observed in the case of overfishing of sea otter, cod and haddock, which have released urchins from their predatory controls. Large populations of urchins form grazing fronts that gra ...
... apex predators can lead to shifts in the dominance of consumers at lower trophic levels6. This has been particularly observed in the case of overfishing of sea otter, cod and haddock, which have released urchins from their predatory controls. Large populations of urchins form grazing fronts that gra ...
THE FIRST ALFRED NEWTON LECTURE Experiments on the
... or they could be held at a lower level by natural enemies, such as predators and parasites. In this paper, I review the experimental evidence for each of these limiting factors affecting bird breeding densities. Of 18 experiments involving winter food provision (mostly on tits, Paridae). 11 led to i ...
... or they could be held at a lower level by natural enemies, such as predators and parasites. In this paper, I review the experimental evidence for each of these limiting factors affecting bird breeding densities. Of 18 experiments involving winter food provision (mostly on tits, Paridae). 11 led to i ...
Chapter 54(Community Ecology)
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism) • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects c ...
Reliable Computation of Equilibrium States and Bifurcations in
... simple tritrophic Rosenzweig-MacArthur model, and variations thereof. We will explore the use of the same approach here, but apply it to more complex models. This computational method uses an interval-Newton approach combined with generalized bisection, and provides a mathematical and computational ...
... simple tritrophic Rosenzweig-MacArthur model, and variations thereof. We will explore the use of the same approach here, but apply it to more complex models. This computational method uses an interval-Newton approach combined with generalized bisection, and provides a mathematical and computational ...
Hidden responses to environmental variation: maternal
... Galloway 2005; Sultan et al. 2009; Dyer et al. 2010). However, the general importance of maternal effects for ecological dynamics is unknown for two reasons. First, many studies of maternal effects evaluate their impact on genetically similar individuals, such as closely related genotypes or clones ...
... Galloway 2005; Sultan et al. 2009; Dyer et al. 2010). However, the general importance of maternal effects for ecological dynamics is unknown for two reasons. First, many studies of maternal effects evaluate their impact on genetically similar individuals, such as closely related genotypes or clones ...
Viola, D., E. Mordecai, A. Jaramillo, S. Sistla, L
... a species depletes resources when grown in monoculture (16). Species strongly limited by resources have high R*s. Likewise, P* is the consumer density that a prey species can support in monoculture, with large values reflecting strong consumer limitation (9). We imposed perturbations in resource supp ...
... a species depletes resources when grown in monoculture (16). Species strongly limited by resources have high R*s. Likewise, P* is the consumer density that a prey species can support in monoculture, with large values reflecting strong consumer limitation (9). We imposed perturbations in resource supp ...
Facilitation contributes to Mediterranean woody plant diversity but
... growth forms and therefore richness estimates were directly comparable and, second, the counts were, to some extent, independent of yearly variation in production. Despite the similar sampling effort within each zone, the number of juveniles detected varied greatly among communities and zones. Thus, ...
... growth forms and therefore richness estimates were directly comparable and, second, the counts were, to some extent, independent of yearly variation in production. Despite the similar sampling effort within each zone, the number of juveniles detected varied greatly among communities and zones. Thus, ...
Background - Sacramento - California State University
... responded to the soil moisture regimes and other environmental variables exhibited by the various microhabitats. These results suggest that the entire insect metacommunity may be structured according to the species-sorting model of metacommunity theory. Analyzing distinct dispersal and functional gr ...
... responded to the soil moisture regimes and other environmental variables exhibited by the various microhabitats. These results suggest that the entire insect metacommunity may be structured according to the species-sorting model of metacommunity theory. Analyzing distinct dispersal and functional gr ...
The Meaning of Semiochemicals to the Design of Self
... to other organisms. Positive egoistic behavior instead refers to forms of selfish interactions, if the outcome is self-interested but not harmful to the general welfare of the own species or detrimental to other organisms. • Social relationships emerge from the tendency of organisms to associate wit ...
... to other organisms. Positive egoistic behavior instead refers to forms of selfish interactions, if the outcome is self-interested but not harmful to the general welfare of the own species or detrimental to other organisms. • Social relationships emerge from the tendency of organisms to associate wit ...
Reiskind, M.H. and M.L. Wilson. 2008. Interspecific
... and Aedes aegypti, generally concluding that Ae. albopictus larvae are superior competitors under realistic conditions, allowing them to displace Ae. aegypti from much of its previous range (OÕMeara et al. 1995, Juliano 1998, Daugherty et al. 2000, Juliano et al. 2002). Likewise, studies have examin ...
... and Aedes aegypti, generally concluding that Ae. albopictus larvae are superior competitors under realistic conditions, allowing them to displace Ae. aegypti from much of its previous range (OÕMeara et al. 1995, Juliano 1998, Daugherty et al. 2000, Juliano et al. 2002). Likewise, studies have examin ...
COMPETITOR-INDUCED PLASTICITY IN TADPOLES
... 1987, Harvell 1990). In addition, there are a few amphibians that inhabit highly ephemeral habitats and change from an omnivorous to a carnivorous (and often cannibalistic) phenotype under high intraspecific competition (these cases appear to be limited to only a few species of amphibians; Bragg 195 ...
... 1987, Harvell 1990). In addition, there are a few amphibians that inhabit highly ephemeral habitats and change from an omnivorous to a carnivorous (and often cannibalistic) phenotype under high intraspecific competition (these cases appear to be limited to only a few species of amphibians; Bragg 195 ...
Understanding Biodiversity Protection Opportunities in the Oil and
... – These future options for biodiversity, and humankind’s possible use of it, drive many to argue that we should be cautious about how we manage and use it. ...
... – These future options for biodiversity, and humankind’s possible use of it, drive many to argue that we should be cautious about how we manage and use it. ...
Plant diversity consequences of a herbivore-driven biome
... those of the independent Indicator Species Analysis of Dufrêne & Legendre (1997) according to McCune & Grace (2002). The Shannon-Wiener index of diversity was calculated as in Krebs (1989), but using ln base e. The values of this index were also converted to their number equivalents which expresses ...
... those of the independent Indicator Species Analysis of Dufrêne & Legendre (1997) according to McCune & Grace (2002). The Shannon-Wiener index of diversity was calculated as in Krebs (1989), but using ln base e. The values of this index were also converted to their number equivalents which expresses ...
Population Management Plan Submission
... EDS considers there needs to be a clear statement in the legislation of the purpose of PMPs. The legislation needs to be clear that the purpose of PMPs is the recovery of marine species and populations and minimising direct and indirect mortality resulting from human activities. PMPs should have a c ...
... EDS considers there needs to be a clear statement in the legislation of the purpose of PMPs. The legislation needs to be clear that the purpose of PMPs is the recovery of marine species and populations and minimising direct and indirect mortality resulting from human activities. PMPs should have a c ...
Spongivory by juvenile angelfish - Instituto de Biociências da USP
... (Randall and Hartman 1968, Dunlap and Pawlik 1996). In Brazil, adults of Pomacanthus paru also feed mostly on sponges and algae, in variable proportions according to the locality studied (Batista 2006). The feeding behavior of juveniles, however, appears to be different from that of adults in these ...
... (Randall and Hartman 1968, Dunlap and Pawlik 1996). In Brazil, adults of Pomacanthus paru also feed mostly on sponges and algae, in variable proportions according to the locality studied (Batista 2006). The feeding behavior of juveniles, however, appears to be different from that of adults in these ...
Species diversity: from global decreases to local increases
... diversity to decrease dramatically in the years ahead, likening these reductions to the mass extinction events that occurred in past geological eras [1– 4]. Some projections estimate that more than half of current species could become extinct as a consequence of current patterns in global change [2] ...
... diversity to decrease dramatically in the years ahead, likening these reductions to the mass extinction events that occurred in past geological eras [1– 4]. Some projections estimate that more than half of current species could become extinct as a consequence of current patterns in global change [2] ...
Resilience Assessment of Lowland Plantations Using an
... although the stands of different species are interlaced, forming a mosaic landscape. 1.2. Restoring the Resilience of Reforested Areas After a decade of the execution of the plain afforestation policy, debate on the ultimate use of such plantations has become intensive, because what stakeholders exp ...
... although the stands of different species are interlaced, forming a mosaic landscape. 1.2. Restoring the Resilience of Reforested Areas After a decade of the execution of the plain afforestation policy, debate on the ultimate use of such plantations has become intensive, because what stakeholders exp ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.