Examining predator–prey body size, trophic level and body mass
... levels will sit higher in the food chain than a carnivore in a simple food web with just three trophic levels [4]. Also, as large mammalian carnivores tend to feed on larger prey, due to their high energetic requirements [5], larger carnivores also tend to have higher trophic positions. This is link ...
... levels will sit higher in the food chain than a carnivore in a simple food web with just three trophic levels [4]. Also, as large mammalian carnivores tend to feed on larger prey, due to their high energetic requirements [5], larger carnivores also tend to have higher trophic positions. This is link ...
682.pdf
... In nutrient-poor systems dominated by slow-growing perennials, annual grass invasion most commonly has been attributed to increased soil nitrogen (N) availability following disturbance (McLendon and Redente 1991, Kolb et al. 2002, Brooks 2003). Due to their faster growth rates and ability to rapidly ...
... In nutrient-poor systems dominated by slow-growing perennials, annual grass invasion most commonly has been attributed to increased soil nitrogen (N) availability following disturbance (McLendon and Redente 1991, Kolb et al. 2002, Brooks 2003). Due to their faster growth rates and ability to rapidly ...
Genetic diversity
... devoted to understanding the factors that influence the loss, protection, and restoration of biodiversity - Arose as scientists became alarmed at the degradation of natural systems - An applied and goaloriented science ...
... devoted to understanding the factors that influence the loss, protection, and restoration of biodiversity - Arose as scientists became alarmed at the degradation of natural systems - An applied and goaloriented science ...
Fungal fidelity in the myco‐heterotroph‐to‐autotroph life cycle of
... particular time (see Trumble et al., 1993). The second hypothesis states that the fitness of a plant with Se and in the presence of herbivores is equal to the fitness of a plant without Se and in the presence of herbivores. Disproving the second null hypothesis demonstrates that the presence of Se h ...
... particular time (see Trumble et al., 1993). The second hypothesis states that the fitness of a plant with Se and in the presence of herbivores is equal to the fitness of a plant without Se and in the presence of herbivores. Disproving the second null hypothesis demonstrates that the presence of Se h ...
Biodiversity
... concerted action. Action is needed to both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon and greenhouse gas sinks. Such actions will not only mitigate climate change but can, if done correctly, also improve our nature and landscapes.” It goes on, “Land use change can make significant contributi ...
... concerted action. Action is needed to both reduce greenhouse gas emissions and enhance carbon and greenhouse gas sinks. Such actions will not only mitigate climate change but can, if done correctly, also improve our nature and landscapes.” It goes on, “Land use change can make significant contributi ...
Amphibian Population Declines and Malformations Worldwide
... Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force (DAPTF) •Established in 1991 after 1989 First World Congress of Herpetology •3000 Scientists, 90 Countries ...
... Declining Amphibian Populations Task Force (DAPTF) •Established in 1991 after 1989 First World Congress of Herpetology •3000 Scientists, 90 Countries ...
Representations of the ecological niche
... is a biotic or abiotic factor (also called a resource in ecology) with specific values to which a species is adapted, such as its diet, activity pattern, and number of young. The F uN has the maximum hypervolume for the particular species, which means that it has all the possibilia under which the o ...
... is a biotic or abiotic factor (also called a resource in ecology) with specific values to which a species is adapted, such as its diet, activity pattern, and number of young. The F uN has the maximum hypervolume for the particular species, which means that it has all the possibilia under which the o ...
Macroecology of Microbes – Biogeography of the
... et al. 1995). Furthermore, greenhouse pot cultures do not always reveal the complete fungal community present in the field (Stutz and Morton 1996; Fitter 2005). In a survey in southern Utah, 47 spore morphospecies were found by examining field spores, but only 12 of these species were revealed in gr ...
... et al. 1995). Furthermore, greenhouse pot cultures do not always reveal the complete fungal community present in the field (Stutz and Morton 1996; Fitter 2005). In a survey in southern Utah, 47 spore morphospecies were found by examining field spores, but only 12 of these species were revealed in gr ...
Ecological Risk Assessment
... exposures to terrestrial animals (birds, mammals, insects) • Estimates of pesticide residues on wildlife food items are based on the Kenaga monogram (Hoerger and Kenaga, 1972; Fletcher et al., 1994) adjusted by application rate and depend on: • the food item (fruits, seeds, etc) • wildlife diet (her ...
... exposures to terrestrial animals (birds, mammals, insects) • Estimates of pesticide residues on wildlife food items are based on the Kenaga monogram (Hoerger and Kenaga, 1972; Fletcher et al., 1994) adjusted by application rate and depend on: • the food item (fruits, seeds, etc) • wildlife diet (her ...
The Net Libram of Athasian Ecology
... most are Beetles). (Why are most small? - specializing in small niches, using up and needing less energy if one is small, etc. etc.) Because life is so diverse, the different species must live together, sharing resources. (One species can not avoid the others; this sets up relationships, food is fin ...
... most are Beetles). (Why are most small? - specializing in small niches, using up and needing less energy if one is small, etc. etc.) Because life is so diverse, the different species must live together, sharing resources. (One species can not avoid the others; this sets up relationships, food is fin ...
Pigmy Bluetongue Lizard Factsheet
... because the lizards can successfully hunt for insects. In contrast, grasslands with a thick layer of thatch are not suitable. Pygmy Bluetongue Lizards cannot exist in areas that have been ploughed. This species is very wary and can sense danger from a long way off. At the first sign of danger they w ...
... because the lizards can successfully hunt for insects. In contrast, grasslands with a thick layer of thatch are not suitable. Pygmy Bluetongue Lizards cannot exist in areas that have been ploughed. This species is very wary and can sense danger from a long way off. At the first sign of danger they w ...
Biology Keystone Study Packet - Glaid
... (1) A theory is never revised as new scientific evidence is presented. (2) A theory is an assumption made by scientists and implies a lack of certainty. (3) A theory refers to a scientific explanation that is strongly supported by a variety of experimental data. (4) A theory is a hypothesis that has ...
... (1) A theory is never revised as new scientific evidence is presented. (2) A theory is an assumption made by scientists and implies a lack of certainty. (3) A theory refers to a scientific explanation that is strongly supported by a variety of experimental data. (4) A theory is a hypothesis that has ...
Discriminating trait-convergence and trait
... of soil P in wetlands, which was interpreted as increasing competition for light, where available light at the soil surface would decrease with increasing soil fertility. Notwithstanding, an operational approach to discriminating TDAP from TCAP and relating the patterns to community processes is sti ...
... of soil P in wetlands, which was interpreted as increasing competition for light, where available light at the soil surface would decrease with increasing soil fertility. Notwithstanding, an operational approach to discriminating TDAP from TCAP and relating the patterns to community processes is sti ...
Population genetics, food-plant specialization, and local
... of herbivorous insects present today (Thompson 1994). Thus, studying these essential aspects of the interaction between plants and herbivores may help us to better understand the present interactions, estimate how they have evolved, and predict how they will be modified in the future. 1.1. Genetic ...
... of herbivorous insects present today (Thompson 1994). Thus, studying these essential aspects of the interaction between plants and herbivores may help us to better understand the present interactions, estimate how they have evolved, and predict how they will be modified in the future. 1.1. Genetic ...
Oviposition preference and life history traits in cactophilic Drosophila
... viability in single species cultures varied when both Drosophila species were reared in media prepared with O. sulphurea or T. terschekii. In addition, between-species comparisons of ¯ies emerged from single species cultures showed that D. buzzatii adults were smaller and developed faster than D. ko ...
... viability in single species cultures varied when both Drosophila species were reared in media prepared with O. sulphurea or T. terschekii. In addition, between-species comparisons of ¯ies emerged from single species cultures showed that D. buzzatii adults were smaller and developed faster than D. ko ...
Evaluating the role of ecological isolation in maintaining the species
... All ANOVAs were performed in SPSS16.0. Following checks for homogeneity of variances, population size over time was examined using repeated measures ANOVA with each experimental population as the unit of replication (with the number of plants within the population as the dependent variable), year as ...
... All ANOVAs were performed in SPSS16.0. Following checks for homogeneity of variances, population size over time was examined using repeated measures ANOVA with each experimental population as the unit of replication (with the number of plants within the population as the dependent variable), year as ...
Do phosphorus requirements for RNA limit genome size in crustacean zooplankton?
... may actually serve an important role in gene regulation, it is not clear to what extent these regions promote fitness at the organism level. An obvious correlate of increased genome size is increased cell size. In addition, larger cells seem to require larger nuclei for more efficient mRNA transport ...
... may actually serve an important role in gene regulation, it is not clear to what extent these regions promote fitness at the organism level. An obvious correlate of increased genome size is increased cell size. In addition, larger cells seem to require larger nuclei for more efficient mRNA transport ...
Eusociality: Origin and consequences Edward O. Wilson* and Bert Ho¨lldobler
... become irreversible? We infer that this comes very early in the evolution of that condition, in particular when an anatomically distinct worker caste first appears, hence when a colony can most meaningfully be called a superorganism. Three lines of solitary halictine bees and one of allodapine apid ...
... become irreversible? We infer that this comes very early in the evolution of that condition, in particular when an anatomically distinct worker caste first appears, hence when a colony can most meaningfully be called a superorganism. Three lines of solitary halictine bees and one of allodapine apid ...
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Instituto de Biologia Programa
... and Paramecium caudatum (Parameciidae). When the species were grown under identical conditions and separate locations, both thrived. However, P. aurelia was apparently a superior competitor, once individuals multiplied faster than P. caudatum ones, showing more efficient use of available resources. ...
... and Paramecium caudatum (Parameciidae). When the species were grown under identical conditions and separate locations, both thrived. However, P. aurelia was apparently a superior competitor, once individuals multiplied faster than P. caudatum ones, showing more efficient use of available resources. ...
Eco-evolutionary buffering: rapid evolution facilitates regional
... other coexistence mechanisms. We therefore assume that parameters are identical across patches. This means that there is no spatial environmental heterogeneity relevant to the coexistence of the ...
... other coexistence mechanisms. We therefore assume that parameters are identical across patches. This means that there is no spatial environmental heterogeneity relevant to the coexistence of the ...
BIOS 5970: Plant-Herbivore Interactions
... herbivore trophic levels and is resolved by natural enemies at the third trophic level. • Lethal plant defense paradox occurs between herbivore and natural enemy trophic levels (Figure). • It is not known whether this paradox can be resolved. – We hypothesize that it is resolved by reduction of i ...
... herbivore trophic levels and is resolved by natural enemies at the third trophic level. • Lethal plant defense paradox occurs between herbivore and natural enemy trophic levels (Figure). • It is not known whether this paradox can be resolved. – We hypothesize that it is resolved by reduction of i ...
The Role of Hybrid Vigor in the Replacement of
... flow among population units. Also, when hybrids are reproductively and ecologically viable, their taxonomic status and that of their parental species becomes controversial, as does their conservation status (O’Brien & Mayr 1991; Smith et al. 1995; Rosenfield et al. 2000). Hybridization and genetic i ...
... flow among population units. Also, when hybrids are reproductively and ecologically viable, their taxonomic status and that of their parental species becomes controversial, as does their conservation status (O’Brien & Mayr 1991; Smith et al. 1995; Rosenfield et al. 2000). Hybridization and genetic i ...
High intraspecific variability in the functional niche of a predator is
... of literature calling for the use of functional approach to understand and quantify biological diversity, notably in the general context of human-induced perturbations ...
... of literature calling for the use of functional approach to understand and quantify biological diversity, notably in the general context of human-induced perturbations ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.