Evolutionary ecology of mountain birch in subarctic stress gradients
... creates variation in physiological stress and plant productivity. This variation is seldom clearcut, but rather results in clines of decreasing growth and productivity towards the high-stress end. These clines of unidirectionally changing stress are generally known as ‘stress gradients’. Through its ...
... creates variation in physiological stress and plant productivity. This variation is seldom clearcut, but rather results in clines of decreasing growth and productivity towards the high-stress end. These clines of unidirectionally changing stress are generally known as ‘stress gradients’. Through its ...
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... practice (Bengtsson et al., 2000; ) as well as wider ecological theory. For example, predator diversity may be important for herbivore pest control (Snyder et al., 2006; Tylianakis & Romo, 2010), while a diverse pollinator assemblage also ensures a full pollination service to the plant community (Me ...
... practice (Bengtsson et al., 2000; ) as well as wider ecological theory. For example, predator diversity may be important for herbivore pest control (Snyder et al., 2006; Tylianakis & Romo, 2010), while a diverse pollinator assemblage also ensures a full pollination service to the plant community (Me ...
PowerPoint presentation (PPT file)
... Conclusion Wetlands are important ecosystems that provide a variety of valuable ecosystems services to the human populations that rely on them. These services include many different kinds of supporting, biological, provisioning, regulatory, and cultural services. This underscores the importance of w ...
... Conclusion Wetlands are important ecosystems that provide a variety of valuable ecosystems services to the human populations that rely on them. These services include many different kinds of supporting, biological, provisioning, regulatory, and cultural services. This underscores the importance of w ...
The angiosperm radiation revisited, an ecological explanation for
... some confusion about their success in terms of species diversity (Crepet & Niklas 2009), and their success in terms of abundance and ecological dominance. Nevertheless, nowadays most authors assume that during the first millions of years angiosperms remained relatively rare until eventually an impre ...
... some confusion about their success in terms of species diversity (Crepet & Niklas 2009), and their success in terms of abundance and ecological dominance. Nevertheless, nowadays most authors assume that during the first millions of years angiosperms remained relatively rare until eventually an impre ...
Prey Vulnerability to Peacock Cichlids
... present study for largemouth bass by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (SAS 1985). We developed regression models of body depth versus total length (SAS 1985) to determine the relative vulnerability of common prey species in southeastern Florida—bluegill, largemouth bass, redear sunfish (Lepomis micro ...
... present study for largemouth bass by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) (SAS 1985). We developed regression models of body depth versus total length (SAS 1985) to determine the relative vulnerability of common prey species in southeastern Florida—bluegill, largemouth bass, redear sunfish (Lepomis micro ...
Effects of small-scale disturbance on invasion success in marine
... Introductions of non-indigenous species have resulted in many ecological problems including the reduction of biodiversity, decline of commercially important species and alteration of ecosystems. The link between disturbance and invasion potential has rarely been studied in the marine environment whe ...
... Introductions of non-indigenous species have resulted in many ecological problems including the reduction of biodiversity, decline of commercially important species and alteration of ecosystems. The link between disturbance and invasion potential has rarely been studied in the marine environment whe ...
“Mutualism” (PAGE 9)
... models of symbiosis (in addition to mutualism and commensalism), both of which are much more common. One is parasitism/predation in which one partner benefits and the other is harmed. The other is competition, in which both species are harmed by the presence or activities of the other. Humans engage ...
... models of symbiosis (in addition to mutualism and commensalism), both of which are much more common. One is parasitism/predation in which one partner benefits and the other is harmed. The other is competition, in which both species are harmed by the presence or activities of the other. Humans engage ...
Diversity meets decomposition
... Complementarity: a generic term used in the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning literature that encompasses all mechanisms leading to diversity effects on ecosystem process rates that cannot be attributed to any single species. The term was originally conceived to capture positive diversity effects, ...
... Complementarity: a generic term used in the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning literature that encompasses all mechanisms leading to diversity effects on ecosystem process rates that cannot be attributed to any single species. The term was originally conceived to capture positive diversity effects, ...
Succession
... plants, such as ____________________, are often the first to begin secondary succession. As they grow they create _____________________. Shade-loving plants, such as mountain laurel, grow and create even more shade. The increased shade creates a lack of _________________________ for the sunlovin ...
... plants, such as ____________________, are often the first to begin secondary succession. As they grow they create _____________________. Shade-loving plants, such as mountain laurel, grow and create even more shade. The increased shade creates a lack of _________________________ for the sunlovin ...
role of insects in forest ecosystems
... a. Numerical response: Predator population increases when prey abundant b. Functional response: Consumption / predator increases when prey abundant ...
... a. Numerical response: Predator population increases when prey abundant b. Functional response: Consumption / predator increases when prey abundant ...
Allee Effects
... individuals can alter environmental or biotic conditions in favorable ways. Examples of such niche construction include reducing physical damage in intertidal zones (Bertness and Grosholz 1985) or exclusion of competitors via allelopathy (Cappuccino 2004). Finally, demographic and genetic mechanisms ...
... individuals can alter environmental or biotic conditions in favorable ways. Examples of such niche construction include reducing physical damage in intertidal zones (Bertness and Grosholz 1985) or exclusion of competitors via allelopathy (Cappuccino 2004). Finally, demographic and genetic mechanisms ...
New primary resource increases predation on a pest in a banana
... 1 Primary resources may affect the structure of species assemblages in upper trophic levels of food webs. These bottom-up effects may involve important ecological processes that affect pest control. For example, population densities of natural enemies may increase when alternative preys are favoured ...
... 1 Primary resources may affect the structure of species assemblages in upper trophic levels of food webs. These bottom-up effects may involve important ecological processes that affect pest control. For example, population densities of natural enemies may increase when alternative preys are favoured ...
Propagule pressure: a null model for biological invasions
... invaders and susceptible habitats, we chose only papers that included an objective contrast of two or more species (e.g. nonindigenous vs. native; abundant vs. rare) or habitats (e.g. invaded vs. pristine; infested vs. lightly invaded). Thus, we excluded theoretical papers, post hoc examinations of ...
... invaders and susceptible habitats, we chose only papers that included an objective contrast of two or more species (e.g. nonindigenous vs. native; abundant vs. rare) or habitats (e.g. invaded vs. pristine; infested vs. lightly invaded). Thus, we excluded theoretical papers, post hoc examinations of ...
Is gene flow from pelagic larval dispersal
... species cautions against relying upon estimates of speciation and extinction rates for fossil taxa that are morphologically defined. ...
... species cautions against relying upon estimates of speciation and extinction rates for fossil taxa that are morphologically defined. ...
The dance of the invading jelly-fish
... the periodicity of such phenomena has been relatively well-known (sometimes several centuries!), the mechanisms involved are relatively unknown. It is to be noted that the physiology of these "Cnidaria", which are sometimes smaller than is generally thought, remains an important area for scientific ...
... the periodicity of such phenomena has been relatively well-known (sometimes several centuries!), the mechanisms involved are relatively unknown. It is to be noted that the physiology of these "Cnidaria", which are sometimes smaller than is generally thought, remains an important area for scientific ...
Importance of the Allee effect for reintroductions1
... small populations have in surviving and thriving. For many species of animals and plants, populations at low density or of small size suffer from a weak or even a negative growth rate, either of which increases their extinction risk; this is called the Allee effect. As reintroductions are almost inv ...
... small populations have in surviving and thriving. For many species of animals and plants, populations at low density or of small size suffer from a weak or even a negative growth rate, either of which increases their extinction risk; this is called the Allee effect. As reintroductions are almost inv ...
Hybridization, speciation
... usually perpetuate themselves, if at all, in backcrosses to one or the other parental species and the mongrel nature of their descendants is not apparent. The commonest result of hybridization is introgression, and introgression must be excessive before it will produce results conspicuous enough to ...
... usually perpetuate themselves, if at all, in backcrosses to one or the other parental species and the mongrel nature of their descendants is not apparent. The commonest result of hybridization is introgression, and introgression must be excessive before it will produce results conspicuous enough to ...
The impact of predation by introduced mammals on
... There appears to be little information on adult survival or on survival of juveniles to breeding age. Given the small population size and uncertainty about the factors responsible for the status of the Chatham Island oystercatcher, there is an urgent need for research on productivity, recruitment an ...
... There appears to be little information on adult survival or on survival of juveniles to breeding age. Given the small population size and uncertainty about the factors responsible for the status of the Chatham Island oystercatcher, there is an urgent need for research on productivity, recruitment an ...
Stock Assessment For Napoleon Wrasse_final
... The model assumes the population is stable. However, Palau’s stock is still recovering from previous overfishing, and therefore not stable in its size structure or its population size. The model assumes that the population is one large population under homogenous mixing. However, both kemedukl a ...
... The model assumes the population is stable. However, Palau’s stock is still recovering from previous overfishing, and therefore not stable in its size structure or its population size. The model assumes that the population is one large population under homogenous mixing. However, both kemedukl a ...
File
... species cannot survive without the presence of the other species; a facultative mutualism is an interaction that benefits both species but is not required by either species. One reason facultative mutualism is more common is that a) in an obligate mutualism, if the partner becomes extinct, the oblig ...
... species cannot survive without the presence of the other species; a facultative mutualism is an interaction that benefits both species but is not required by either species. One reason facultative mutualism is more common is that a) in an obligate mutualism, if the partner becomes extinct, the oblig ...
Wildlife Forestry Aquatic Ecology CEI Soils/Land Use
... Teams are comprised of five members. The team members study: soils/land use, aquatic ecology, forestry, wildlife and current environmental issues during the school year. In the spring, there are eight regional competitions in North Carolina. Our region will host the Southern Piedmont Envirothon comp ...
... Teams are comprised of five members. The team members study: soils/land use, aquatic ecology, forestry, wildlife and current environmental issues during the school year. In the spring, there are eight regional competitions in North Carolina. Our region will host the Southern Piedmont Envirothon comp ...
read more! - Scripps Institution of Oceanography
... 2014). If fish behavior appeared to be altered by diver presence, observation of that fish was terminated and the data excluded from analysis. Between 10 and 48, observations were made for each of the 15 most common species of herbivorous fishes in Maui (Figure S1). Observational data for other, mor ...
... 2014). If fish behavior appeared to be altered by diver presence, observation of that fish was terminated and the data excluded from analysis. Between 10 and 48, observations were made for each of the 15 most common species of herbivorous fishes in Maui (Figure S1). Observational data for other, mor ...
tree crop interactions in agroforestry
... where trees and crops or animals give useful products to the farmers, but systems where tree and crop (and or animal) interact. ...
... where trees and crops or animals give useful products to the farmers, but systems where tree and crop (and or animal) interact. ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.