Effects of productivity, disturbance, and ecosystem size on food
... or the IG-predator, because the IG-prey and the IGpredator cannot persist in patches without the basal resource. A patch in state B can experience just one kind of extinction transition: B fi A. We assume this can be represented by an extinction rate of e. Now consider a patch in state C. It can expe ...
... or the IG-predator, because the IG-prey and the IGpredator cannot persist in patches without the basal resource. A patch in state B can experience just one kind of extinction transition: B fi A. We assume this can be represented by an extinction rate of e. Now consider a patch in state C. It can expe ...
Nordic Society Oikos
... tant in population dynamics because generalized habi- backwaters (pers. obs.). tat and resource use enhances the possibilities for juvenile bottlenecks that are intensified by interspecific competition (Werner 1986, Persson 1988). This paper Experimental stream system expands on previous work (Reset ...
... tant in population dynamics because generalized habi- backwaters (pers. obs.). tat and resource use enhances the possibilities for juvenile bottlenecks that are intensified by interspecific competition (Werner 1986, Persson 1988). This paper Experimental stream system expands on previous work (Reset ...
Methods S1.
... A JAVA-based mathematical model heart was developed in which a modeled subject’s end-of-life CM age distributions, defined by the modeled subject’s lifespan and CM turnover dynamics could be computed. These age distributions were produced by initializing the model with a starting number of CMs and t ...
... A JAVA-based mathematical model heart was developed in which a modeled subject’s end-of-life CM age distributions, defined by the modeled subject’s lifespan and CM turnover dynamics could be computed. These age distributions were produced by initializing the model with a starting number of CMs and t ...
Key Native Ecosystem Plan for Te Horo Forest Remnants
... District 2. These remnants are predominately dominated by tōtara/mataī forest with interspersed patches of broadleaf/kohekohe/tawa forest. See Appendix 1, Map 1 for the KNE site location. The five forest remnants are known as Tom’s or Ainslee’s Bush (7.5ha); Lumsden Bush (1.8ha); Davis’s Bush (1.8ha ...
... District 2. These remnants are predominately dominated by tōtara/mataī forest with interspersed patches of broadleaf/kohekohe/tawa forest. See Appendix 1, Map 1 for the KNE site location. The five forest remnants are known as Tom’s or Ainslee’s Bush (7.5ha); Lumsden Bush (1.8ha); Davis’s Bush (1.8ha ...
Tropical Marine Biology Productivity and the Coral Symbiosis
... • Much of the productivity from corals • Cnidaria - from the Latin “nettle” – a plant • have often been mistaken for plants – attached to a substrate – do not wander about – same colour as many marine plants – same branched nature and growth habit ...
... • Much of the productivity from corals • Cnidaria - from the Latin “nettle” – a plant • have often been mistaken for plants – attached to a substrate – do not wander about – same colour as many marine plants – same branched nature and growth habit ...
Non-lethal effects of predation in birds
... where predators reduce prey density through killing prey. The predator has a direct mortality effect on the prey, a direct effect on the characteristics of the area through a reduction in the prey’s density and an indirect effect on the resource density of the prey it has consumed. In essence, reduc ...
... where predators reduce prey density through killing prey. The predator has a direct mortality effect on the prey, a direct effect on the characteristics of the area through a reduction in the prey’s density and an indirect effect on the resource density of the prey it has consumed. In essence, reduc ...
Roadside habitats: effects on diversity and composition of plant
... area around each trap and made sure no prominent obstacles such as large rocks or tree trunks were present. We conducted five 1 week sampling sessions, one each in August, November, January, March and late May. All collected specimens were deposited in the National Collections of Natural History at ...
... area around each trap and made sure no prominent obstacles such as large rocks or tree trunks were present. We conducted five 1 week sampling sessions, one each in August, November, January, March and late May. All collected specimens were deposited in the National Collections of Natural History at ...
BONUS Briefing 8 BAZOOCA
... Interactions among jellyfishes Intraguild predation might have created the population dynamics seen in the Skagerrak with Aurelia disappearing after the invasion of Mnemiopsis. Further studies are needed to understand the complex pattern of how species act both as prey and predators for each other. ...
... Interactions among jellyfishes Intraguild predation might have created the population dynamics seen in the Skagerrak with Aurelia disappearing after the invasion of Mnemiopsis. Further studies are needed to understand the complex pattern of how species act both as prey and predators for each other. ...
Species Diversity of Seed-Eating Desert Rodents in
... pallidus, and P. penicillatus are normally found only on friable soils. The species range in body size from P. longimembris, which weighs about 7 g, to D. deserti, approximately 100 g. A variety of mammalian, avian, and reptilian predators are known to take these rodents, but predation does not appe ...
... pallidus, and P. penicillatus are normally found only on friable soils. The species range in body size from P. longimembris, which weighs about 7 g, to D. deserti, approximately 100 g. A variety of mammalian, avian, and reptilian predators are known to take these rodents, but predation does not appe ...
Convergence, Competition, and Mimicry in a
... been covered with dense stands (>5 inflorescences/ mi2) during normal years, it was impossible to find a single flower during the droughts. During the drought years, hummingbirds competed for nectar with incredible intensity. Their frequent frequent foraging resulted in extremely low levels of necta ...
... been covered with dense stands (>5 inflorescences/ mi2) during normal years, it was impossible to find a single flower during the droughts. During the drought years, hummingbirds competed for nectar with incredible intensity. Their frequent frequent foraging resulted in extremely low levels of necta ...
Predation, Size, and Composition of Planktons
... “Predation, Body Size, and Composition of Plankton”. This paper studies the effects of marine planktivores on lake plankton. In it, Brooks and Dodson elaborate on the size and composition of planktons and how the planktivores’ competition and predation affect plankton populations and plankton body s ...
... “Predation, Body Size, and Composition of Plankton”. This paper studies the effects of marine planktivores on lake plankton. In it, Brooks and Dodson elaborate on the size and composition of planktons and how the planktivores’ competition and predation affect plankton populations and plankton body s ...
continued - Linn-Benton Community College
... rate, and the population size – The size of most natural populations of organisms fluctuates over the course of a year because reproduction tends to be seasonal – Growing populations add individuals in proportion to the population’s size, much like a bank account accumulates compound interest – If c ...
... rate, and the population size – The size of most natural populations of organisms fluctuates over the course of a year because reproduction tends to be seasonal – Growing populations add individuals in proportion to the population’s size, much like a bank account accumulates compound interest – If c ...
ecological and reproductive character displacement
... We expand on the earlier models of Case and Taper (2000) and Lemmon et al. (2004), by analyzing and comparing models of ecological and reproductive character displacement. We find that the qualitative behavior of these two processes can be quite different, and that a trait affecting assortative mati ...
... We expand on the earlier models of Case and Taper (2000) and Lemmon et al. (2004), by analyzing and comparing models of ecological and reproductive character displacement. We find that the qualitative behavior of these two processes can be quite different, and that a trait affecting assortative mati ...
46. Pulu Keeling National Park
... aligned to be consistent with the approach of the Ramsar Rolling Review (see Table 1 explanation notes). The Ramsar Rolling Review uses the IUCN threat classification (reference) to standardise terminology across sites. All threat categories identified at the Pulu Keeling National Park Ramsar site a ...
... aligned to be consistent with the approach of the Ramsar Rolling Review (see Table 1 explanation notes). The Ramsar Rolling Review uses the IUCN threat classification (reference) to standardise terminology across sites. All threat categories identified at the Pulu Keeling National Park Ramsar site a ...
Spider Ecophysiology - Preamble - Beck-Shop
... spiders, omnipresent in all terrestrial habitats, a key position in ecological networks and ecosystem functioning. During their evolution of more than 300 million years, spiders developed and improved unique features, the combination of which is regarded as entry for their unrivalled success story. ...
... spiders, omnipresent in all terrestrial habitats, a key position in ecological networks and ecosystem functioning. During their evolution of more than 300 million years, spiders developed and improved unique features, the combination of which is regarded as entry for their unrivalled success story. ...
Termites, vertebrate herbivores, and the fruiting success of Acacia
... eliminated nonsignificant interactions in the final analysis. Fruit number was the response variable, which was square-root transformed to homogenize variances. Effects of resource enhancement by vertebrates To examine whether preferential use of termite mounds by vertebrate herbivores might enhance o ...
... eliminated nonsignificant interactions in the final analysis. Fruit number was the response variable, which was square-root transformed to homogenize variances. Effects of resource enhancement by vertebrates To examine whether preferential use of termite mounds by vertebrate herbivores might enhance o ...
chapter 9 biological invasions and the homogenization of faunas
... obstacles to free migration, are related in a close and important manner to differences between the productions of various regions. (Charles Darwin, 1859, pp. 395–396) ...
... obstacles to free migration, are related in a close and important manner to differences between the productions of various regions. (Charles Darwin, 1859, pp. 395–396) ...
Loosestrife-download
... eating its leaves as the Winged loosestrife so it has the advantage to produce more of its species, which is why the Purple loosestrife quickly occupies a lot of space in a ecosystem. it has less species of insects that eat it ...
... eating its leaves as the Winged loosestrife so it has the advantage to produce more of its species, which is why the Purple loosestrife quickly occupies a lot of space in a ecosystem. it has less species of insects that eat it ...
consumer species richness and autotrophic biomass
... Giorgio and Gasol 1995). Thus, the association between consumer diversity and standing autotrophic biomass remains unclear. We experimentally examined the association between variation in protistan consumer diversity and standing unicellular algal biomass in microbial microcosms to test for patterns ...
... Giorgio and Gasol 1995). Thus, the association between consumer diversity and standing autotrophic biomass remains unclear. We experimentally examined the association between variation in protistan consumer diversity and standing unicellular algal biomass in microbial microcosms to test for patterns ...
Biodiversity and resilience of ecosystem functions
... arises when multiple species share similar effect traits but differ in response traits. Resilient ecosystem function: See main text for history of the term resilience. The definition used here is the degree to which an ecosystem function can resist or recover rapidly from environmental perturbations ...
... arises when multiple species share similar effect traits but differ in response traits. Resilient ecosystem function: See main text for history of the term resilience. The definition used here is the degree to which an ecosystem function can resist or recover rapidly from environmental perturbations ...
Flora and Vegetation
... impacts to these values are considered by the EPA within the context of other relevant factors, such as Social Surroundings, Inland Waters Environmental Quality or Hydrological Processes. Flora and vegetation may be considered by the EPA in concert with other factors to assess impacts on an ecosyste ...
... impacts to these values are considered by the EPA within the context of other relevant factors, such as Social Surroundings, Inland Waters Environmental Quality or Hydrological Processes. Flora and vegetation may be considered by the EPA in concert with other factors to assess impacts on an ecosyste ...
Equal partnership: two trematode species, not one, manipulate the
... results in increased predation by birds on cockles, and thus enhanced transmission rates of the parasite to its bird definitive hosts. This host manipulation by the trematode is costly: fish regularly crop the tip of the foot of cockles stranded on the sediment surface, killing any metacercariae the ...
... results in increased predation by birds on cockles, and thus enhanced transmission rates of the parasite to its bird definitive hosts. This host manipulation by the trematode is costly: fish regularly crop the tip of the foot of cockles stranded on the sediment surface, killing any metacercariae the ...
The biology and ecology of narrow endemic and
... with widespread congeners (Fiedler 1986, Gitzendanner and Soltis 2000). In fact, differences in regional histories can strongly affect observed patterns of endemism (Cowling et al. 1994, 1996) and each study should thus be made in a single regional flora in order to minimize the effects of spatial v ...
... with widespread congeners (Fiedler 1986, Gitzendanner and Soltis 2000). In fact, differences in regional histories can strongly affect observed patterns of endemism (Cowling et al. 1994, 1996) and each study should thus be made in a single regional flora in order to minimize the effects of spatial v ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.