The Phylogeny of the Cercomeria (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela
... logical and developmental correlates of phylogeny. Hence, it is expected that most closely related species will be morphologically distinct from but ecologically and behaviorally similar to each other and their common ancestor. In addition, suites of ecological and behavioral traits for taxa should ...
... logical and developmental correlates of phylogeny. Hence, it is expected that most closely related species will be morphologically distinct from but ecologically and behaviorally similar to each other and their common ancestor. In addition, suites of ecological and behavioral traits for taxa should ...
PowerPoint-præsentation - maram
... Weak signal, pairwise values were not significant between any of the four sampling sites! However, mtDNA and microsatellites samples from 3 years under analysis; conclusions need to await these results, available in 2014. ...
... Weak signal, pairwise values were not significant between any of the four sampling sites! However, mtDNA and microsatellites samples from 3 years under analysis; conclusions need to await these results, available in 2014. ...
Microbial ecology of biological invasions
... Traditionally, phytopathologists did not consider that pathogens might play a major role in natural ecosystems, because disease symptoms that appeared in agricultural crops were not commonly observed in nature (Burdon, 1987). More recently, however, ecologists have become aware that microbial pathog ...
... Traditionally, phytopathologists did not consider that pathogens might play a major role in natural ecosystems, because disease symptoms that appeared in agricultural crops were not commonly observed in nature (Burdon, 1987). More recently, however, ecologists have become aware that microbial pathog ...
Diapositiva 1 - ICM-CSIC
... vij vij·Ti·Mij aij·Mij·Bj·Sij·Tj/Dj * vij is expressing the rate with which B move between being vulnerable and not vulnerable * Bi is prey biomass; Bj is predator biomass * aij is the effective search rate for i by j * Ti and Tj is relative feeding time for prey and predator * Dj represents eff ...
... vij vij·Ti·Mij aij·Mij·Bj·Sij·Tj/Dj * vij is expressing the rate with which B move between being vulnerable and not vulnerable * Bi is prey biomass; Bj is predator biomass * aij is the effective search rate for i by j * Ti and Tj is relative feeding time for prey and predator * Dj represents eff ...
Prey size, prey nutrition, and food handling by shrews of different
... and 25-mm pieces of mealworm larvae offered to Sorex minutus and S. araneus (Churchfield, 1991). Studies of shrews’ natural diets showed that most shrews (including the large species) ate many tiny (⬍ 5 mm long) prey, and even very small shrews take some large (⬎ 30 mm) prey (Churchfield, 1991, 1994 ...
... and 25-mm pieces of mealworm larvae offered to Sorex minutus and S. araneus (Churchfield, 1991). Studies of shrews’ natural diets showed that most shrews (including the large species) ate many tiny (⬍ 5 mm long) prey, and even very small shrews take some large (⬎ 30 mm) prey (Churchfield, 1991, 1994 ...
Eric Davis Project Advisor: Breck Bowden
... The biomass of salamanders in eastern forests has been estimated to be roughly twice that of birds during peak breeding season (Burton and Likens 1975). Amphibians serve both as a link between trophic levels as well as a link between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Given their important ecological ...
... The biomass of salamanders in eastern forests has been estimated to be roughly twice that of birds during peak breeding season (Burton and Likens 1975). Amphibians serve both as a link between trophic levels as well as a link between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Given their important ecological ...
Power Point File - University of Toronto Physics
... Innocent questions such as how climate changes affect species diversity (bears on ecosystem function and stability) ? are quite complex: ...
... Innocent questions such as how climate changes affect species diversity (bears on ecosystem function and stability) ? are quite complex: ...
John Turner - Ecology rebuttal evidence
... mammalian predators because of rapid reinvasion as demonstrated by research undertaken by King et. al. (2011)1. Their work throws substantial doubt on the value of long-term predator control for small bush fragments. ...
... mammalian predators because of rapid reinvasion as demonstrated by research undertaken by King et. al. (2011)1. Their work throws substantial doubt on the value of long-term predator control for small bush fragments. ...
Ecology, 2e - Sinauer Associates
... called transferrin that removes iron from blood serum and stores it so bacterial and fungal endoparasites can’t get it. But some parasites can steal iron from the ...
... called transferrin that removes iron from blood serum and stores it so bacterial and fungal endoparasites can’t get it. But some parasites can steal iron from the ...
Changes in the diet of hake associated with El Niño 1997?1998 in
... with a strong inverse relationship between both variables. With this consideration, in the subsequent analyses, the SSTA was used to explore the association between the physical habitat variability and the changes in the diet of hake (Fig. 4a). Although anchovy is the dominant prey of the analysed s ...
... with a strong inverse relationship between both variables. With this consideration, in the subsequent analyses, the SSTA was used to explore the association between the physical habitat variability and the changes in the diet of hake (Fig. 4a). Although anchovy is the dominant prey of the analysed s ...
foraging ecology of reintroduced captive-bred subadult
... Foraging classes and success rates. We separated Harpy Eagle prey species into three general classes: social arboreal, solitary arboreal, and terrestrial prey. Species within each class display similar patterns in daily activity, movement, and location within the forest. The following dry season dat ...
... Foraging classes and success rates. We separated Harpy Eagle prey species into three general classes: social arboreal, solitary arboreal, and terrestrial prey. Species within each class display similar patterns in daily activity, movement, and location within the forest. The following dry season dat ...
Competitive abilities of introduced and native grasses
... of competitive interactions varied with water availability. In each vegetation type. transplants of each species were grown under two levels of competition (presence or absence of neighboring vegetation) and three levels of water availability (high. medium, or low). Transplant survival, growth. and ...
... of competitive interactions varied with water availability. In each vegetation type. transplants of each species were grown under two levels of competition (presence or absence of neighboring vegetation) and three levels of water availability (high. medium, or low). Transplant survival, growth. and ...
Evaluating performance costs of sexually selected traits
... that are less certain to occur and/or may vary in sign. Correlations between traits can be positive or negative and are represented by double-headed arrows (some possible correlations are omitted for simplicity). Compensatory trait refers to such subordinate traits as heart size, gill area or muscle ...
... that are less certain to occur and/or may vary in sign. Correlations between traits can be positive or negative and are represented by double-headed arrows (some possible correlations are omitted for simplicity). Compensatory trait refers to such subordinate traits as heart size, gill area or muscle ...
Chapter 11
... – (a) Wave force can detach higher profile individuals – Clustering can protect from wave shock (as well as preventing excessive desiccation). – (b) Wave force is indirect – reduced or dissipated some – (c) Too dense can be a problem sometimes ...
... – (a) Wave force can detach higher profile individuals – Clustering can protect from wave shock (as well as preventing excessive desiccation). – (b) Wave force is indirect – reduced or dissipated some – (c) Too dense can be a problem sometimes ...
Aquatic Antagonists: Indirect Nematocyst Envenomation and Acute
... man-of-war (Physalia physalis), true jellyfish such as the box jellyfish, sea anemone, true coral, and fire coral can inflict painful and sometimes fatal stings. As a result, these organisms are avoided by humans and most sea creatures; however, indirect contact with the skin may occur. For example, ...
... man-of-war (Physalia physalis), true jellyfish such as the box jellyfish, sea anemone, true coral, and fire coral can inflict painful and sometimes fatal stings. As a result, these organisms are avoided by humans and most sea creatures; however, indirect contact with the skin may occur. For example, ...
Intraspecific phytochemical variation shapes community and
... Johnson et al., 2009; Barbour et al., 2015) that can respond to selection and can directly and indirectly impact biotic communities (Bailey et al., 2006) and ecosystems (Driebe & Whitham, 2000; Whitham et al., 2003; Schweitzer et al., 2005). Intraspecific chemical variation between individual host p ...
... Johnson et al., 2009; Barbour et al., 2015) that can respond to selection and can directly and indirectly impact biotic communities (Bailey et al., 2006) and ecosystems (Driebe & Whitham, 2000; Whitham et al., 2003; Schweitzer et al., 2005). Intraspecific chemical variation between individual host p ...
Population Structure and Dynamics
... the resident killer whale population off the coast of British Columbia and Washington by identifying individuals using natural markings. Similar methods have been used to census North Atlantic right whales (Kenny, 2002) and a few other species that retain individual markings throughout their lives ( ...
... the resident killer whale population off the coast of British Columbia and Washington by identifying individuals using natural markings. Similar methods have been used to census North Atlantic right whales (Kenny, 2002) and a few other species that retain individual markings throughout their lives ( ...
Mass-Scaled Rates of Respiration and Intrinsic
... Abstract: This review compares rates of oxygen uptake and intrinsic growth of very small invertebrate species near 20 "C with those of larger invertebrate and unicellular animals by means of the allometric relation (rate a Mb where M = mass). Respiration rates of small species of major invertebrate ...
... Abstract: This review compares rates of oxygen uptake and intrinsic growth of very small invertebrate species near 20 "C with those of larger invertebrate and unicellular animals by means of the allometric relation (rate a Mb where M = mass). Respiration rates of small species of major invertebrate ...
Do not let the dead bite! Different scenarios of the zombie epidemic
... Table 1 shows the values of the used parameters. The initial population of susceptibles was set to 1000, zombies to 1 and the rest to 0 (see section Models). Numerical calculations were done in Mathematica 10.311. ...
... Table 1 shows the values of the used parameters. The initial population of susceptibles was set to 1000, zombies to 1 and the rest to 0 (see section Models). Numerical calculations were done in Mathematica 10.311. ...
can intraspecific competition drive disruptive selection?
... may be an important causal agent in the evolution of ecological variation. Key words. minima. ...
... may be an important causal agent in the evolution of ecological variation. Key words. minima. ...
Disturbance, colonial fragmentation, and size
... large colonies of both species had significantly smaller fragments than did small colonies (t tests, p < 0.001, data in Table 1). Some, but certainly not all, of these latter differences may be due to damage to stolonal connections during the subsample collections from the large colonies. However, e ...
... large colonies of both species had significantly smaller fragments than did small colonies (t tests, p < 0.001, data in Table 1). Some, but certainly not all, of these latter differences may be due to damage to stolonal connections during the subsample collections from the large colonies. However, e ...
Frontiers in Polar Biology - Division on Earth and Life Studies
... in the liquid state at sub-zero temperatures? Although these species have been the subject of research for several decades, the tools of genome science are providing new insights into their characteristics. Polar ecosystems merit intensified study not only because they are fascinating but because th ...
... in the liquid state at sub-zero temperatures? Although these species have been the subject of research for several decades, the tools of genome science are providing new insights into their characteristics. Polar ecosystems merit intensified study not only because they are fascinating but because th ...
Mechanisms of species divergence through visual adaptation and
... Currently, the relative importance of direct and indirect mechanisms of divergent evolution in mate choice, and hence speciation, are unknown, and empirical examples of divergence driven by direct ecological effects on sexual selection by female choice are rare. Most studies of ‘magic trait’ speciat ...
... Currently, the relative importance of direct and indirect mechanisms of divergent evolution in mate choice, and hence speciation, are unknown, and empirical examples of divergence driven by direct ecological effects on sexual selection by female choice are rare. Most studies of ‘magic trait’ speciat ...
Conceptual Bases for Prey Biorecognition and Feeding Selectivity in
... aquatic ‘microbial loop’ communities [50], there has been sustained interest in the feeding preferences of marine (and freshwater) protozoa; far from being indiscriminate grazers, many species of protozoa show highly specific or ‘selective’ ingestion behaviours [7, 19, 36, 55, 58]. For clarification ...
... aquatic ‘microbial loop’ communities [50], there has been sustained interest in the feeding preferences of marine (and freshwater) protozoa; far from being indiscriminate grazers, many species of protozoa show highly specific or ‘selective’ ingestion behaviours [7, 19, 36, 55, 58]. For clarification ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.