This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The
... for the Use of Animals in Research, and were approved by the IACUC Committees of Princeton University and Tufts University. In order to measure the cardiovascular stress response of marine iguanas to novel threats we conducted a series of simulated predator approaches using an evolutionarily recent ...
... for the Use of Animals in Research, and were approved by the IACUC Committees of Princeton University and Tufts University. In order to measure the cardiovascular stress response of marine iguanas to novel threats we conducted a series of simulated predator approaches using an evolutionarily recent ...
Significance testing in ecological null models
... heretofore, this critical distinction has not been recognized. The p value can be obtained directly from a null distribution of a test statistic or indirectly from an alternative significance test applied to the null distribution. In both approaches, observed data are randomized or simulated so as t ...
... heretofore, this critical distinction has not been recognized. The p value can be obtained directly from a null distribution of a test statistic or indirectly from an alternative significance test applied to the null distribution. In both approaches, observed data are randomized or simulated so as t ...
Plant Community Development of Isle Royale`s
... 5000 animals in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s (reviewed by Mech 1966). Over-browsing and starvation caused the population to plummet from 1933-1943. As the moose population started to recover in 1945, wolves became established on the island and kept the moose herd relatively low for two decades. ...
... 5000 animals in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s (reviewed by Mech 1966). Over-browsing and starvation caused the population to plummet from 1933-1943. As the moose population started to recover in 1945, wolves became established on the island and kept the moose herd relatively low for two decades. ...
alumni garry oak meadow restoration project
... revered for their aesthetic and cultural value. The Garry oak is the only native oak in western Canada and it is uniquely adapted to the Mediterranean climate found in the rain shadow of Vancouver Island (GOERT 2007). It is exclusively found at low elevations, most often on dry, rocky slopes or bluf ...
... revered for their aesthetic and cultural value. The Garry oak is the only native oak in western Canada and it is uniquely adapted to the Mediterranean climate found in the rain shadow of Vancouver Island (GOERT 2007). It is exclusively found at low elevations, most often on dry, rocky slopes or bluf ...
seabird community structure along a productivity gradient
... surface (Nelson 1978, Schreiber and Chovan 1986, Pitman 1993). However, for the vast majority of species, seabirds are free of predation when at sea. Therefore, despite its large spatial scale, this system is a highly simplified one, affording an opportunity to interpret community patterns in the ab ...
... surface (Nelson 1978, Schreiber and Chovan 1986, Pitman 1993). However, for the vast majority of species, seabirds are free of predation when at sea. Therefore, despite its large spatial scale, this system is a highly simplified one, affording an opportunity to interpret community patterns in the ab ...
Phenological Patterns of Terrestrial Plants Beverly Rathcke
... predator or pathogen attack at the seed stage and the seedling stage. However, at present we know too little about the seasonal activities of such predators or pathogens to evaluate this idea. SYNCHRONY AND DURATION The same abiotic and biotic factors that determine when seeds germinate may also con ...
... predator or pathogen attack at the seed stage and the seedling stage. However, at present we know too little about the seasonal activities of such predators or pathogens to evaluate this idea. SYNCHRONY AND DURATION The same abiotic and biotic factors that determine when seeds germinate may also con ...
The feeding ecology of the aardvark Orycteropus afer
... PRIMER (Clarke & Warwick, 1994). This multivariate method bases its comparison of two or more samples on the extent to which these samples share particular species at comparable levels of abundance (Clarke & Warwick, 1994). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) is a test built on a simple non-parametric p ...
... PRIMER (Clarke & Warwick, 1994). This multivariate method bases its comparison of two or more samples on the extent to which these samples share particular species at comparable levels of abundance (Clarke & Warwick, 1994). Analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) is a test built on a simple non-parametric p ...
General enquiries on this form should be made to:
... 8. The trait-based filters also varied in their reliability. The dispersal filter was considered reliable however a number of CSM indicators did not have sufficient trait data to be attributed an index. The grazing index was unsatisfactory and different analytical approaches are required. 9. Applica ...
... 8. The trait-based filters also varied in their reliability. The dispersal filter was considered reliable however a number of CSM indicators did not have sufficient trait data to be attributed an index. The grazing index was unsatisfactory and different analytical approaches are required. 9. Applica ...
Population ecology of the Three-toed Woodpecker under
... abundance of the Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus were studied in Fennoscandia from 1996-1999. Patch suitability for a resident woodpecker was estimated in relation to seasonal and inter-annual changes in prey availability and profitability. The methods used to clarify dietary preferences ...
... abundance of the Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus were studied in Fennoscandia from 1996-1999. Patch suitability for a resident woodpecker was estimated in relation to seasonal and inter-annual changes in prey availability and profitability. The methods used to clarify dietary preferences ...
Functional diversity responses to changing species richness in reef
... groups for species within genera that fall within a single depth and size category should be minimized by using this method, assuming phylogenetic constraints (i.e. species are more likely to be similar to their congeners). However, to test the potential influence of assigning average genera values ...
... groups for species within genera that fall within a single depth and size category should be minimized by using this method, assuming phylogenetic constraints (i.e. species are more likely to be similar to their congeners). However, to test the potential influence of assigning average genera values ...
Defining drivers of the trophic niche width in reef fish communities
... III. Specific information : Biological and Behavioral Traits .............................. ^M! ...
... III. Specific information : Biological and Behavioral Traits .............................. ^M! ...
The Population Dynamics of Red and Western Grey Kangaroos in
... The asymptotic density between 1978 and 1981 for each population was calculated a s the mean of the logged abundance indices ( n = 18). Regression analysis indicated that the F values for each population were not significantly different from zero and the results are summarized in Table 2(b). Single- ...
... The asymptotic density between 1978 and 1981 for each population was calculated a s the mean of the logged abundance indices ( n = 18). Regression analysis indicated that the F values for each population were not significantly different from zero and the results are summarized in Table 2(b). Single- ...
Seed Dispersal and Spatial Pattern in Tropical Trees
... mechanism, while avoiding the potential problem of pseudoreplication among species that share a common ancestor. Although phylogenetic contrasts cannot rule out the possibility that a third trait (such as stature) explains the variation in both dispersal syndrome and spatial cluster size, such an an ...
... mechanism, while avoiding the potential problem of pseudoreplication among species that share a common ancestor. Although phylogenetic contrasts cannot rule out the possibility that a third trait (such as stature) explains the variation in both dispersal syndrome and spatial cluster size, such an an ...
Growth, development, and life-history strategies in an unpredictable
... Bertalanffy (vB) growth functions with parameters L0, size at hatching/birth; L∞, mean asymptotic size, and K, a growth rate constant. Please see Appendix S1 for a detailed description of these, and this analysis. This approach was used to compare larval growth across treatments in Experiments 1, 2, ...
... Bertalanffy (vB) growth functions with parameters L0, size at hatching/birth; L∞, mean asymptotic size, and K, a growth rate constant. Please see Appendix S1 for a detailed description of these, and this analysis. This approach was used to compare larval growth across treatments in Experiments 1, 2, ...
1 - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... the weather, but as at Bibury the correlations are not convincing. Like Dunnett and Grime (1999) he saw ...
... the weather, but as at Bibury the correlations are not convincing. Like Dunnett and Grime (1999) he saw ...
Chapter 43
... • Ectoparasites live on surface of host e.g. lampreys • Endoparasites live internally e.g. tapeworms • Parasitoids are insects that are parasitic only in their larval stage • Parasitism is a special kind of predation ...
... • Ectoparasites live on surface of host e.g. lampreys • Endoparasites live internally e.g. tapeworms • Parasitoids are insects that are parasitic only in their larval stage • Parasitism is a special kind of predation ...
Ecological constraints, life history traits and the evolution of
... a minimum level of food abundance through the year. They found that cooperative breeding was most common among insectivorous species inhabiting areas with stable, aseasonal insect populations, while noncooperative insectivores lived in seasonal habitats. Ford et al.’s (1988) finding that a lack of s ...
... a minimum level of food abundance through the year. They found that cooperative breeding was most common among insectivorous species inhabiting areas with stable, aseasonal insect populations, while noncooperative insectivores lived in seasonal habitats. Ford et al.’s (1988) finding that a lack of s ...
to view - Scottish Natural Heritage
... Orange roughy has a widespread distribution on the continental slope, banks and seamounts to the west of Scotland. They aggregate to spawn around seamounts (OSPAR 2010). The main site of spawning aggregations in Scottish waters is believed to be the Hebrides Terrace Seamount which was the location o ...
... Orange roughy has a widespread distribution on the continental slope, banks and seamounts to the west of Scotland. They aggregate to spawn around seamounts (OSPAR 2010). The main site of spawning aggregations in Scottish waters is believed to be the Hebrides Terrace Seamount which was the location o ...
ecology of an invasive predator in hawaii
... effective control methods (Veitch 1985, Edwards et al. 2000). For example, disease data may help to understand the risk of transmission to other species, diet studies may yield information about formulating attractive baits, home range size and daily movements may inform trap placement and spacing, ...
... effective control methods (Veitch 1985, Edwards et al. 2000). For example, disease data may help to understand the risk of transmission to other species, diet studies may yield information about formulating attractive baits, home range size and daily movements may inform trap placement and spacing, ...
The Ecological Impacts of Removing the Gray Wolf (Canis Lupus
... There have been several studies pertaining to the listing of the gray wolf as an endangered species, one of which is an analysis conducted by Chris Woolston (2013). He reviewed the decision of USFWS ...
... There have been several studies pertaining to the listing of the gray wolf as an endangered species, one of which is an analysis conducted by Chris Woolston (2013). He reviewed the decision of USFWS ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.