What is NPP? Inconsistent accounting of respiratory fluxes in the
... of NPP, only rarely have the terms of equation 1 been represented in this way. The study by Kira et al. (1967) provides the closest correspondence to our analysis, where losses due to litterfall and herbivory (but not respiration) were represented explicitly for growth in the current year vs previou ...
... of NPP, only rarely have the terms of equation 1 been represented in this way. The study by Kira et al. (1967) provides the closest correspondence to our analysis, where losses due to litterfall and herbivory (but not respiration) were represented explicitly for growth in the current year vs previou ...
INSECTS ON PLANTS: Diversity of Herbivore Assemblages Revisited
... Plant Traits and Local Assemblages Plant size and architecture affect the number of associated herbivore species (Strong et al. 1984). In some local studies, larger plant individuals (Cytrynowicz 1991) or species (Marquis 1991) were shown to support more herbivore species, whereas in other studies, ...
... Plant Traits and Local Assemblages Plant size and architecture affect the number of associated herbivore species (Strong et al. 1984). In some local studies, larger plant individuals (Cytrynowicz 1991) or species (Marquis 1991) were shown to support more herbivore species, whereas in other studies, ...
An empirical model for the prediction of secondary production in
... (n = 123; R2 = 0.86; F = 194; p < 0.0001), where all vanables are listed in decreasing order of their partial significance (all have p < 0.001). Analysis of covariance showed that the production of benthic populations in different types of environments differed significantly (p < 0.05). Residual ana ...
... (n = 123; R2 = 0.86; F = 194; p < 0.0001), where all vanables are listed in decreasing order of their partial significance (all have p < 0.001). Analysis of covariance showed that the production of benthic populations in different types of environments differed significantly (p < 0.05). Residual ana ...
SchuetteP0512 - ScholarWorks
... Thank you to all of my family, friends, and colleagues for their support during my graduate studies. None of this would have been possible without you. In particular, I would like to thank my patient and adaptable wife, Christine, for her love and support while in Kenya and here in Montana. Thank yo ...
... Thank you to all of my family, friends, and colleagues for their support during my graduate studies. None of this would have been possible without you. In particular, I would like to thank my patient and adaptable wife, Christine, for her love and support while in Kenya and here in Montana. Thank yo ...
4. Mechanisms involved in salt-marsh rejuvenation J.P. Bakker
... scales. Furthermore, ecosystem engineering can be a mechanism for negative species interactions, resulting in exclusion and patchy species distributions in ecosystems. Further, habitat modification is found to give rise to thresholds in ecosystems, resulting in unpredictable and irreversible ecosyst ...
... scales. Furthermore, ecosystem engineering can be a mechanism for negative species interactions, resulting in exclusion and patchy species distributions in ecosystems. Further, habitat modification is found to give rise to thresholds in ecosystems, resulting in unpredictable and irreversible ecosyst ...
Consistency of species ranking based on functional leaf traits
... Interannual variation This was examined at Cazarils on the whole set of species except Phillyrea latifolia (an evergreen small tree), which did not produce new leaves at that site in 1999. Harvests were conducted between 19 May and 3 June in 1998 (‘May 98’ hereafter), and between 11 May and 17 June ...
... Interannual variation This was examined at Cazarils on the whole set of species except Phillyrea latifolia (an evergreen small tree), which did not produce new leaves at that site in 1999. Harvests were conducted between 19 May and 3 June in 1998 (‘May 98’ hereafter), and between 11 May and 17 June ...
Ant community structure on a small Pacific island: only one native
... ecosystems and have frequently been model organisms in developing current ecological theory (MacArthur and Wilson 1967; Simberloff 1969, 1976; Herben 2005). Before human intervention, ants were relatively poor dispersers across oceanic islands, but they have evidently been introduced by human travel ...
... ecosystems and have frequently been model organisms in developing current ecological theory (MacArthur and Wilson 1967; Simberloff 1969, 1976; Herben 2005). Before human intervention, ants were relatively poor dispersers across oceanic islands, but they have evidently been introduced by human travel ...
Montana Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit Coordinating
... influence habitat selection is central for management of wild populations, particularly for species of concern. Therefore, understanding which, and how, environmental factors interact to influence habitat selection, and how habitat selection may play a role in population dynamics is quintessential t ...
... influence habitat selection is central for management of wild populations, particularly for species of concern. Therefore, understanding which, and how, environmental factors interact to influence habitat selection, and how habitat selection may play a role in population dynamics is quintessential t ...
Summary of Seahorse Population and Distribution Report on seahorse demographics and habitats
... Island, due south west of the port of Sihanoukville. The chosen site is known locally as the Corral and the surveys were commenced throughout June/July of 2011 and again in November/December of 2011, which were followed in August/September of 2012 and finally in October 2012, all of which is the sub ...
... Island, due south west of the port of Sihanoukville. The chosen site is known locally as the Corral and the surveys were commenced throughout June/July of 2011 and again in November/December of 2011, which were followed in August/September of 2012 and finally in October 2012, all of which is the sub ...
DIET SELECTION IN AMAZONIAN ANTWRENS: CONSEQUENCES
... (e.g. katydids)were kept for severaldays in nearby eachsample,I calculatedpopulationdietary hetero- enclosures.Still, the range of prey offered to each geneity (PDH) as the G-statistic(from matrix of nine bird waslimited by the day's"catch,"and it wasoften prey categoriesfor n stomachs)divided by de ...
... (e.g. katydids)were kept for severaldays in nearby eachsample,I calculatedpopulationdietary hetero- enclosures.Still, the range of prey offered to each geneity (PDH) as the G-statistic(from matrix of nine bird waslimited by the day's"catch,"and it wasoften prey categoriesfor n stomachs)divided by de ...
early primary succession on mount st. helens: impact of insect
... intervals. In addition, a sample of infructescences was collected to estimate seeds per fruit and damage by seed predators. Sample sizes fluctuated because (a) in some years (i.e., 1993) weather conditions resulted in little or no reproduction, and (b) to minimize demographic effects, fruits were no ...
... intervals. In addition, a sample of infructescences was collected to estimate seeds per fruit and damage by seed predators. Sample sizes fluctuated because (a) in some years (i.e., 1993) weather conditions resulted in little or no reproduction, and (b) to minimize demographic effects, fruits were no ...
CBD Fourth National Report
... various sectors. The progress so far has been slow mainly because of lack of adequate capacity and partly because of the fact that many of the concepts are new. The Ministry of Education has incorporated biodiversity concepts in the curricula of all elementary school. The agriculture and livestock p ...
... various sectors. The progress so far has been slow mainly because of lack of adequate capacity and partly because of the fact that many of the concepts are new. The Ministry of Education has incorporated biodiversity concepts in the curricula of all elementary school. The agriculture and livestock p ...
Alarm communication: a new function for the scent
... pheromone (Holmberg 1986). However this hypothesis is unlikely, since other glandular structures (on the chelicerae and legs) have been found that serve these functions (Martens and Schawaller 1977; Martens 1979). Moreover, there is no chemical difference between the secretions from males and female ...
... pheromone (Holmberg 1986). However this hypothesis is unlikely, since other glandular structures (on the chelicerae and legs) have been found that serve these functions (Martens and Schawaller 1977; Martens 1979). Moreover, there is no chemical difference between the secretions from males and female ...
Chapter 20 Succession and Stability In 1794, Captain George
... In 1879, John Muir explored the coast of Alaska, relying heavily on Vancouver's earlier descriptions. Muir (1915 ) commented in his journal that Vancouver's descriptions were excellent guides except for the area within Glacier Bay. Where Vancouver had met "mountains of ice," Muir found open water. H ...
... In 1879, John Muir explored the coast of Alaska, relying heavily on Vancouver's earlier descriptions. Muir (1915 ) commented in his journal that Vancouver's descriptions were excellent guides except for the area within Glacier Bay. Where Vancouver had met "mountains of ice," Muir found open water. H ...
Chapter 3.0 Threats to Blanding`s Turtle - Documents
... Common snapping turtles stay in one general area from year to year, often for their whole life span, so are likely to remain exposed to the same chemicals year after year. As in most carnivorous or omnivorous species, persistent contaminants accumulate in the fatty adipose tissues, liver, skeletal m ...
... Common snapping turtles stay in one general area from year to year, often for their whole life span, so are likely to remain exposed to the same chemicals year after year. As in most carnivorous or omnivorous species, persistent contaminants accumulate in the fatty adipose tissues, liver, skeletal m ...
Factors Influencing Biodiversity and Distributional Gradients in
... depends on sea currents and land barriers, but the dispersal distance depends on the time that propagules remain buoyant and viable. This is expected to differ for each species. Similarly, each species will also differ in establishment success and growth development rate, and each has tolerance limi ...
... depends on sea currents and land barriers, but the dispersal distance depends on the time that propagules remain buoyant and viable. This is expected to differ for each species. Similarly, each species will also differ in establishment success and growth development rate, and each has tolerance limi ...
Chen, Bingzhang, Michael R. Landry, Bangqin Huang
... where R0 is a normalization constant, E (in electron volts [eV], 1 eV 5 96.49 kJ mol21) is the activation energy that does not vary with T and M, k is the Boltzmann’s constant (8.62 3 105 eV K21), and a is the allometric exponent. Activation energy is the energy barrier (i.e., the enthalpy differenc ...
... where R0 is a normalization constant, E (in electron volts [eV], 1 eV 5 96.49 kJ mol21) is the activation energy that does not vary with T and M, k is the Boltzmann’s constant (8.62 3 105 eV K21), and a is the allometric exponent. Activation energy is the energy barrier (i.e., the enthalpy differenc ...
Intra-guild competition and its implications for one of the biggest
... have been obligate carnivores [29,30], many of these sympatric theropods were largely or completely carnivorous, and there is evidence for both active predation and latestage carcass consumption (probable scavenging) by dromaeosaurs [31]. In modern-day ecosystems, carcasses are typically a rare, wid ...
... have been obligate carnivores [29,30], many of these sympatric theropods were largely or completely carnivorous, and there is evidence for both active predation and latestage carcass consumption (probable scavenging) by dromaeosaurs [31]. In modern-day ecosystems, carcasses are typically a rare, wid ...
- Wiley Online Library
... where it may affect populations of large terrestrial vertebrate predators. The ecological impact of cane toads will depend upon the diets, foraging modes and habitat use of native predators, and their feeding responses to cane toads. However, intraspecific niche partitioning may influence the degree ...
... where it may affect populations of large terrestrial vertebrate predators. The ecological impact of cane toads will depend upon the diets, foraging modes and habitat use of native predators, and their feeding responses to cane toads. However, intraspecific niche partitioning may influence the degree ...
Caribbean and Pacific Coastal marine system
... Melanesia) is the region of lowest nutrient input. These differences between regions in terms of nutrient input not only have quantitative effects on the fisheries, but they influence the basic characteristics of the tropical coastal ecosystems between regions. The rates of nutrient input, or the de ...
... Melanesia) is the region of lowest nutrient input. These differences between regions in terms of nutrient input not only have quantitative effects on the fisheries, but they influence the basic characteristics of the tropical coastal ecosystems between regions. The rates of nutrient input, or the de ...
Utah Envirothon Study Guide
... animals change, gradually replaced by other species of plants and animals that are better able to survive in the type of habitat that has developed. A good example of succession is a pasture, which unmowed or ungrazed is allowed to progress to an overgrown field with tall grasses and shrubs. In many ...
... animals change, gradually replaced by other species of plants and animals that are better able to survive in the type of habitat that has developed. A good example of succession is a pasture, which unmowed or ungrazed is allowed to progress to an overgrown field with tall grasses and shrubs. In many ...
6 Key Ecological Functions of wildlife Species
... databases have focused on how the presence of terrestrial vertebrates is influenced by environmental conditions, and have mostly ignored ecological interactions. WHR approaches have assumed that wildlife (W) basically is a function of habitat (H), or W = f(H). Further, most evaluations of biodiversi ...
... databases have focused on how the presence of terrestrial vertebrates is influenced by environmental conditions, and have mostly ignored ecological interactions. WHR approaches have assumed that wildlife (W) basically is a function of habitat (H), or W = f(H). Further, most evaluations of biodiversi ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.