6 Key Ecological Functions of wildlife Species
... databases have focused on how the presence of terrestrial vertebrates is influenced by environmental conditions, and have mostly ignored ecological interactions. WHR approaches have assumed that wildlife (W) basically is a function of habitat (H), or W = f(H). Further, most evaluations of biodiversi ...
... databases have focused on how the presence of terrestrial vertebrates is influenced by environmental conditions, and have mostly ignored ecological interactions. WHR approaches have assumed that wildlife (W) basically is a function of habitat (H), or W = f(H). Further, most evaluations of biodiversi ...
Utah Envirothon Study Guide
... animals change, gradually replaced by other species of plants and animals that are better able to survive in the type of habitat that has developed. A good example of succession is a pasture, which unmowed or ungrazed is allowed to progress to an overgrown field with tall grasses and shrubs. In many ...
... animals change, gradually replaced by other species of plants and animals that are better able to survive in the type of habitat that has developed. A good example of succession is a pasture, which unmowed or ungrazed is allowed to progress to an overgrown field with tall grasses and shrubs. In many ...
HABITAT COMPLEXITY INFLUENCES CASCADING EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE PREDATORS J H. G
... among predators. For example, habitat complexity generally decreases encounter rates among predators, thereby reducing the strength of interference interactions and intraguild predation (Swisher et al. 1998, Finke and Denno 2002, Grabowski and Powers 2004, Siddon and Witman 2004, Griffen and Byers 2 ...
... among predators. For example, habitat complexity generally decreases encounter rates among predators, thereby reducing the strength of interference interactions and intraguild predation (Swisher et al. 1998, Finke and Denno 2002, Grabowski and Powers 2004, Siddon and Witman 2004, Griffen and Byers 2 ...
Estimating resource acquisition and at‐sea body condition of a
... condition changes at fine spatial and temporal scales as a result of interaction with the environment provides necessary information about how animals acquire resources. 2. However, comparatively little is known about intra- and interindividual variation of condition in marine systems. Where conditi ...
... condition changes at fine spatial and temporal scales as a result of interaction with the environment provides necessary information about how animals acquire resources. 2. However, comparatively little is known about intra- and interindividual variation of condition in marine systems. Where conditi ...
Biodiversity Guided Notes - Bloomsburg Area School District
... _______________________rather than individual species. • By doing this, we may be able to save most of the species in an ecosystem instead of only the ones that have been identified as endangered. • The general public has now begun to understand that Earth’s biosphere depends on all its connected ec ...
... _______________________rather than individual species. • By doing this, we may be able to save most of the species in an ecosystem instead of only the ones that have been identified as endangered. • The general public has now begun to understand that Earth’s biosphere depends on all its connected ec ...
Slide 1: NATURAL HISTORY of WHITE
... Seedling: sapling forest is best, provides two basic needs: (1) concealment, (2) food in form of buds, stems, leaves of shrubs, & young trees. This type of habitat grows following clearcutting operations. Coniferous tree groves: provide shelter during severe weather but minimal nourishing food: ...
... Seedling: sapling forest is best, provides two basic needs: (1) concealment, (2) food in form of buds, stems, leaves of shrubs, & young trees. This type of habitat grows following clearcutting operations. Coniferous tree groves: provide shelter during severe weather but minimal nourishing food: ...
ecosystems - Friends of Ventura River
... (Wilson 1988). When new species, new genetic variation, or new ecosystems are formed, biodiversity increases. Biodiversity decreases when genetic variation decreases, a species becomes extinct, or when an ecosystem complex is lost (Gallo et al. 2005). Energy flows, nutrient and hydrological cycles, ...
... (Wilson 1988). When new species, new genetic variation, or new ecosystems are formed, biodiversity increases. Biodiversity decreases when genetic variation decreases, a species becomes extinct, or when an ecosystem complex is lost (Gallo et al. 2005). Energy flows, nutrient and hydrological cycles, ...
Rapid, landscape scale responses in riparian tundra
... the underlying mechanisms (Zimov et al. 1995; Oksanen & Oksanen 2000; van der Wal 2006). These predictions have focused mainly on impact of large mammals. Arctic ecosystems can, however, harbour abundant populations of different-sized mammalian herbivores (Bliss 2000; Ims & Fuglei 2005), which have ...
... the underlying mechanisms (Zimov et al. 1995; Oksanen & Oksanen 2000; van der Wal 2006). These predictions have focused mainly on impact of large mammals. Arctic ecosystems can, however, harbour abundant populations of different-sized mammalian herbivores (Bliss 2000; Ims & Fuglei 2005), which have ...
Trophic facilitation by introduced top predators: grey wolf subsidies
... stage by butchering 14 field-dressed elk shot by hunters just north of the park during the Gardner Late Hunt (early January–mid-February 2002). We weighed all muscle and fat to within 2 – 3 cm of the bone in order to determine stage-2 biomass. This is approximately the point at which canids and bear ...
... stage by butchering 14 field-dressed elk shot by hunters just north of the park during the Gardner Late Hunt (early January–mid-February 2002). We weighed all muscle and fat to within 2 – 3 cm of the bone in order to determine stage-2 biomass. This is approximately the point at which canids and bear ...
Adaptations to Intraguild Competition
... to controlling prey populations but in recent years it has become clear that stable, intact carnivore guilds play an important role in structuring entire biological communities (e.g. Crooks and Soule 1999, Berger et al. 2001, Terborgh et al. 2001, Ripple and Beschta, 2004, Wilmers et al. 2003, Stene ...
... to controlling prey populations but in recent years it has become clear that stable, intact carnivore guilds play an important role in structuring entire biological communities (e.g. Crooks and Soule 1999, Berger et al. 2001, Terborgh et al. 2001, Ripple and Beschta, 2004, Wilmers et al. 2003, Stene ...
Mycorrhizal networks mediate overstorey
... for both species because initial heights were relatively small (2–4 cm). Seedlings that were browsed by deer and later produced new shoots were excluded from height growth comparisons. Pinus strobus and T. canadensis seedlings exhibited relatively little height growth over the course of the experime ...
... for both species because initial heights were relatively small (2–4 cm). Seedlings that were browsed by deer and later produced new shoots were excluded from height growth comparisons. Pinus strobus and T. canadensis seedlings exhibited relatively little height growth over the course of the experime ...
Limiting resources and the regulation of diversity in phytoplankton
... the relationship between phytoplankton diversity and limiting resources (N, P, Si, and light) over two summers in three lakes in the Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA) region. Diversity was highly variable along temporal and spatial axes within lakes. We discovered a strong positive correlation between dive ...
... the relationship between phytoplankton diversity and limiting resources (N, P, Si, and light) over two summers in three lakes in the Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA) region. Diversity was highly variable along temporal and spatial axes within lakes. We discovered a strong positive correlation between dive ...
Ecological Effects of Invasive Arthropod Generalist Predators
... Shipping traffic is responsible for the majority of accidental AGP introductions. For example, the ground beetle Pterostichus melanarius, a European native that has invaded a wide swath of North America, is believed to have arrived in soil ballast dumped from ships (Niemelä et al. 1997). Similarly, ...
... Shipping traffic is responsible for the majority of accidental AGP introductions. For example, the ground beetle Pterostichus melanarius, a European native that has invaded a wide swath of North America, is believed to have arrived in soil ballast dumped from ships (Niemelä et al. 1997). Similarly, ...
COSSARO classifications from March 24-25 and
... large-sized rivers. Widely distributed in the Mississippi drainages of North America the distribution of Bigmouth Buffalo in Canada extends into the Great Lakes into the waters of southern Ontario and westward into the Assiniboine and Red River drainages of the Hudson Bay Basin in Manitoba and Saska ...
... large-sized rivers. Widely distributed in the Mississippi drainages of North America the distribution of Bigmouth Buffalo in Canada extends into the Great Lakes into the waters of southern Ontario and westward into the Assiniboine and Red River drainages of the Hudson Bay Basin in Manitoba and Saska ...
habitat in agricultural landscapes: how much is enough?
... should it be managed? Federal, state and local governments and the private sector spend billions of dollars each year to conserve land through direct acquisition, easements, landowner incentives, and a wide range of regulatory and collaborative activities. What does success look like? How will we kn ...
... should it be managed? Federal, state and local governments and the private sector spend billions of dollars each year to conserve land through direct acquisition, easements, landowner incentives, and a wide range of regulatory and collaborative activities. What does success look like? How will we kn ...
Phenotypic and genetic differentiation between native and
... populations may occur in any ecological trait that is beneficial under the novel selection conditions, given that there is genetic variation for it. A straightforward way of testing such hypotheses about adaptive evolutionary change is to compare offspring from native and introduced populations in a c ...
... populations may occur in any ecological trait that is beneficial under the novel selection conditions, given that there is genetic variation for it. A straightforward way of testing such hypotheses about adaptive evolutionary change is to compare offspring from native and introduced populations in a c ...
Biome
... a) Finding less biodiversity in the interior of a biome b) Finding less biodiversity in each biome as one moves north from the equator c) Finding ecotones between biomes d) Finding more biodiversity in the transition areas between biomes e) Finding species evenness values vary from the interior to t ...
... a) Finding less biodiversity in the interior of a biome b) Finding less biodiversity in each biome as one moves north from the equator c) Finding ecotones between biomes d) Finding more biodiversity in the transition areas between biomes e) Finding species evenness values vary from the interior to t ...
Evolutionary History Uniting History and Biology to Understand Life
... blossomed into full-blown pests. Spraying thus had the ironic effect of increasing rather than decreasing the number of pest species. (Enough insect species have become pests as a by-product of spraying that entomologists have a term for them: secondary pests.) Spraying did not create new species, b ...
... blossomed into full-blown pests. Spraying thus had the ironic effect of increasing rather than decreasing the number of pest species. (Enough insect species have become pests as a by-product of spraying that entomologists have a term for them: secondary pests.) Spraying did not create new species, b ...
Applications, Considerations, and Sources of Uncertainty When
... Biomagnification Studies. The studies described above, while valuable in providing some explanation for the variability observed in animal contaminant concentrations, do not offer insight into ecosystem-scale patterns, and typically use SIA in a semiquantitative fashion. One of the advantages of SIA ...
... Biomagnification Studies. The studies described above, while valuable in providing some explanation for the variability observed in animal contaminant concentrations, do not offer insight into ecosystem-scale patterns, and typically use SIA in a semiquantitative fashion. One of the advantages of SIA ...
Cayman`s blue iguanas moves to “endangered” from “critically
... summation of monitored iguana locations. This area may increase slightly in the next decade, but is currently not predicted to reach one km² (using the recommended grid size of 2×2 km for estimating AOO increases the area to 12 km², a figure which is well within the Endangered threshold and very cl ...
... summation of monitored iguana locations. This area may increase slightly in the next decade, but is currently not predicted to reach one km² (using the recommended grid size of 2×2 km for estimating AOO increases the area to 12 km², a figure which is well within the Endangered threshold and very cl ...
Biodiversity in tropical agroforests and the ecological role of ants
... Biodiversity in tropical agroforests and the ecological role of ants and ant diversity in predatory function STACY M. PHILPOTTlandlNGE ARMB RECHT 2 lOepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and -School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, U.S.A. Abstract. 1. Intensive ...
... Biodiversity in tropical agroforests and the ecological role of ants and ant diversity in predatory function STACY M. PHILPOTTlandlNGE ARMB RECHT 2 lOepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, and -School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, U.S.A. Abstract. 1. Intensive ...
Plant Community Development of Isle Royale`s
... 5000 animals in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s (reviewed by Mech 1966). Over-browsing and starvation caused the population to plummet from 1933-1943. As the moose population started to recover in 1945, wolves became established on the island and kept the moose herd relatively low for two decades. ...
... 5000 animals in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s (reviewed by Mech 1966). Over-browsing and starvation caused the population to plummet from 1933-1943. As the moose population started to recover in 1945, wolves became established on the island and kept the moose herd relatively low for two decades. ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.