Competitive interactions across a soil fertility gradient in a
... dominant viewpoints with conflicting predictions (Craine 2005). One field of thought predicts that neighbouring plants will have a less competitive effect at low soil fertility as articulated by the stress gradient hypothesis (Bertness & Callaway 1994) and the CSR strategy theory (Grime 2007). To the ...
... dominant viewpoints with conflicting predictions (Craine 2005). One field of thought predicts that neighbouring plants will have a less competitive effect at low soil fertility as articulated by the stress gradient hypothesis (Bertness & Callaway 1994) and the CSR strategy theory (Grime 2007). To the ...
The Role of Hybrid Vigor in the Replacement of
... flow among population units. Also, when hybrids are reproductively and ecologically viable, their taxonomic status and that of their parental species becomes controversial, as does their conservation status (O’Brien & Mayr 1991; Smith et al. 1995; Rosenfield et al. 2000). Hybridization and genetic i ...
... flow among population units. Also, when hybrids are reproductively and ecologically viable, their taxonomic status and that of their parental species becomes controversial, as does their conservation status (O’Brien & Mayr 1991; Smith et al. 1995; Rosenfield et al. 2000). Hybridization and genetic i ...
New evidence that high potential nitrification rates occur in soils
... Arid and semiarid ecosystems cover one-third of the Earth’s surface (Archibold, 1995), and many of these areas experience distinct seasonal precipitation patterns. In the last decade, a series of reviews have sought to draw attention to the importance of biogeochemical cycling in pulse driven ecosys ...
... Arid and semiarid ecosystems cover one-third of the Earth’s surface (Archibold, 1995), and many of these areas experience distinct seasonal precipitation patterns. In the last decade, a series of reviews have sought to draw attention to the importance of biogeochemical cycling in pulse driven ecosys ...
Conserving Biodiversity in Urbanizing Areas: Nontraditional Views
... 50-year period (1950-2000), for example, the conterminous United States saw a doubling of land settled at urban densities (>1 housing unit/acre) and a five-fold increase in land settled at exurban densities (1 unit/1-40acres) (Brown et al. 2005). Thus, successful conservation of the world’s biodiver ...
... 50-year period (1950-2000), for example, the conterminous United States saw a doubling of land settled at urban densities (>1 housing unit/acre) and a five-fold increase in land settled at exurban densities (1 unit/1-40acres) (Brown et al. 2005). Thus, successful conservation of the world’s biodiver ...
A length-based approach to predator–prey relationships in marine
... Juanes 2010a). This definition is the inverse (predator mass/prey mass) of the one used by most studies analyzing masses, and it is unclear whether any differences emerge when using lengths instead of masses. I then compared the slopes of the upper (90th) and lower (10th) bounds of the relative prey ...
... Juanes 2010a). This definition is the inverse (predator mass/prey mass) of the one used by most studies analyzing masses, and it is unclear whether any differences emerge when using lengths instead of masses. I then compared the slopes of the upper (90th) and lower (10th) bounds of the relative prey ...
estuary-net
... Different species coexisting in a community can avoid competition through specialized adaptations, so that each species has a unique role in the community. These roles, called niches, can be defined in many ways, but all of them involve using limited resources in a unique way. The concept of the nic ...
... Different species coexisting in a community can avoid competition through specialized adaptations, so that each species has a unique role in the community. These roles, called niches, can be defined in many ways, but all of them involve using limited resources in a unique way. The concept of the nic ...
UK NON-NATIVE ORGANISM RISK ASSESSMENT SCHEME
... stages in its life cycle then how likely is the organism to become associated with such species in the risk assessment area? 1.20 How likely is it that establishment will not be prevented by competition from existing species in the Risk Assessment area? 1.21 How likely is it that establishment will ...
... stages in its life cycle then how likely is the organism to become associated with such species in the risk assessment area? 1.20 How likely is it that establishment will not be prevented by competition from existing species in the Risk Assessment area? 1.21 How likely is it that establishment will ...
Similarities and Contrasts in the Diets of Foxes, Vulpes vulpes, and
... other time. Their occurrence was also greater in cat stomachs compared with the same period the previous year. A recent related study (A. E. Newsome, I. Parer and P. C. Catling, unpublished) concluded that predators can inhibit the population growth of mammalian prey. However, the precise timing of ...
... other time. Their occurrence was also greater in cat stomachs compared with the same period the previous year. A recent related study (A. E. Newsome, I. Parer and P. C. Catling, unpublished) concluded that predators can inhibit the population growth of mammalian prey. However, the precise timing of ...
Impact of Pollutants on Coastal and Benthic Marine Communities
... directly or through their metabolites [57], causing mutagenesis [58]. Biomarkers of genotoxicity include DNA damage, which is based upon potentially pre-mutagenic lesions (such as DNA adducts, base modifications, DNADNA and DNA-proteins cross-linking and DNA strand breaks) and chromosomal damage [59 ...
... directly or through their metabolites [57], causing mutagenesis [58]. Biomarkers of genotoxicity include DNA damage, which is based upon potentially pre-mutagenic lesions (such as DNA adducts, base modifications, DNADNA and DNA-proteins cross-linking and DNA strand breaks) and chromosomal damage [59 ...
Lonesome George: The legacy
... This ongoing monitoring study provides the perfect opportunity for supplementary work with giant tortoises out in the field. A new focus for our project supported by the BCG is the provision of ambient environmental sensors to enhance the information collected from the tagged tortoises. This project ...
... This ongoing monitoring study provides the perfect opportunity for supplementary work with giant tortoises out in the field. A new focus for our project supported by the BCG is the provision of ambient environmental sensors to enhance the information collected from the tagged tortoises. This project ...
Distribution and Reproductive Characteristics of
... Data generated in fragmentation studies were plotted as percentage increase in weight (total new weight minus initial weight divided by initial weight). Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with time and size as factors (both fixed) for each species. To determine which siz ...
... Data generated in fragmentation studies were plotted as percentage increase in weight (total new weight minus initial weight divided by initial weight). Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with time and size as factors (both fixed) for each species. To determine which siz ...
The Peppered Moth - Ahmad Shah Idil`s HSC Notes
... variations in its general appearance; its overall pigmentation ranges from very dark to very light, including many shades in between. The population of the Peppered Moth was originally, prior to the Industrial Revolution, mostly composed of the lighter phenotypes (called the typica form). The select ...
... variations in its general appearance; its overall pigmentation ranges from very dark to very light, including many shades in between. The population of the Peppered Moth was originally, prior to the Industrial Revolution, mostly composed of the lighter phenotypes (called the typica form). The select ...
Unit 4: Chapter 1: Populations
... Unit introduction: Living organisms form structured communities within dynamic but essentially stable ecosystems through which energy is transferred and chemical elements are cycled. Humans are part of the ecological balance and their activities affect it both directly and indirectly. Consideration ...
... Unit introduction: Living organisms form structured communities within dynamic but essentially stable ecosystems through which energy is transferred and chemical elements are cycled. Humans are part of the ecological balance and their activities affect it both directly and indirectly. Consideration ...
The assembly of tropical tree communities the advances and
... genera or families are the same age. Thus, making the unrealistic assumption that all else is equal (e.g. rates of functional evolution were constant and equivalent between lineages through time), two species in a relatively young genus may be expected to be more similar than two species in a relati ...
... genera or families are the same age. Thus, making the unrealistic assumption that all else is equal (e.g. rates of functional evolution were constant and equivalent between lineages through time), two species in a relatively young genus may be expected to be more similar than two species in a relati ...
Disturbance and trajectory of change in a stream fish community
... (Fig. 1c, f) as exemplified by Eby et al. (2003) and Muehlbauer et al. (2011), or remain in a stable alternative state (Fig. 1b, e) as shown in Daufresne et al. (2007) and Rodriguez et al. (2003). A community may not exclusively fit either a gradual or an event-driven model, as real communities can ...
... (Fig. 1c, f) as exemplified by Eby et al. (2003) and Muehlbauer et al. (2011), or remain in a stable alternative state (Fig. 1b, e) as shown in Daufresne et al. (2007) and Rodriguez et al. (2003). A community may not exclusively fit either a gradual or an event-driven model, as real communities can ...
presence and prevalence of bd - The Center for North American
... sylvaticus (Wood Frog), and P. crucifer (Spring Peeper). A predetermined minimum target sample size of 30 individuals was set for each species, although our ideal sample size was not achieved among N. viridescens, L. sylvaticus, and A. jeffersonianum. Study subjects were handled individually with ne ...
... sylvaticus (Wood Frog), and P. crucifer (Spring Peeper). A predetermined minimum target sample size of 30 individuals was set for each species, although our ideal sample size was not achieved among N. viridescens, L. sylvaticus, and A. jeffersonianum. Study subjects were handled individually with ne ...
Swarm Robotics - Server users.dimi.uniud.it
... increase their survival. • V. fischeri produces light when its population reach a critical size. • V. cholarae delays the production of virulence factor until they reach a certain mass, to ensure a successful infection against the infection system. • Recent studies show that bacteria use certain aut ...
... increase their survival. • V. fischeri produces light when its population reach a critical size. • V. cholarae delays the production of virulence factor until they reach a certain mass, to ensure a successful infection against the infection system. • Recent studies show that bacteria use certain aut ...
Lepidopteran Communities in Two Forest Ecosystems During the
... moth outbreaks experienced by this area. Adult Lepidoptera were collected at 4-wk intervals each summer in 1993Ð1995 in eight forest stands. Four stands were classiÞed as ecological landtype phase (ELTP) 20, and they were dominated by oaks (Quercus spp.), a favored host of gypsy moth, Lymantria disp ...
... moth outbreaks experienced by this area. Adult Lepidoptera were collected at 4-wk intervals each summer in 1993Ð1995 in eight forest stands. Four stands were classiÞed as ecological landtype phase (ELTP) 20, and they were dominated by oaks (Quercus spp.), a favored host of gypsy moth, Lymantria disp ...
File - Science for all Students
... energy in cellular respiration at the higher based on valid and reliable evidence level. Given this inefficiency, there are obtained from a variety of sources generally fewer organisms at higher levels (including students’ own investigations, of a food web. Some matter reacts to models, theories, si ...
... energy in cellular respiration at the higher based on valid and reliable evidence level. Given this inefficiency, there are obtained from a variety of sources generally fewer organisms at higher levels (including students’ own investigations, of a food web. Some matter reacts to models, theories, si ...
Biodiversity and biogeography: adaptive radiation in the
... the cichlid fish in all three lakes have undergone spectacular amounts of adaptive radiation, still some unexpected differences remain. The oldest and deepest lake, lake Tanganyika, contains far fewer species than the other two lakes, lake Malawi and lake Victoria. Lake Tanganyika is thought to harb ...
... the cichlid fish in all three lakes have undergone spectacular amounts of adaptive radiation, still some unexpected differences remain. The oldest and deepest lake, lake Tanganyika, contains far fewer species than the other two lakes, lake Malawi and lake Victoria. Lake Tanganyika is thought to harb ...
Living where the flow is right: How flow affects
... How well a bryozoan can feed in a particular flow regime could help determine the distribution and abundance of that bryozoan. I tested how velocity of flow affects feeding rate in four species of bryozoans in the laboratory and how these species perform in different flow regimes in the field. I fou ...
... How well a bryozoan can feed in a particular flow regime could help determine the distribution and abundance of that bryozoan. I tested how velocity of flow affects feeding rate in four species of bryozoans in the laboratory and how these species perform in different flow regimes in the field. I fou ...
Please Note: These assignments were distributed to each student in
... place in the ocean environment such as more dissolved CO2 affect the coral reef ecosystem in negative ways. As scientists learn more about ecosystems, two things become very clear. The rst is that any change in one part of an ecosystem affects every other part of the ecosystem, many times in ways t ...
... place in the ocean environment such as more dissolved CO2 affect the coral reef ecosystem in negative ways. As scientists learn more about ecosystems, two things become very clear. The rst is that any change in one part of an ecosystem affects every other part of the ecosystem, many times in ways t ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.