Document
... Area of edge influence (AEI): The total area of a given landscape that is subject to significant edge influence; an extension of DEI in two dimensions. Since DEI varies with edge orientation, edge contrast, surrounding topography and other factors, AEI typically appears as a belt of variable width s ...
... Area of edge influence (AEI): The total area of a given landscape that is subject to significant edge influence; an extension of DEI in two dimensions. Since DEI varies with edge orientation, edge contrast, surrounding topography and other factors, AEI typically appears as a belt of variable width s ...
wolf
... particularly beavers during the open-water season. Carnivore species, including river otter, lynx, marten, mink, wolverine, coyote, and black bear are also among the wolf’s known prey. Wolves also compete with other carnivores in their use of local food resources such as voles, squirrels, and hares, ...
... particularly beavers during the open-water season. Carnivore species, including river otter, lynx, marten, mink, wolverine, coyote, and black bear are also among the wolf’s known prey. Wolves also compete with other carnivores in their use of local food resources such as voles, squirrels, and hares, ...
Foraging behaviour and diet of an ectothermic herbivore: Testudo
... Foraging when time is limited The extreme continental climate of central Asia (hot and dry summer followed by a very cold winter) limits steppe tortoise activity to the spring only, three months a year on average (Lagarde et al. 1999 and references therein). During such a limited time period, the to ...
... Foraging when time is limited The extreme continental climate of central Asia (hot and dry summer followed by a very cold winter) limits steppe tortoise activity to the spring only, three months a year on average (Lagarde et al. 1999 and references therein). During such a limited time period, the to ...
Towra Point Nature Reserve Ramsar site: Ecological character
... Studies have shown that a higher abundance and diversity of fish species are found in areas of mangrove and saltmarsh which are adjacent to seagrass than are found in isolated communities; it is also thought that it is the area of the vegetation at Towra Point that makes it so significant (Clynick ...
... Studies have shown that a higher abundance and diversity of fish species are found in areas of mangrove and saltmarsh which are adjacent to seagrass than are found in isolated communities; it is also thought that it is the area of the vegetation at Towra Point that makes it so significant (Clynick ...
Use of Riparian Corridors and Vineyards by Mammalian Predators
... Kubeš 1996; Bennett 1999; Perault & Lomolino 2000), defined as strips of habitat that connect two or more large patches of otherwise disjunct habitat (Soulé 1991). Many habitat corridors, both de facto and planned, encompass riparian zones, which are natural elements in the landscape that guide an ...
... Kubeš 1996; Bennett 1999; Perault & Lomolino 2000), defined as strips of habitat that connect two or more large patches of otherwise disjunct habitat (Soulé 1991). Many habitat corridors, both de facto and planned, encompass riparian zones, which are natural elements in the landscape that guide an ...
Foraging behaviour and diet of an ectothermic herbivore: Testudo
... Foraging when time is limited The extreme continental climate of central Asia (hot and dry summer followed by a very cold winter) limits steppe tortoise activity to the spring only, three months a year on average (Lagarde et al. 1999 and references therein). During such a limited time period, the to ...
... Foraging when time is limited The extreme continental climate of central Asia (hot and dry summer followed by a very cold winter) limits steppe tortoise activity to the spring only, three months a year on average (Lagarde et al. 1999 and references therein). During such a limited time period, the to ...
Factors influencing in mangroves biodiversity and distributional
... similarly around the world, and to demonstrate this point, we present examples of distributional gradients from the two global biogeographic regions, the Atlantic East Pacific and the Indo-West Pacific. ...
... similarly around the world, and to demonstrate this point, we present examples of distributional gradients from the two global biogeographic regions, the Atlantic East Pacific and the Indo-West Pacific. ...
Open Access - Ghent University Academic Bibliography
... The selective forces that soil biota exert through changes in plant characteristics (either ...
... The selective forces that soil biota exert through changes in plant characteristics (either ...
Initial Population for Genetic Algorithms: A Metric Approach
... generated randomly and, after that, in each iteration the best individuals are selected and the worst ones are replaced with new ones generated randomly, building in this way the Bayesian network. Harik and Lobo [10] conclude, then, that the population size needed in order to obtain a good solution ...
... generated randomly and, after that, in each iteration the best individuals are selected and the worst ones are replaced with new ones generated randomly, building in this way the Bayesian network. Harik and Lobo [10] conclude, then, that the population size needed in order to obtain a good solution ...
Shape up or ship out: migratory behaviour predicts
... provide additional and powerful insights into the functional significance of phenotypic traits (Wilson 1998), not least because interspecific comparisons are hampered with differences in other aspects of the physiology, morphology and ecology of the species studied. Recent interest in studying intra ...
... provide additional and powerful insights into the functional significance of phenotypic traits (Wilson 1998), not least because interspecific comparisons are hampered with differences in other aspects of the physiology, morphology and ecology of the species studied. Recent interest in studying intra ...
Marine and Reef Janitors - Kieron Dodds
... continues to be a “problem” and what the possible solutions are. These things may be easy to understand, but they’re not always easy to accept. Without nutrients available for their growth, nuisance organisms, like other organisms, will not survive. Removing detritus in some way, before it is availa ...
... continues to be a “problem” and what the possible solutions are. These things may be easy to understand, but they’re not always easy to accept. Without nutrients available for their growth, nuisance organisms, like other organisms, will not survive. Removing detritus in some way, before it is availa ...
Distribution and Reproductive Characteristics of Nonindigenous and
... Data generated in fragmentation studies were plotted as percentage increase in weight (total new weight minus initial weight divided by initial weight). Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with time and size as factors (both fixed) for each species. To determine which siz ...
... Data generated in fragmentation studies were plotted as percentage increase in weight (total new weight minus initial weight divided by initial weight). Data were analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with time and size as factors (both fixed) for each species. To determine which siz ...
Density-dependence in common tree species in a tropical dry forest
... However, tree species seldom attain such high densities in mixed-species communities, particularly in speciesrich communities such as tropical forests, where most tree species are infrequent or rare. Are such species also regulated by density-dependent effects? It has been argued further that plants ...
... However, tree species seldom attain such high densities in mixed-species communities, particularly in speciesrich communities such as tropical forests, where most tree species are infrequent or rare. Are such species also regulated by density-dependent effects? It has been argued further that plants ...
REVIEW ARTICLE A research strategy for
... sources revealed two reviews of particular relevance: an account of 100 questions of importance to the conservation of global biodiversity (Sutherland et al. 2009) and key research questions identified to manage non-indigenous species (Byers et al. 2002). Hitherto unpublished information was gleaned ...
... sources revealed two reviews of particular relevance: an account of 100 questions of importance to the conservation of global biodiversity (Sutherland et al. 2009) and key research questions identified to manage non-indigenous species (Byers et al. 2002). Hitherto unpublished information was gleaned ...
Chapman_et_al-2015-J.. - Behaviour and Ecology at Nottingham
... provide additional and powerful insights into the functional significance of phenotypic traits (Wilson 1998), not least because interspecific comparisons are hampered with differences in other aspects of the physiology, morphology and ecology of the species studied. Recent interest in studying intra ...
... provide additional and powerful insights into the functional significance of phenotypic traits (Wilson 1998), not least because interspecific comparisons are hampered with differences in other aspects of the physiology, morphology and ecology of the species studied. Recent interest in studying intra ...
Wolves, people, and brown bears influence the expansion of the
... Gunther and Smith 2004). However, the potential effects of interspecific, intraguild competition between bears and wolves on their population recovery and expansion process have not been studied. In Scandinavia (Sweden and Norway), the recent and ongoing recovery of the wolf population in an area pa ...
... Gunther and Smith 2004). However, the potential effects of interspecific, intraguild competition between bears and wolves on their population recovery and expansion process have not been studied. In Scandinavia (Sweden and Norway), the recent and ongoing recovery of the wolf population in an area pa ...
PRIMER NOTES Polymorphic trinucleotide microsatellite loci for a
... 90 ¡C/2 min, and 20 cycles of 90 ¡C for 30 s, 65 or 60 ¡C minus 0.5 ¡C per cycle for 30 s, and 15 cycles of 90 ¡C for 30 s, 55 or 50 ¡C for 30 s, and finally 72 ¡C/1 min. Primer sets detecting single fragments were tested for levels of polymorphism in a panel of L. lutra individuals using radioactiv ...
... 90 ¡C/2 min, and 20 cycles of 90 ¡C for 30 s, 65 or 60 ¡C minus 0.5 ¡C per cycle for 30 s, and 15 cycles of 90 ¡C for 30 s, 55 or 50 ¡C for 30 s, and finally 72 ¡C/1 min. Primer sets detecting single fragments were tested for levels of polymorphism in a panel of L. lutra individuals using radioactiv ...
Population Structure and Reproduction of the Elongated Tortoise
... ABSTRACT.– The population structure and reproductive biology of the elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata, were investigated at a 492 ha site at Ban Kok Village, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, from May 2007 to August 2009. A total of 1,195 individual tortoises (391 males, 369 females and 435 unsexe ...
... ABSTRACT.– The population structure and reproductive biology of the elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata, were investigated at a 492 ha site at Ban Kok Village, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand, from May 2007 to August 2009. A total of 1,195 individual tortoises (391 males, 369 females and 435 unsexe ...
Natural Selection and the Struggle for Existence
... it seems clear that this would not count as an instance of Darwinian natural selection. Although the relative frequency of the strain that divides more quickly is increasing in the population, the rate of reproduction of both strains is not limited by environmental factors; but Darwinian selection o ...
... it seems clear that this would not count as an instance of Darwinian natural selection. Although the relative frequency of the strain that divides more quickly is increasing in the population, the rate of reproduction of both strains is not limited by environmental factors; but Darwinian selection o ...
Common Wall Lizard (Podarcis muralis) - GB non
... however, would be subject to cleaning, which would reduce the chance of survival. Most entries would not be noticed, since the species is small, cryptic and can rapidly flee when it senses danger. Arrivals from April to October would favour establishment, and imports of various kinds occur during th ...
... however, would be subject to cleaning, which would reduce the chance of survival. Most entries would not be noticed, since the species is small, cryptic and can rapidly flee when it senses danger. Arrivals from April to October would favour establishment, and imports of various kinds occur during th ...
Evidence for interspecific interactions in the ectoparasite infracommunity of a wild mammal
... the susceptibility to other parasites and this has implications for disease ecology and epidemiology [7, 8]. Consequently, the infection with one parasite species may reduce or increase the probability of invasion by another parasite species, affect its subsequent establishment and clearance rate an ...
... the susceptibility to other parasites and this has implications for disease ecology and epidemiology [7, 8]. Consequently, the infection with one parasite species may reduce or increase the probability of invasion by another parasite species, affect its subsequent establishment and clearance rate an ...
A Field Manual for Seed Collectors SEED COLLECTING FOR THE
... · Seeds are not subject to extremely high levels of damage, predation or abortion. The fulfilment of all of these criteria is an ideal. In practice, small populations (less than 50 individuals) or those that will yield less than 1000 viable seeds may be collected when larger, more productive populat ...
... · Seeds are not subject to extremely high levels of damage, predation or abortion. The fulfilment of all of these criteria is an ideal. In practice, small populations (less than 50 individuals) or those that will yield less than 1000 viable seeds may be collected when larger, more productive populat ...
ESA16 Program
... Helen White, PhD Candidate, The University of Western Australia / CSIRO, WA Plasticity elicits resilience to future climatic changes in early establishment traits of a riparian tree ...
... Helen White, PhD Candidate, The University of Western Australia / CSIRO, WA Plasticity elicits resilience to future climatic changes in early establishment traits of a riparian tree ...
Full text in pdf format
... defensive chemistry of this plant for use against its own enemies (Stachowicz & Hay 199913).P. herbstii is one of the more colnmon estuarine crabs in North and South Carolina, found wherever the bottom is muddy or covered with shells or stones. The species is common intertidally to 22 m depth th.rou ...
... defensive chemistry of this plant for use against its own enemies (Stachowicz & Hay 199913).P. herbstii is one of the more colnmon estuarine crabs in North and South Carolina, found wherever the bottom is muddy or covered with shells or stones. The species is common intertidally to 22 m depth th.rou ...
Cercariae (in Snail Host)
... the complete life cycle including all stages. • In southern California intertidal marshes, there are more than 18 digenetic trematode species. ...
... the complete life cycle including all stages. • In southern California intertidal marshes, there are more than 18 digenetic trematode species. ...
Theoretical ecology
Theoretical ecology is the scientific discipline devoted to the study of ecological systems using theoretical methods such as simple conceptual models, mathematical models, computational simulations, and advanced data analysis. Effective models improve understanding of the natural world by revealing how the dynamics of species populations are often based on fundamental biological conditions and processes. Further, the field aims to unify a diverse range of empirical observations by assuming that common, mechanistic processes generate observable phenomena across species and ecological environments. Based on biologically realistic assumptions, theoretical ecologists are able to uncover novel, non-intuitive insights about natural processes. Theoretical results are often verified by empirical and observational studies, revealing the power of theoretical methods in both predicting and understanding the noisy, diverse biological world.The field is broad and includes foundations in applied mathematics, computer science, biology, statistical physics, genetics, chemistry, evolution, and conservation biology. Theoretical ecology aims to explain a diverse range of phenomena in the life sciences, such as population growth and dynamics, fisheries, competition, evolutionary theory, epidemiology, animal behavior and group dynamics, food webs, ecosystems, spatial ecology, and the effects of climate change.Theoretical ecology has further benefited from the advent of fast computing power, allowing the analysis and visualization of large-scale computational simulations of ecological phenomena. Importantly, these modern tools provide quantitative predictions about the effects of human induced environmental change on a diverse variety of ecological phenomena, such as: species invasions, climate change, the effect of fishing and hunting on food network stability, and the global carbon cycle.