citric acid cycle - usmle step 1 and 2 for android
... It essentially involves the oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 and H2O This cycle utilizes about 2/3rd of total oxygen consume dby body It is final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids It synthesizes energy and also provides many intermediates required fro synthesis of aminoac ...
... It essentially involves the oxidation of acetyl CoA to CO2 and H2O This cycle utilizes about 2/3rd of total oxygen consume dby body It is final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids It synthesizes energy and also provides many intermediates required fro synthesis of aminoac ...
Notes - PDST
... This takes place in the cytoplasm. It does not use oxygen. It releases a small amount of energy .At the end of this stage, glucose has been broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. Stage 2 This stage takes place in the mitochondria. This stage uses oxygen. The two molecules of pyruvate go into th ...
... This takes place in the cytoplasm. It does not use oxygen. It releases a small amount of energy .At the end of this stage, glucose has been broken down into two molecules of pyruvate. Stage 2 This stage takes place in the mitochondria. This stage uses oxygen. The two molecules of pyruvate go into th ...
DNA Strand 2
... These nucleotides –G,C,A,T- are code for the synthesis (putting together) of proteins and proteins make traits. The long strands of DNA have special segments called genes and these genes hold the genetic code, or the blueprints for life. DNA is used by the cell as the storehouse of information on ho ...
... These nucleotides –G,C,A,T- are code for the synthesis (putting together) of proteins and proteins make traits. The long strands of DNA have special segments called genes and these genes hold the genetic code, or the blueprints for life. DNA is used by the cell as the storehouse of information on ho ...
62.1E6 INVESTIGATOR Name Thomas M. Jessell and
... Liem, Jr., K.F., Tremml, G., Roelink, H., and Jessell, T.M. (1995). Dorsal differentiation of neural plate cells induced by BMP-mediated signals from epidermal ectoderm. Cell 82, 969-979. Liem, Jr., K.F., Tremml, G., and Jessell, T.M. (1997). A role for the roof plate and its resident TGFß-related p ...
... Liem, Jr., K.F., Tremml, G., Roelink, H., and Jessell, T.M. (1995). Dorsal differentiation of neural plate cells induced by BMP-mediated signals from epidermal ectoderm. Cell 82, 969-979. Liem, Jr., K.F., Tremml, G., and Jessell, T.M. (1997). A role for the roof plate and its resident TGFß-related p ...
Transcription Translation Notes
... There are four DNA bases: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine The DNA bases complimentary to each other: A-T & C-G Three nitrogenous bases code for one amino acid (triplet = codon, or a 3-base code) Gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein (sequence of amino acids). ...
... There are four DNA bases: Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine The DNA bases complimentary to each other: A-T & C-G Three nitrogenous bases code for one amino acid (triplet = codon, or a 3-base code) Gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein (sequence of amino acids). ...
Lecture 1: Overview of bioinformatics
... Suppose you have identified a gene. What is its role in the biochemistry of its organism? Sequence databases can help us in formulating reasonable hypotheses. Search the database for proteins with similar amino acid sequences in other organisms. If the functions of the most similar proteins are ...
... Suppose you have identified a gene. What is its role in the biochemistry of its organism? Sequence databases can help us in formulating reasonable hypotheses. Search the database for proteins with similar amino acid sequences in other organisms. If the functions of the most similar proteins are ...
Figure 2-5
... The Keq is always the same for a reaction, whether a catalyst is present or not. Many reactions involve non-covalent binding of one molecule to another. For these reactions we usually refer to KD, dissociation constant, which is the inverse of the Keq. For example, KD is the term we use to describe ...
... The Keq is always the same for a reaction, whether a catalyst is present or not. Many reactions involve non-covalent binding of one molecule to another. For these reactions we usually refer to KD, dissociation constant, which is the inverse of the Keq. For example, KD is the term we use to describe ...
Problem Set 3
... Completion of the loop is simply an iteration of the above process for amino acids 61 to 64. You may have noticed that another option for rebuilding, Mutate and Auto Fit is available in Coot. After adding any amino acid to the terminus of a chain, your next likely operation is to refine its positio ...
... Completion of the loop is simply an iteration of the above process for amino acids 61 to 64. You may have noticed that another option for rebuilding, Mutate and Auto Fit is available in Coot. After adding any amino acid to the terminus of a chain, your next likely operation is to refine its positio ...
Enduring Understanding: Growth, reproduction and maintenance of
... Essential Knowledge 2.A.2: Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes ...
... Essential Knowledge 2.A.2: Organisms capture and store free energy for use in biological processes ...
CHAPTER 10: DNA,RNA & Protein Synthesis
... would be the molecules which contained hereditary information. • Some scientists who did experiments that proved DNA had genetic information: – 1. Fredrick Griffith – 2. Oswald Avery – 3. Hershey & Chase ...
... would be the molecules which contained hereditary information. • Some scientists who did experiments that proved DNA had genetic information: – 1. Fredrick Griffith – 2. Oswald Avery – 3. Hershey & Chase ...
Introduction to Genetics
... Genetics is the study of inheritance Genetics plays a big role in determining who we are and what we look like Genetic research provides us with a unique perspective on life - tying together the past with the present and the future History of genetic research Gregor Mendel developed some inc ...
... Genetics is the study of inheritance Genetics plays a big role in determining who we are and what we look like Genetic research provides us with a unique perspective on life - tying together the past with the present and the future History of genetic research Gregor Mendel developed some inc ...
Protein Synthesis
... • DNA contains genes, sequences of nucleotide bases • These genes code for polypeptides (proteins) • Proteins are used to build cells and do much of the work inside cells ...
... • DNA contains genes, sequences of nucleotide bases • These genes code for polypeptides (proteins) • Proteins are used to build cells and do much of the work inside cells ...
ATP - FTHS Wiki
... • Occurs in the folds of the inner membrane (crista) • Uses O2 and about 32 ATP and water is made. ...
... • Occurs in the folds of the inner membrane (crista) • Uses O2 and about 32 ATP and water is made. ...
Respiration - Ms. Killikelly's Science Classes
... oxygen as the final electron acceptor ► It begins when the compound NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), which is a coenzyme, removes 2 H atoms (2 protons and 2 electrons) from glucose. ► 2 electrons and 1 proton attach and reduce NAD+ to NADH, while the left over proton dissolves in surroundin ...
... oxygen as the final electron acceptor ► It begins when the compound NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), which is a coenzyme, removes 2 H atoms (2 protons and 2 electrons) from glucose. ► 2 electrons and 1 proton attach and reduce NAD+ to NADH, while the left over proton dissolves in surroundin ...
How do they (or we) use the glucose?
... - Anaerobic respiration: O2 not needed; - done by yeast, certain bacteria, exhausted muscle cells of animals - produces 2 ATP per glucose - Two steps: - glycolysis - fermentation: alcohol or lactic acid ...
... - Anaerobic respiration: O2 not needed; - done by yeast, certain bacteria, exhausted muscle cells of animals - produces 2 ATP per glucose - Two steps: - glycolysis - fermentation: alcohol or lactic acid ...
No Slide Title - Docenti.unina
... Hydrophobicity is the most important characteristic of amino acids. It is the hydrophobic effect that drives proteins towards folding. Actually, it is all done by water. Water does not like hydrophobic surfaces. When a protein folds, exposed hydrophobic side chains get buried, and release water of i ...
... Hydrophobicity is the most important characteristic of amino acids. It is the hydrophobic effect that drives proteins towards folding. Actually, it is all done by water. Water does not like hydrophobic surfaces. When a protein folds, exposed hydrophobic side chains get buried, and release water of i ...
Biology - Fall Semester Final Exam 2013-2014
... creatures have a flexible cell membrane filled with watery cytoplasm. The actions of the amoeba are directed by the nucleus. Contractile vacuoles store and discharge water. To move, the liquid cytoplasm streams to the edge of the cell wall and forms pseudopodia, or false feet. These pseudopodia ...
... creatures have a flexible cell membrane filled with watery cytoplasm. The actions of the amoeba are directed by the nucleus. Contractile vacuoles store and discharge water. To move, the liquid cytoplasm streams to the edge of the cell wall and forms pseudopodia, or false feet. These pseudopodia ...
FOOD PRESERVATION BY SALT, ACID, SUGAR AND CHEMICAL
... added to fresh plant tissues • Salt exerts a selective inhibitory action on certain contaminating microorganisms. • Salt also affects the water activity (aw) of the substrate, thus controlling microbial growth by a method independent of its toxic effects. ...
... added to fresh plant tissues • Salt exerts a selective inhibitory action on certain contaminating microorganisms. • Salt also affects the water activity (aw) of the substrate, thus controlling microbial growth by a method independent of its toxic effects. ...
Respiratory System
... inflamed and the cells release an enzyme the cause the aveoli stretch and lose their elasticity. As a result, the aveoli cannot push air out of the lungs. Therefore less oxygen is taken in and not as much carbon dioxide can be released. Blood becomes low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide resultin ...
... inflamed and the cells release an enzyme the cause the aveoli stretch and lose their elasticity. As a result, the aveoli cannot push air out of the lungs. Therefore less oxygen is taken in and not as much carbon dioxide can be released. Blood becomes low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide resultin ...
Modification of Amino Acids
... Kinases add phosphate groups to hydroxyl groups of amino acids such as serine and threonine. ...
... Kinases add phosphate groups to hydroxyl groups of amino acids such as serine and threonine. ...
Biochemistry
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Biochemistry, sometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.